scholarly journals Experimental substantiation of osteotransplant application in traumatic vertebral defects

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
V. V. Rerikh ◽  
Yu. A. Predein ◽  
A. M. Zaidman ◽  
A. D. Lastevsky ◽  
V.A. Bataev V.A. Bataev V.A. Bataev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Ray Density ◽  
Vertebral Defects

Objective. To analyze the features of bone tissue formation during plasty of vertebral body defect or fracture with an allogeneic bone graft in an experiment in vitro. Material and Methods. Models of the vertebral body defect (fracture of the cranioventral part with penetration into the nucleus pulposus) were created in an experiment on 20 mini-pigs of the same age. Plasty of traumatic defects was performed with allogeneic bone graft or autologous bone. CT, histological, and spectrometric studies of microscopic specimens were carried out at 14, 30, 90, and 180 day. Reparative osteogenesis, X-ray density, Ca and P content, and microhardness were studied. Results. After implantation of allogeneic bone graft, an organ-specific bone similar to the recipient’s bone in morphological structure, X-ray density, mineral composition and microhardness, was formed on the 90th day (P = 0.01). After transplantation of autobone, the regenerate formed by this day in the central part was in a phase of resorption and restructuring with lower indices of X-ray density, content of Ca and P, and microhardness (P = 0.01). Conclusion. Аfter plasty of vertebral body traumatic defects with allogeneic bone graft, the organ-specific bone tissue is formed at an earlier time and reliably exhibits greater mineralization and strength.

Bioactive Composite Materials for Bone Tissue Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 985-989
Author(s):  
B.J.M. Leite Ferreira ◽  
M.G.G.M. Duarte ◽  
M. Helena Gil ◽  
Rui N. Correia ◽  
J. Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Bioactivity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Scanning Electron

Two materials with potential application in bone tissue repair have been developed: 1) a non-biodegradable composite based in a new methacrylic-co-acrylic matrix; and 2) a biodegradable composite based in a chitosan (Ch) matrix. Both matrices were reinforced with glass-ceramic particles of composition (mol%) 70 SiO2 – 30 CaO. The in vitro bioactivity of composites was assessed by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for periods of up to 7 days at 37º C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used for deposit identification after different soaking periods. Calcium phosphate particulate deposits were detected after 3 days of immersion, followed by growth and maturation towards apatite.

Revision characteristics of cement-augmented, cannulatedfenestrated pedicle screws in the osteoporotic vertebral body: a biomechanical in vitro investigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Blattert ◽  
Stefan Glasmacher ◽  
Hans-Joachim Riesner ◽  
Christoph Josten
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Human Cadaver Model ◽  
Surrounding Bone ◽  
Severe Grade

In generalized osteoporosis, instrumentation with cement-augmented pedicle screws is an amplification of the therapeutic spectrum. Early clinical results are promising for both solid and cannulated screws; however, there are concerns regarding the revision characteristics of these screws, especially for the cannulated-fenestrated type with its continuous cement interconnection from the core of the screw to surrounding bone tissue. In a human cadaver model, bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed radiographically. Spinal levels T9–L4 were instrumented left unilaterally, transpedicularly by using cannulated-fenestrated pedicle screws with the dimensions 6.5 × 45 mm. Polymethylmethacrylate cement (1.5 ml) was injected through the screws into each vertebra. After polymerization of the cement, the extraction torque was recorded. For both implantation and explantation of the screws, a fluoroscope was used to guarantee correct screw and cement positioning and to observe possible co-movements—that is, any movement of the cement mass within the vertebral body upon removal of the screw. For comparison, the extraction torque of same-dimension pedicle screws was recorded in a nonosteoporotic, non–cement-augmented instrumentation. The BMD was 0.60 g/cm2, a level that corresponds to a severe grade of osteoporosis. For removal of the screws, the median and mean extraction torques were 34 and 49 ± 44 Ncm, respectively. No co-movements of the cement mass occurred within the vertebral body. In the nonosteoporotic control, BMD was 1.38 g/cm2. The median and mean extraction torques were 123 and 124 ± 12 Ncm, respectively. Thus, the revision characteristics of cement-augmented, cannulated-fenestrated pedicle screws are not problematic, even in cases of severe osteoporosis. The winglike cement interconnection between the screw core and surrounding bone tissue is fragile enough to break off in the event of an extraction torque and to release the screw. There is no proof to support the theoretical fear that while trying to remove a screw, the composite of screw and cement would not break but instead would rotate as a whole in the osteoporotic vertebral body.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Radiopacity of Bone Graft Materials used in Dentistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine S Kursun-Çakmak ◽  
Nihat Akbulut ◽  
Dogan D Öztas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Materials Used

ABSTRACT Introduction Ample radiopacity in order to distinguish from the surrounding tissues is a desirable property of dental graft materials. A total of 15 bone graft materials’ (BGMs) opacities were analyzed in this study. Materials and methods Graft materials were placed in the implant cavity (5 × 10 mm) in cadaver's mandible respectively. Cavity was exposed by using periapical film and a dental X-ray machine at 70 kVp and 8 mA. The optical density of the radiographic images was measured with a transmission densitometer. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for statistical analysis. Results Among the materials tested, the most radiolucent bone grafts were Grafton and Allogenix with a statistical significance of p ≥ 0.05. 4Bone and Bego Oss exhibited the highest radiopacity with a statistical significance of p ≥ 0.05. Inadequate radiopacity of the dental graft materials may lead to confusion among clinicians in the radiographical follow-up. Among 15 BGMs tested, only three had higher density than bone tissue. Conclusion The radiopacity of the BGM was found to be higher than bone at only three of them. How to cite this article Kursun-Çakmak ES, Akbulut N, Öztas DD. Comparative Evaluation of the Radiopacity of Bone Graft Materials used in Dentistry. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):150-155.

scholarly journals Silica-Polymer Composites as the Novel Antibiotic Delivery Systems for Bone Tissue Infection

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Skwira ◽  
Adrian Szewczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Konopacka ◽  
Monika Górska ◽  
Dorota Majda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Human Osteoblasts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mcm 41 ◽  
Antibiotic Delivery

Bone tissue inflammation, osteomyelitis, is commonly caused by bacterial invasion and requires prolonged antibiotic therapy for weeks or months. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop novel silica-polymer local bone antibiotic delivery systems characterized by a sustained release of ciprofloxacin (CIP) which remain active against Staphylococcus aureus for a few weeks, and do not have a toxic effect towards human osteoblasts. Four formulations composed of ethylcellulose (EC), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), freeze-dried CIP, and CIP-adsorbed mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41-CIP) were prepared via solvent-evaporation blending method. All obtained composites were characterized in terms of molecular structure, morphological, and structural properties by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in vitro antibiotic release. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility to human osteoblasts of obtained composites were also examined. Physicochemical results confirmed the presence of particular components (FTIR), formation of continuous polymer phase onto the surface of freeze-dried CIP or MCM-41-CIP (SEM/EDX), and semi-crystalline (composites containing freeze-dried CIP) or amorphous (composites containing MCM-41-CIP) structure (XRD). TGA and DSC analysis indicated the high thermal stability of CIP adsorbed onto the MCM-41, and higher after MCM-41-CIP coating with polymer blend. The release study revealed the significant reduction in initial burst of CIP for the composites which contained MCM-41-CIP instead of freeze-dried CIP. These composites were also characterized by the 30-day activity against S. aureus and the highest cytocompatibility to human osteoblasts in vitro.

scholarly journals A partially demineralized allogeneic bone graft: in vitro osteogenic potential and preclinical evaluation in two different intramembranous bone healing models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Tournier ◽  
Jérôme Guicheux ◽  
Arnaud Paré ◽  
Aymeric Maltezeanu ◽  
Thibaut Blondy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Allogenic Bone

AbstractIn skeletal surgical procedures, bone regeneration in irregular and hard-to-reach areas may present clinical challenges. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional autologous bone grafts and bone substitutes, an extrudable and easy-to-handle innovative partially demineralized allogenic bone graft in the form of a paste has been developed. In this study, the regenerative potential of this paste was assessed and compared to its clinically used precursor form allogenic bone particles. Compared to the particular bone graft, the bone paste allowed better attachment of human mesenchymal stromal cells and their commitment towards the osteoblastic lineage, and it induced a pro-regenerative phenotype of human monocytes/macrophages. The bone paste also supported bone healing in vivo in a guide bone regeneration model and, more interestingly, exhibited a substantial bone-forming ability when implanted in a critical-size defect model in rat calvaria. Thus, these findings indicate that this novel partially demineralized allogeneic bone paste that combines substantial bone healing properties and rapid and ease-of-use may be a promising alternative to allogeneic bone grafts for bone regeneration in several clinical contexts of oral and maxillofacial bone grafting.

Preparation and Characterization of Akermanite/Merwinite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Ansari ◽  
Farzad Malmir ◽  
Amir Salati
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Potential Use

The ceramics in the system CaO–MgO–SiO2 has recently attracted a great deal of attention because they display a good in vitro bioactivity and have potential use as bone implants. Biphasic calcium-magnesium-silicate ceramics were prepared by a sol-gel method. The dried gel with chemical composition 3CaO.MgO.2SiO2 was thermally treated at 1200 °C for 2 hrs. The structural behavior of the synthesized ceramics was examined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Merwinite crystalline phase and akermanite phase were recognized. Then, porous akermanite/merwinite scaffolds were prepared to utilize polymer sponge method and evaluated by employing SEM. Furthermore, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) adhesion and proliferation on the scaffolds were evaluated by MTT assay test. Differentiation of the cells was assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The results demonstrated that BMSC adhered and spread well on akermanite scaffolds and proliferated with the increase in the culture time, and the differentiation rate of osteoblasts on scaffolds was comparable to that on blank culture plate control. Thus, the obtained results presented that the akermanite/merwinite scaffolds deserve attention for bone tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals OPF/PMMA Cage System as an Alternative Approach for the Treatment of Vertebral Corpectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6912
Author(s):  
Asghar Rezaei ◽  
Hugo Giambini ◽  
Alan L. Miller ◽  
Xifeng Liu ◽  
Benjamin D. Elder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Kinematic Analyses ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Vertebral Defects

The spinal column is the most common site for bone metastasis. Vertebral metastases with instability have historically been treated with corpectomy of the affected vertebral body and adjacent intervertebral discs, and have more recently been treated with separation surgery. With demographics shifting towards an elderly population, a less-invasive surgical approach is necessary for the repair of vertebral defects. We modified a previously reported expandable hollow cage composed of an oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) containment system that could be delivered via a posterior-only approach. Then, the polymer of interest, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, was injected into the lumen of the cage after expansion to form an OPF/PMMA cage. We compared six different cage formulations to account for vertebral body and defect size, and performed a cage characterization via expansion kinetics and mechanical testing evaluations. Additionally, we investigated the feasibility of the OPF/PMMA cage in providing spine stability via kinematic analyses. The in-vitro placement of the implant using our OPF/PMMA cage system showed improvement and mechanical stability in a flexion motion. The results demonstrated that the formulation and technique presented in the current study have the potential to improve surgical outcomes in minimally invasive procedures on the spine.

Vertebral Body Compressive Strength Evaluated by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Hounsfield Units In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Mi ◽  
Kang Li ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Chang-Qing Zhao ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Synthesis of borate modified bioactive glass scaffold using PVP burning-out method for bone tissue replacement

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4044-4049 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Replacement ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Ft Ir

Three-dimensional (3D) bioactive glass scaffolds are one of the most studied types of scaffolds for bone tissue replacement because of their excellent bioactivity and potential for stimulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In the present study, modified Hench- based bioglass was fabricated by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) burning-out method for producing porous scaffold. In vitro investigation of the scaffolds’ bioactivity was achieved through examining changes in its composition during exposing to physiological simulated body fluid (SBF) solution via Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) supported by Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). FT-IR spectral data was used to validate the formation of hydroxyapatite as an indication of the bioactivity potential of the studied scaffold post incubation in SBF. The prepared samples were examined by XRD to recognize the crystalline phase/phases that may formed after immersion in physiological solutions and supported via (SEM/EDX) data.

scholarly journals Silicate/zinc-substituted strontium apatite coating improves the osteoinductive properties of β-tricalcium phosphate bone graft substitute

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Sugimoto ◽  
Yusuke Inagaki ◽  
Akira Furukawa ◽  
Tsutomu Kira ◽  
Sachiko Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Apatite Coating

Abstract Background β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a popular synthetic bone graft substitute with excellent osteoconductive properties and bioabsorbability. However, its osteoinductive properties are inferior to those of autologous or allogeneic bone. Trace elements such as strontium (Sr), silica (Si), and zinc (Zn) have been reported to promote osteogenesis in materials. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a Si/Zn-substituted Sr apatite coating of β-TCP could enhance osteoinductive properties. Methods The apatite-coated β-TCP disks were prepared using nanoparticle suspensions of silicate-substituted Sr apatite (SrSiP) or silicate- and Zn-co-substituted Sr apatite (SrZnSiP). Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) from rat femur were cultured and subsequently seeded at a density of 1.0 × 106/cm2 onto apatite-coated and non-coated β-TCP disks. In vitro, the β-TCP disks were then placed in osteogenic medium, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured from supernatants after culture for 2 days. Additionally, after culture for 14 days, the mRNA expression of genes encoding osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated by qRT-PCR. In vivo, the β-TCP disks were transplanted subcutaneously into rats that were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Then, the harvested disks were evaluated biochemically (ALP activity, OC content, mRNA expression of OC, ALP, BMP-2, and VEGF measured by qRT-PCR), radiologically, and histologically. Results Significantly higher mRNA expression of almost all evaluated osteogenic and angiogenic genes was observed in the SrZnSiP and SrSiP groups than in the non-coated group, with no significant cytotoxicity elicited by the apatite coating in vitro. Moreover, in vivo, the SrZnSiP and SrSiP groups showed significantly higher osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression and higher ALP activity and OC content than the non-coated group (P < 0.05). Radiological and histopathological findings revealed abundant bone formation in the apatite-coated group. Conclusions Our findings indicate that apatite coating of β-TCP improves osteoinductive properties without inducing significant cytotoxicity.

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