scholarly journals Utilization of Rice Husk Cellulose as a Magnetic Nanoparticle Biocomposite Fiber Source for the Absorption of Manganese (Mn2+) Ions in Peat Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Zacky Effendi ◽  
Yudhi Christian Hariady ◽  
Muhammad Daffa Salaahuddin ◽  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste that contains cellulose. Rice husk fiber (RHF) can be used as a source of fiber in the manufacture of magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite used as an adsorbent and evaluate its performance on the adsorption of  Mn2+ ions and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) in peat water. Rice husk fiber was delignified to eliminate lignin levels. Furthermore, the biocomposite was made through the solvothermal method with and without the addition of hexanediamine. The products produced are two types of adsorbents, namely magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite with an amino group (RHB-MH) and rice husk fiber biocomposite without an amino group (RHB-M). These biocomposites were used to adsorb Mn2+ ions in peat water. Evaluations were carried out at pH 5, 6, 7, and 8 with an optimum adsorption time of 60 minutes. The solutions at the time of adsorption were evaluated to determine the optimum conditions of the adsorption process carried out. The observation of magnetic nanoparticle biocomposite based on the analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows magnetic nanoparticles formed on the surface of rice husk fiber with a diameter of 30-50 nm. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the delignification of rice husk increased Crystallinity Index (CrI) by 64.98% and reduced silica content by 78%. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrometer show absorption peak at 570 cm-1 for Fe-O bonds and Fe3O4 peak around 1627 cm−1, indicating the presence of N-H bending. The optimum condition for Mn2+ adsorption was achieved at pH 5 and 60-minutes duration with an adsorption capacity of 54.7 mg/g and 190.78 mg/g for RHB-M and RHB-MH. The TSS reduction achieved the effectiveness of 60.2% and 90.3% for BSP-M and BSP-MH, respectively.

Development of Ternary Concrete Utilizing Agricultural Waste Material

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Kumari ◽  
Dhirendra Singhal ◽  
Rinku Walia ◽  
Ajay Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Maize Cob

Abstract The present project proposes to utilize rice husk and maize cob husk ash in the cement to mitigate the adverse impact of cement on environment and to enhance the disposal of waste in a sustainable manner. Ternary concrete / MR concrete was prepared by using rise husk and maize cob ash with cement. For the present project, five concrete mixes MR-0 (Control mix), MR-1 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-2 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-5%), MR-3 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-4 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%) were prepared. M35 concrete mix was designed as per IS 10262:2009 for low slump values 0-25mm. The purpose is to find the optimum replacement level of cement in M35 grade ternary concrete for I – Shaped paver blocks.In order to study the effects of these additions, micro-structural and structural properties test of concretes have been conducted. The crystalline properties of control mix and modified concrete are analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that 10% Rice husk ash and 5% maize cob ash replaced with cement produce a desirable quality of ternary concrete mix having good compressive strength. The results of SEM analysis indicated that the morphology of both concrete were different, showing porous structure at 7 days age and become unsymmetrical with the addition of ashes. After 28 day age, the control mix contained more quantity of ettringite and became denser than ternary concrete. XRD analysis revealed the presence of portlandite in large quantity in controlled mix concrete while MR concrete had the partially hydrated particle of alite.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Bionanofiller Dari Limbah Padi Sebagai Alternatif Penguatan Pada Polimer Komposit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eryani . ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Farid Mulana
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Mechanical Properties Characterization

<p>Agricultural waste such as rice straw, rice husk and rice husk ash have not been utilized properly. This waste of agricultural produce can actually be used as an alternative to bionanofiller because it contains an excellent source of silica. The silica content contained in the rice waste when combined with the polymer matrix can produce composites having high thermal and mechanical properties. Characterization of bionanofiller from this rice waste is done by SEM, XRF, FTIR, XRD and particle density. The result of SEM analysis from this rice waste is feasible to be used as filler because it has size 1 μm. Likewise with the results of XRF analysis that rice waste contains a high enough silica component that is 80.6255% - 89.83%. FTIR test results also show that bionanoparticles from rice waste have the same content of silica. In the XRD analysis the best selective gain of rice waste is found in rice husk ash which is characteristic of amorp silica at a range of 2ϴ = 22<br />. The largest density analysis of paddy waste was found in rice husk 0.0419 gr / cm , followed by rice straw by of 0.0417 gr / cm 3 and rice hulk ash 0.0407 g / cm 3</p>

The Characteristic of Synthesized Zeolite Rice Husk Particles via Different Routes

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurafiqah Rosman ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Ageing Time ◽  
Hydrothermal Condition ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
In Situ Extraction ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Field Emission Microscopy

Zeolite particles were synthesized through in-situ extraction of silica from rice husk ash without seeding method in the absence of organic template by a static hydrothermal condition at 100oC/24h at varied ageing 8-24h. The effect of amorphous silica content on ageing time of synthesis products was evaluated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and field emission microscopy (FESEM). The present of zeolite Y without seeding method by XRD analysis show a mixture of zeolite A, Y and P. The transformation of amorphous rice husk particle gradually increased as early at 8 hours in ageing and increased with increase in ageing reaction. The vibration bands at around 974 cm-1 indicated Si-OH vibrations of the surface silanols, which is the characteristic of mesoporous silica. The FESEM images showed cubic-shaped morphology of the powders increased with increase in ageing reaction.

scholarly journals Improved glucose recovery from durian peel by alkaline-catalyzed steam pretreatment

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12026
Author(s):  
Abraham Kusi Obeng ◽  
Duangporn Premjet ◽  
Siripong Premjet
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pretreatment Condition ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Glucose Recovery

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) peel, as agricultural waste, is a potential under-utilized lignocellulosic biomass that is sufficiently available in Thailand. In this study, durian peel from monthong (D. zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong) and chanee (D.zibethinus Murr. cv. Chanee) were subjected to pretreatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under autoclaving conditions to improve glucose recovery. The effect of NaOH concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and autoclave temperature (110 °C, 120 °C, and 130 °C) was investigated based on the amount of glucose recovered. The optimal NaOH concentration and autoclave temperature were determined to be 2% and 110 °C, respectively, under which maximum glucose (36% and 35% in monthong and chanee peels, respectively) was recovered. Glucose recovery was improved by about 6-fold at the optimal pretreatment condition for both pretreated monthong and chanee when compared to the untreated durian peels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed great changes to the surface morphology of pretreated durian peel from the two cultivars. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also revealed a rise in cellulose crystallinity index (CrIs) after pretreatment. A combination of mild NaOH concentration and autoclaving is a very effective pretreatment technique for maximum glucose recovery from durian peel.

Effects of Hydrothermal Duration on Synthesized Zeolite Rice Husk Particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Nurafiqah Rosman ◽  
Zawati Harun
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Hydrothermal Condition ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
In Situ Extraction ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Field Emission Microscopy

Zeolite particles were synthesized through in-situ extraction of silica from rice husk ash without seeding method in the absence of organic template by a static hydrothermal condition at various duration for 8, 12, and 24h. The effect amorphous silica content on hydrothermal duration of synthesis products was evaluated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission microscopy (FESEM). The present of zeolite Y without seeding method via XRD analysis show a mixture of zeolite A, Y and P. The transformation of amorphous rice husk particle was increased gradually with the increased of hydrothermal reaction. The FESEM images showed agglomerated cubic-shaped morphology of the powders with increase in crystallization reaction. .

scholarly journals Effects of Sintering Temperature Variation on Synthesis of Glass-Ceramic Phosphor Using Rice Husk Ash as Silica Source

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5413
Author(s):  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdul Wahab ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid ◽  
Sidek Hj. Ab Aziz ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori ◽  
Yap Wing Fen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Quenching Method

In this study, the authors attempted to propose the very first study on fabrication and characterization of zinc-boro-silicate (ZBS) glass-ceramics derived from the ternary zinc-boro-silicate (ZnO)0.65(B2O3)0.15(RHA)0.2 glass system through a conventional melt-quenching method by incorporating rice husk ash (RHA) as the silica (SiO2) source, followed by a sintering process. Optimization of sintering condition has densified the sintered samples while embedded beta willemite (β-Zn2SiO4) and alpha willemite (α-Zn2SiO4) were proven in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has shown the distribution of willemite crystals in rhombohedral shape crystals and successfully form closely-packed grains due to intense crystallization. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of all sintered ZBS glasses presented various emission peaks at 425, 463, 487, 531, and 643 nm corresponded to violet, blue, green, and red emission, respectively. The correlation between the densification, phase transformation, microstructure, and photoluminescence of Zn2SiO4 glass-ceramic phosphor is discussed in detail.

Experimental Investigation of Surface Modified Abaca Fibre

2020 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnivesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Harendra Kumar Narang ◽  
Somnath Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Modified

Natural fibres have gained popularity due to their use in fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites which are not only non-polluting but are also light weight and inexpensive. Abaca fibres are known for their remarkable properties for which their polymer composites are used in automotive applications. However, hydrophilicity and compatibility with polymer matrices are the two major drawbacks of natural fibres which restrict their use as reinforcements in polymer composites. Therefore, present study deals with the surface modifications of abaca fibre using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide solutions to enhance crystallinity and reduce hydrophilicity of abaca fibres. Further, the surfaces of untreated and treated fibre were investigated with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Surface treatment of abaca fibre led to the removal of unwanted wax, and other amorphous materials which was confirmed through FTIR analysis. Crystallinity index was found to be 57%, 59% and 61% for untreated, NaOH treated and KMnO4 treated abaca fibre respectively.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF WOUND-HEALING KERATIN HYDROGELS USING CHICKEN FEATHERS PROTEINS AND ITS PROPERTIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyaah Kumaran ◽  
Arun Gupta ◽  
Swati Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Chicken Feather ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chicken Feathers

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>A novel cross-linked keratin hydrogel was prepared by integrating keratin from chicken feather into an aloe-vera, Chitosan and honey based dressing formulation separately.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Keratin fibres extracted from chicken feathers are eco-friendly, non-abrasive, biodegradable, insoluble in organic solvents and having good mechanical properties, hydrophobic behaviour, low density and finally cheap. Keratin based hydrogels were prepared with five types of ingredients and studied for their wound healing properties. The analysis of keratin-based hydrogel was done by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>Keratinocytes containing keratin travel from the wound border to initiate the process of healing. The characteristics of keratin-based hydrogel derived from chicken feather made it an effective wound care therapeutic product. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the crystallinity index in between 30-50% of the hydrogen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>The test for swelling and solubility were carried out on the hydrogen to determine the solid content and water absorbance capacity. Overall, this product is safe to use as an effective wound healing product with appropriate properties. </p>

scholarly journals POTENSI HAYATI SERAT PURUN TIKUS (ELEOCHARIS DULCIS) DALAM PROSES ADSORPSI KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT MERKURI (Hg), TSS DAN COD PADA LIMBAH CAIR PERTAMBANGAN EMAS

Konversi ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Ardiansyah Ardiansyah ◽  
Naisya Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Solvothermal Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

Abstrak- Aktivitas pertambangan emas di Kalimantan berpotensi menghasilkan limbah yang termasuk dalam Bahan Beracun Berbahaya (B3) seperti merkuri. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi pencemaran ini salah satunya adalah dengan metode adsorpsi. Serat purun tikus mengandung selulosa yang cukup tinggi yaitu sekitar 40,92% sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai adsorben. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari kemampuan serat purun tikus sebagai adsorben alami, mempelajari proses pengolahan biokomposit serat purun tikus dengan material nanopartikel besi oksida,dan mengetahui pengaruh hasil penambahan nanopartikel besi oksida untuk membuat biokomposit serat purun tikus dalam upaya menurunkan kandungan logam berat Hg, Total Suspended Solid (TSS)dan Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) pada limbah cair pertambangan emas. Serat purun tikus (PT) didelignifikasi menggunakan larutan 1% NaOH kemudian PT-D ini dibuat menjadi biokomposit dengan magnet besi oksida nanopartikel menggunakan metode one-pot solvothermal reaction. Biokomposit ini divariasi menjadi dua jenis yaitu tanpa penambahan gugus amina (PT-M) dan dengan penambahan gugus amina (PT-MA). Karakterisasi yang dilakukan terdiri dari uji Scanning Electron Microscopic(SEM) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Proses adsorpsi dilakukan selama 8 jam dengan kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm. Analisa setelah adsorpsi menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) untuk uji kadar Hg, metode titrimetri untuk COD, dan metode gravimetri untuk TSS.Hasil adsorpsi merkuri (Hg), COD, dan TSS paling optimum pada pH 7 dengan keefektifan masing-masing sebesar 65,04%, 80%, dan 81,25%. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum PT-D, PT-M, dan PT-MA terhadap Hg masing-masing sebesar 6,504 mg/g, 6,984 mg/g, dan 6,911 mg/g. Penambahan magnet besi oksida nanopartikel dapat memperbesar kemampuan adsorben serat purun tikus. Kata Kunci : adsorpsi, biokomposit, merkuri, PT, COD, TSSAbstract- Activity of gold mining in Kalimantan potentially can give waste that include into  “Bahan Beracun Berbahaya (B3)” such as mercury. An effort to make out this  contamination is adsorption method. Eleocharis dulcis contain high amount of cellulose, about 40,92% so it can be used as an adsorbent. The purpose of this research are studying the capability of eleocharis dulcis as a natural adsorbent, studying the process of biocomposite making from eleocharis dulcis with iron oxide nanoparticle, and studying  the influent of result iron oxide nanoparticle added to biocomposite in order to make a lower amount of heavy metal mercury (Hg), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in waste water of gold mining. Eleocharis dulcis (PT) through     delignification process use 1% NaOH solution and then  the PT-D is made to become biocomposite with iron oxide nanoparticle apply “one-pot solvothermal reaction” method. The biocomposite have two variation: without amina cluster added (PT-M)  and with amina cluster added (PT-MA). It’s characterization are consist of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Adsorption process is applied for 8 hours with mixing rate is 150 rpm. Analysis after adsorption process including three methods: AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) method for Hg analysis, titrimetric method for COD, and gravimetric method for TSS.  The result of adsorption process for mercury (Hg), COD, and TSS are optimally at pH 7 which the value of their effectiveness are 65,04%,  80%, and 81,25%. The maximum amount of Hg  adsorption capacity for PT-D, PT-M, and PT-MA respectively are 6,504 mg/g, 6,984 mg/g, and 6,911 mg/g. The addition of iron oxide nanoparticle can increase adsorben capability of eleocharis dulcis. Keywords : adsorption, biocomposite, mercury, PT, COD, TSS

Bioglasses in the SiO2-CaO-P2O5 System

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 1063-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costel Birsan ◽  
Cristina Ghitulica ◽  
Ecaterina Andronescu ◽  
Cristina Ionita ◽  
Mihaela Birsan
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Serum ◽  
P2o5 System

The aim of the study was the synthesis and characterization of bioactive osteoinductive glasses, in the SiO2 – CaO – P2O5 system. In order to maintain the bioactive character of bioglasses, for SiO2 contents higher than 60%, the sol – gel method was used for preparation. On the obtained powders, thermal, grain size and X - ray diffraction analysis were performed. The X - ray diffraction emphasized the formation of phosphate phases, whose proportion decreases as the silica content is increased. Later, the powders were thermally treated at temperatures between 1000 and 14000C, the phase composition evolution being monitored through XRD analysis. On the powder suspensions in physiological serum, the evolution of pH was investigated, in order to establish the chemical stability. The behavior of the obtained powders in physiological medium was studied, by immersing samples in simulated body fluid and excerpted after different periods of time.

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