¿Han funcionado las reformas educativas en América Latina? Un estudio de los casos de Argentina, Brasil y Chile.

Almost ten years after the political closing of the neoliberal cycle that framed educational reforms in Latin America in the 90s, this paper assesses their success in three countries – Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The analysis is supported by the theoretical framework developed by Martin Carnoy in his text ‘Are educational reforms working in Latin America? New perspectives’ (2002) and spin-off texts, as an alternative model to classical analysis of educational reforms and quality assurance of its various educational systems. As regards methodology, several indicators, weighted by Carnoy for consideration of success of Latin American reforms, will be used to analyze educational systems of Argentina, Brazil and Chile: (a) expansion of system access, (b) performance of the most disadvantaged intake and (c) improvement of factors associated to educational achievement. Data focus, mainly, on secondary school education since it is at this stage that the greatest difficulty is encountered. Primary education coverage is practically universal and diminishes rapidly when secondary education is considered. In its analysis, this study compares not only the impact of reforms within and across the countries mentioned above but also on Carnoy’s proposal for analysis and traditional models of reform assessment (basically, through the study of changes in effectiveness –learning results- and internal efficiency of systems – repeat students and drop-outs). Finally, this paper raises questions about the true capacity for improvement that reform processes have had for the population of those countries –specially for Argentina- not just in educational terms but also with respect to its democratization and, considering the Conference theme: decrease in vulnerability, injustice and inequity.

Download Full-text

Memória, oralidade e realismo fantástico: A tumba de Leo Kopp no Cemitério Central de Bogotá.

Revista Observatório ◽

10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2016v2n1p24 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Cultural Dynamics ◽

European Standard ◽

European Cities ◽

The Past ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

America Latina ◽

Leopoldo Zea ◽

The Impact

Um dos temas mais sutis presente no panorama da cultura em tempos de globalização versa sobre o impacto da América Latina como polo gerador de conhecimento autêntico, com contornos próprios. Tal enunciado remete ao prestígio dos argumentos originais que caracterizariam a cultura local, latino-americana, lato sensu, pois afinal pergunta-se: pode-se falar de um modo cultural latino-americano? Caso afirmativo, de que matéria teria se constituído? Haveria unidade nas manifestações expressas pela cultura cunhada pelo padrão europeu? Nesta linha, situações específicas, como o caso colombiano, teriam relação direta com dinâmicas culturais vizinhas, mais amplas? Pensando nas sementes que fertilizam tais questionamentos - esboçados no passado, desde o peruano José Carlos Mariategui (1894-1930) - chega-se a Leopoldo Zea (1912-2004), pensador mexicano que mexeu de maneira decisiva com ideias estabelecidas sobre a projeção das antigas metrópoles europeias “criadas” nas colônias da América Latina. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: história; memória; oralidade; cultura. ABSTRACTOne of the most subtle present in the cultural panorama in times of globalization is about the impact of Latin America as polo authentic knowledge generator issues with its own contours. This statement refers to the prestige of the original arguments that characterize the local culture, Latin American, in the broad sense, because after all we ask: can one speak of a cultural mode Latin American? If so, the matter would have made? Would there be unity in the demonstrations expressed by culture coined by European standard? Along these lines, specific situations, such as the Colombian case, would have a direct relationship with neighboring cultural dynamics, wider? Thinking about the seed that fertilizes such questions - outlined in the past, since the Peruvian Jose Carlos Mariategui (1894-1930) - one comes to Leopoldo Zea (1912-2004), Mexican thinker who moved decisively to established ideas about projection of the ancient European cities "created" in the colonies in Latin America. KEYWORDS: History; memory; orality; culture. RESUMENUno de los más sutiles presentes en el panorama cultural en tiempos de globalización es sobre el impacto de América Latina como temas generadores de polo auténtico conocimiento con sus propios contornos. Esta afirmación se refiere al prestigio de los argumentos originales que caracterizan a la cultura local, latinoamericano, en el sentido amplio, porque después de todo nos preguntamos: ¿se puede hablar de un modo cultural de América Latina? Si es así, el asunto habría hecho? Habría unidad en las manifestaciones expresadas por la cultura acuñado por el estándar europeo? En este sentido, las situaciones particulares, como es el caso de Colombia, tendrían una relación directa con la dinámica cultural vecinos, en general? Pensando en la semilla que fecunda estas preguntas - se indica en el pasado, desde el peruano José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930) - uno llega a Leopoldo Zea (1912-2004), pensador mexicano que actuó con decisión a las ideas establecidas sobre la proyección las antiguas metrópolis europeas "creadas" en las colonias de América Latina. PALABRAS CLAVE: Historia; memoria; oralidad; cultura. Disponível em:Url:http://opendepot.org/2767/ Abrir em (para melhor visualização em dispositivos móveis - Formato Flipbooks):Issuu / Calameo

Download Full-text

Buena Vecindad y Populismo: El Caribe en las Relaciones Interamericanas de 1933 a 1946

Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas ◽

10.21057/repam.v10i2.22053 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Antonio Gaztambide-Géigel

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Foreign Relations ◽

Comparative Perspective ◽

Good Neighbor Policy ◽

The Us ◽

The Caribbean ◽

America Latina ◽

Good Neighbor ◽

The Impact

ResumenLa historiografía sobre la Política del Buen Vecino nos ha permitido distinguir dos períodos en las relaciones estadounidenses con América Latina entre 1933 y 1945. Se ha discutido poco, sin embargo, acerca del efecto de ese cambio sobre las políticas y en las relaciones. Tampoco se ha dicho mucho sobre las diferencias entre el contenido e impacto del Buen Vecino en el Caribe y en el resto del hemisferio. Aquí se abordan ambas dimensiones de las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y el Caribe vinculándolas a los desarrollos políticos internos en diversas sociedades de la región. Entre otras cosas, se manifiesta una tendencia a interpretar los cambios en el Caribe utilizando conceptos y teorías de los países centrales (como fascismo, comunismo, etcétera) y del contexto latinoamericano (como nacionalismo, populismo, Buen Vecino, antimperialismo, etcétera). Este trabajo intenta revisar la aplicación de las teorías y conceptos, adoptar una perspectiva más comparativa y abordar cada experiencia en sus propios términos.Palabras chaves: Caribe, EUA, Relaciones Interamericanas, populismo, Política de buena vencidad.Boa Vizinhança e Populismo: o Caribe nas relações interamericanas de 1933 a 1946.ResumoA historiografia da Política de Boa Vizinhança permitiu-nos distinguir dois períodos nas relações dos EUA com a América Latina entre 1933 e 1945. Tem sido discutido pouco, no entanto, o efeito dessa mudança sobre a política e as relações. Também não disse muito sobre as diferenças entre o conteúdo e o impacto da Boa Vizinhança no Caribe e em outras partes do hemisfério. Aqui ambas as dimensões das relações entre os EUA e o Caribe serão abordadas, relacionando-as aos desenvolvimentos políticos internos em várias sociedades da região. Entre outras coisas, há uma tendência para interpretar mudanças no Caribe, utilizando conceitos e teorias dos países centrais (como o fascismo, comunismo, etc.) e o contexto da América Latina (como o nacionalismo, o populismo, bom vizinho, anti-imperialismo, etc.). Este trabalho pretende revisar a aplicação de teorias e conceitos, adotando uma perspectiva comparativa, e abordar cada experiência em seus próprios termos.Palavras chaves: Caribe, EUA, relações interamericanas, populismo, Política da Boa Vizinhança.Good Neighbor Policy and Populism: Caribbean on Inter-American Relations between 1933 and 1946.AbstractThe historiography of the Good Neighbor Policy has enabled us to distinguish two periods in the US foreign relations with Latin America between 1933 and 1945. However, the effect of this change on the policy and relations has been under discussed. In addition, there is no much saying about the differences between the content and the impact of the Good Neighbor in the Caribbean and elsewhere in the hemisphere. In this article, both dimensions of relations between the US and the Caribbean are addressed, relating to the internal developments policies in various societies in the region. Among other things, there is a tendency to interpret changes in the Caribbean, using concepts and theories of the central countries (such as fascism, communism, etc.) and also the Latin American context (such as nationalism, populism, good neighbor, anti-imperialism, etc.). This paper aims to review the application of theories and concepts, adopting a comparative perspective, and approach each experience on their own terms.Keywords: Caribbean, USA, Inter-American Relations, Populism, Good Neighbor policy

Download Full-text

Análise do impacto dos gastos públicos sobre a pobreza na América Latina

Economia & Região ◽

10.5433/2317-627x.2019v7n2p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Éder de Souza Beirão ◽

Priscila Dias Alkimim ◽

Luiza Pimenta Guimarães ◽

Maria Elizete Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Impact Analysis ◽

Social Protection ◽

Public Expenditures ◽

Economic Commission ◽

Data Source ◽

America Latina ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Impact

Os países da América Latina vêm mantendo há décadas altos níveis de pobreza. Assim, o maior desafio para os governos destes países refere-se à definição das áreas em que se deve investir para uma redução efetiva do número de pobres. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetiva identificar o impacto dos gastos públicos nas áreas de educação, proteção social e saúde sobre a pobreza nos países da América Latina, tendo como base o período de 2007 a 2014. O trabalho utiliza uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, sendo embasado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo como fonte de dados a Bases de Datos y Publicaciones Estadísticas da CEPAL (CEPALSTAT) da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e Caribe (CEPAL). A análise do impacto é feita a partir de regressões com dados em painel. Os resultados obtidos são condizentes com boa parte da literatura, posto que apontam que o aumento do desempenho da atividade econômica (medido pelo PIB) é fundamental para a redução da pobreza, mas este deve vir acompanhado de um combate à desigualdade social. Os resultados demonstram também que apenas os gastos públicos com saúde foram significantes na redução da pobreza, o que pode sinalizar uma má alocação e/ou baixa qualidade dos demais gastos públicos analisados, isto é, gastos com educação e proteção social. AbstractThe countries of Latin America have been maintaining high levels of poverty for decades. Thus, the greatest challenge for the governments of these countries is the definition of the areas in which to invest to effectively reduce the number of poor. In this sense, the present study aims to identify the impact of public spending in the areas of education, social protection and health on poverty in the Latin American countries, based on the period from 2007 to 2014. The work uses a quantitative and descriptive approach, being based on bibliographical and documentary research, having as data source the Statistical Databases and Statistical Publications of CEPAL (CEPALSTAT) of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL). The impact analysis is based on panel data regressions. The results obtained are consistent with a good part of the literature, since they point out that the increase in the performance of economic activity (as measured by GDP) is fundamental for reducing poverty,but this must be accompanied by a fight against social inequality. The results also show that only public health expenditures were significant in reducing poverty, which may indicate a poor allocation and / or low quality of other public expenditures analyzed, that is, spending on education and social protection.Keywords: Public Expenditures; Poverty; Education; Social Protection; Health

Download Full-text

El Estado como Problema y Solución. Estado, Administración y Políticas Públicas Agravamiento de los Problemas de Latinoamérica

Estudios Latinoamericanos ◽

10.22267/rceilat.112829.72 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 103-134

Author(s):

José G. Vargas Hernández

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Public Administration ◽

Latin American ◽

Structural Adjustment ◽

Political Competition ◽

Institutional Development ◽

Big Brother ◽

Sociedad Civil ◽

America Latina ◽

The Impact

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el agravamiento de los problemas de la administración y las políticas públicas en el Estado latinoamericano para delinear las posibles soluciones. Desde una perspectiva histórica de análisis se inicia haciendo una revisión al sistema político, el constitucionalismo latinoamericano, la evolución de la política económica en América Latina y su impacto en el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo social principalmente en las crisis financieras y presidenciales latinoamericanas. También se analizan las generaciones de reformas del Estado enfatizando los programas de ajuste estructural, estabilización económica, apertura comercial, privatización, la política de competencia en la promoción de la competitividad y se determinan los grandes desafíos de América latina y el Caribe: Pobreza y desigualdad, democracia participativa, política social y modernización del Estado Social. Posteriormente se analiza el impacto de las reformas de la segunda generación: La reforma institucional del Estado y el desarrollo de las instituciones, descentralización, implantación y fortalecimiento de mecanismos de gobernabilidad. Finalmente se analiza el rol que tiene la sociedad civil y la tutela del hermano mayor en el agravamiento de los problemas del Estado, la administración y las políticas públicas.ABSTRACTThis paper has the aim to analyze the aggravating of problems in public administration and policies in the Latin American State to draw the possible solutions. From a historical perspective of analysis it begins reviewing the political system, the Latino American constitutionalism, the evolution of the economic policy in Latin America and its impact in the economic growth and social development mainly in the Latin American financial and presidential crisis. Also it analyzed the generations of State reforms emphasizing the structural adjustment programs, economic stabilization, commercial openness, and privatization and political competition in the promotion of competitiveness and it is determined the big challenges of Latin America and the Caribbean: Poverty and inequality, participative democracy, social policy and modernization of Social State. Later it is analyzed the impact of second generation reforms: The institutional State reform and institutional development, decentralization, implementing and strengthening of governance mechanisms. Finally it is analyzed the role that has the civil society and tutoring of the big brother in the aggravating of the State problems, public administration and policies.

Download Full-text

The Sovereign and its Shadow: Constituent Assembly and Indigenous Movement in Ecuador

Journal of Latin American Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022216x03006965 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 721-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

ROBERT ANDOLINA

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Latin American Politics ◽

Political Actors ◽

Constituent Assembly ◽

Institutional Politics ◽

Ideological Struggle ◽

Indigenous Movement ◽

The Impact ◽

Constitutive Principles

A crucial development in current Latin American politics is the growing involvement of indigenous movements in democracies grappling with the challenges of regime consolidation. This article examines how Ecuador's indigenous movement consecrated new rights and national constitutive principles in the 1997–8 constitutional assembly. It argues that the indigenous movement defined the legitimacy and purpose of the assembly through an ideological struggle with other political actors, in turn shaping the context and content of constitutional reforms in Ecuador. The article concludes that softening the boundary between ‘cultural politics’ and ‘institutional politics’ is necessary in order to understand the impact of social movements in Latin America.

Download Full-text

El dia que me quieras

Revista FAMECOS ◽

10.15448/1980-3729.2011.3.10377 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 685

Author(s):

Paulo Braz Clemencio Schettino

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Latin American ◽

Political Issue ◽

Latino Americans ◽

Theater Music ◽

America Latina ◽

Present Text ◽

Shed Light ◽

Viewing Experience

As lembranças que restaram amarelecidas e transformadas pelo decurso do tempo na memória consciente a partir da experiência de espectador das artes sonoras e imagéticas da pintura, do teatro, da música e do cinema sobre as questões da latinidade nas Américas em confronto com a vivência de idêntica problemática política nos dias atuais – 30 anos depois. Revisitação de um tempo passado em busca de sua atualidade, e análise comparada de quatro textos de categorias diferentes, abrigados sob um mesmo título – El Dia Que Me Quieras – em exercício de intertextualidade. A pesquisa que antecedeu o presente texto pretende ao menos compreender e se possível lançar luz sobre a questão da América Latina, Latinidade e Latino-americanos. Palavras-chave: América Latina; Colonialismo; Latinidade. “The day that you love me” Abstract: The memories that remain yellowed and turned the course of time in conscious memory from the viewing experience of sound and image arts of painting, theater, music and film on the issues of Latin civilization in the Americas in comparison with the experience of similar political issue today – 30 years later. A visitation of time spent in search of his current and comparative analysis of four texts of different categories, sheltered under the same title – El Dia Que Me Quieras – intertextuality in exercise. The research that preceded the present text intends to at least understand and can shed light on the question of Latin American, Latina and Latino Americans. Keywords: Latin America; Colonialism; Latinity.

Download Full-text

Una aproximación al constitucionalismo latinoamericano, características principales y nuevas tendencias // An approach to the Latin-American constitutionalism, main characteristics, and new trends.

Revista de Derecho Político ◽

10.5944/rdp.100.2017.20732 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (100) ◽

pp. 1239

Author(s):

Carlos Hakansson

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

French Revolution ◽

Latin American ◽

Comparative Law ◽

First Approximation ◽

The Common ◽

America Latina

Resumen:El presente trabajo es una primera aproximación a las diversas manifestacionesdel constitucionalismo en América Latina, a partir de algunas referencias comunes: Revolución Francesa, Derecho Comparado y alusiones a la modernidad. Summary:I. The common traits of the latin american constitutions. II. Content of the latin american constitutions. III. The degree of modernity of the latin american constitutions. IV. Constitutional trends. V. An approach to ibero-american presidential model. VI. Prospects for latin american constitutionalism.Abstract:The present paper is a first approximation on the diverse manifestations of the constitutionalism in Latin America, starting from some common references: French Revolution, Comparative Law, and allusions to modernity.

Download Full-text

Una reflexión sobre las raíces teórico-jurídicas del derecho de la competencia en Colombia

Justicia ◽

10.17081/just.19.26.821 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (26) ◽

Author(s):

Freddy Hernandez Collazos ◽

Edimer Latorre Iglesias

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Legal System ◽

Cultural Phenomenon ◽

America Latina ◽

The Impact

En el marco de la reflexividad, este artículo propone una analísis de las bases teoricas que le dan le dan un sustento deontológico al derecho de la competencia en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano; reconociendo el impacto de la globalización como un fenómeno cultural, inmerso en la economía de los diferentes países, el cual ha facilitado el intercambio continuo de productos, la competencia en los mercados, pero bajo ciertos requerimientos y restricciones que promuevan la calidad sin afectar la equidad en las relaciones de producción y permitan la intervención de organismos nacionales e internacionales, veedores de la eficacia, transparencia de las negociaciones y garantes de la proteccion de los derechos de los consumidores y sociedad en general. Para lograr tal objetivo, se plantearon metodologías hermenéuticas, basándose en el análisis del Derecho Económico y por último, se señalaron los desafíos del derecho de la competencia para América Latina. AbstractThis article searching to analyze the theories about deontical argument tothe competitive law, in the Colombia legal system, but it's must to think over the impact globalization cultural phenomenon, inside of the economic countries. Also, it's situation has allowed the echanged products' the competitive in the Market, buyt according to laws and others requirements and certify the quality, without damage the production relationals and it's easy the participation international and national institution, the care and protection the users andsociety right. Additionally, in this investigation for to obtain this objective to methodology interpretation it based in the Economy Law and the competition law's for Latin America.

Download Full-text

Monetary integration issues in Latin America: A multivariate assessment

Panoeconomicus ◽

10.2298/pan0803279a ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 279-308

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Allegret ◽

Alain Sand-Zantman

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Exchange Rate ◽

Business Cycles ◽

Latin American ◽

Monetary Union ◽

Monetary Integration ◽

Integration Process ◽

Common Shocks ◽

The Impact ◽

Latin American Countries

This paper assesses the monetary consequences of the Latin-American integration process. Over the period 1991-2007, we analyze a sample of five Latin-American countries focusing on the feasibility of a monetary union between L.A. economies. To this end, we study the issue of business cycle synchronization with the occurrence of common shocks. First, we assess the international disturbances influence on the domestic business cycles. Second, we analyze the impact of the adoption of different exchange rate regimes on the countries' responses to shocks. .

Download Full-text

Causas de la participación de la mujer en la guerrilla de América Latina

Estudios Latinoamericanos ◽

10.36447/estudios2006.v26.art6 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 105-122

Author(s):

Magdalena Śniadecka-Kotarska

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

20Th Century ◽

Latin American ◽

Political Transformation ◽

Armed Struggle ◽

Short Summary ◽

Participation Of Women ◽

The Social ◽

Militant Groups ◽

America Latina

The article was originally published without an abstract, short summary by Michal Gilewski The article studies what is causing women to join guerillas in Latin America. The participation of women in such militant groups started with the leftist guerillas of the second half of the 20th century. The article describes different backgrounds and different reasons for the women to join armed struggle groups. It also describes how women functioned in the social, ideological and biological dimensions of guerillas. Śniadecka-Kotarska suggests that, although the guerilla movement failed to achieve its goals of socio-political transformation of Latin American societies, it made an important contribution to the emancipation of women in these societies.

Download Full-text