scholarly journals Frequency of Neonatal Hypoglycemia in Large for Gestational Age Infants of Non-Diabetic Mothers in a Community Maternity Hospital

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilgun Araz ◽  
Mustafa Araz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Large for gestational age (LGA) infants are at increased risk for hypoglycemia. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of neonatal hypoglycemia in LGA infants of non-diabetic mothers in a Community Maternity Hospital in Gaziantep, Turkey. Hospital records of 5229 infants of non-diabetic mothers were examined retrospectively. Newborns with birth weight more than 4000 g were defined as LGA. The control group consisted of 100 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns. Capillary blood glucose was measured at the second hour of life. Glucose values lower than 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) were defined as hypoglycemia. Ninety-six (1.8%) of the 5229 infants were found to be LGA. The mean capillary glucose levels of the LGA newborns were significantly lower than those of the AGA newborns (54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) vs. 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L), p<0.0001). Neonatal hypoglycemia was established in 16 of 96 LGA infants (16.7%). In the control group hypoglycemia was absent. The rate of hypoglycemia in LGA infants was significantly higher than the rate in the AGA infants (p=0.0000). As hypoglycemia is not rare in LGA infants and can have serious consequences, blood glucose levels should be screened routinely in LGA infants.

scholarly journals Incidence of hypoglycaemia within 72 hours after birth in low birth weight babies who are appropriate for gestational age

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
M. Amarendra ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Sethi ◽  
V. Prudhviraju Pericherla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a very common metabolic disorder which is due to inability to maintain a normal glucose homeostasis. The most effective method of preventing hypoglycemia is early breast feeding which is preferred to formula feeding. Therefore, author conducted this study to document incidence of hypoglycemia both symptomatic and asymptomatic in exclusively fed with breast milk, low birth weight neonates who are appropriate for gestational age. Aims and objectives of this study was to determine incidence of hypoglycaemia in first 72 hrs of life in low birth weight neonates (1500-2499gm) who are appropriate for gestational age and who are exclusively fed with breast milk.Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted in between December 2015 to November 2017 in which 150 consecutive neonates with a birth weight between 1500 to 2499 grams and appropriate for gestational age, being fed exclusively with breast milk were studied.Results: Out of 150 neonates, 36 (24%) developed one episode of hypoglycemia, 14 (9.4%) newborns had recurrent episodes while 13 (8.66%), and 1 (0.7%) newborn had two and three episodes of hypoglycemia respectively. Applying a cut-off of blood glucose level of 40 mg/dl, the incidence of hypoglycemia was 24%. The less is the gestational age there is higher chance of occurrence of hypoglycemia. PIH is the most common maternal risk factor for neonatal hypoglycemia. Incidence of hypoglycemia is highest during the first 24hrs after birth and jitteriness is the most common symptom of neonatal hypoglycemia.Conclusions: Healthy new-borns in postnatal wards can be exclusively breastfed, but there is needing to closely monitor their blood glucose levels at least in first 72 hrs and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in new-borns can be managed with frequent breastfeeding without any formula feeds.

Hyperbilirubinemia in Infants of Diabetic Mothers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-419
Author(s):  
Keith J. Peevy ◽  
Stephen A. Landaw ◽  
Steven J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Large for gestational age (LGA) infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers (IDM), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) IDM, and infants of nondiabetic mothers were compared for the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and related etiologic factors. At 60 hours of age, LGA IDM had significantly higher serum bilirubin concentrations (12.3 ± 2.1 mg/100 ml) than AGA IDM (7.6 ± 3.9 mg/100 ml) or control infants (7.8 ± 2.8 mg/100 ml) (P &lt; .001). Peak serum bilirubin concentrations were also significantly higher in LGA IDM (14.4 ± 2.1 mg/100 ml) than in AGA IDM (8.4 ± 3.7 mg/100 ml) or control infants (8.6 ± 3.3 mg/100 ml) (P &lt; .001). Mean percent of carboxyhemoglobin was used as an indicator of hemolysis and showed a significant elevation in LGA IDM (1.51 ± 0.19) when compared to AGA IDM (1.10 ± 0.27) and control infants (1.19 ± 0.33) (P &lt; .05). No significant differences were found among the three groups with respect to mode of delivery, frequency of pitocin administration, 5-minute Apgar scores, incidence of isoimmunization, incidence of enclosed hemorrhage, hemoglobin concentration, bilirubin concentrations at 12 hours, and percent of weight loss. Our data suggest that only LGA IDM are at increased risk for hyperbilirubinemia and that increased heme turnover is a significant factor in the pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Large-for-gestational-age phenotypes and obesity risk in adulthood: a study of 195,936 women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. B. Derraik ◽  
Sarah E. Maessen ◽  
John D. Gibbins ◽  
Wayne S. Cutfield ◽  
Maria Lundgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhile there is evidence that being born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) is associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life, the data are conflicting. Thus, we aimed to examine the associations between proportionality at birth and later obesity risk in adulthood. This was a retrospective study using data recorded in the Swedish Birth Register. Anthropometry in adulthood was assessed in 195,936 pregnant women at 10–12 weeks of gestation. All women were born at term (37–41 weeks of gestation). LGA was defined as birth weight and/or length ≥2.0 SDS. Women were separated into four groups: appropriate-for-gestational-age according to both weight and length (AGA – reference group; n = 183,662), LGA by weight only (n = 4,026), LGA by length only (n = 5,465), and LGA by both weight and length (n = 2,783). Women born LGA based on length, weight, or both had BMI 0.12, 1.16, and 1.08 kg/m2 greater than women born AGA, respectively. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) of obesity was 1.50 times higher for those born LGA by weight and 1.51 times for LGA by both weight and height. Length at birth was not associated with obesity risk. Similarly, women born LGA by ponderal index had BMI 1.0 kg/m2 greater and an aRR of obesity 1.39 times higher than those born AGA. Swedish women born LGA by weight or ponderal index had an increased risk of obesity in adulthood, irrespective of their birth length. Thus, increased risk of adult obesity seems to be identifiable from birth weight and ignoring proportionality.

Perinatal outcome in diabetic mothers with relation to glycemic control during pregnancy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 382-386
Author(s):  
Jawaria Rasheed ◽  
Saira Isa ◽  
Faizza Rasheed ◽  
Kashif Siddiq ◽  
Zahida Saqlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Objective: To determine the frequency of perinatal outcomes (macrosomia, large for gestational age, birth asphyxia) in pregnant diabetic women with low and high plasma glucose levels between 36-40 weeks. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, DHQ Hospital, Lodhran. Period: 2017 to 2019. Material & Methods: Total 285 diabetic women of age 25-40 years with singleton pregnancy of gestational age 36-40 weeks were selected. Patients with multiple pregnancies, GDM, renal disease and hypertension were excluded. Plasma glucose levels (fasting & 2 hour post-prandial) measured and mean values (fasting + postprandial/2) calculated. The mean values falling between 100-139 mg/dl were taken as low plasma glucose level where as ≥140 mg/dl noted as high plasma glucose level. The perinatal outcomes (macrosomia, large for gestational age, birth asphyxia) were assessed at the time of delivery. Results: Mean age was 29.44 ± 6.01 years. Mean plasma glucose levels were 109.77 ± 6.81 mg/dl. Perinatal outcome i.e. macrosomia, large for gestational age infants and birth asphyxia was found in 7.72%, 27.37% and 22.81% respectively. In this study that pregnant women with mean plasma glucose of 100-139 mg/dl showed frequency of macrosomia by 3.59%, large for gestational age 16.17% and birth asphyxia 14.35% while women with mean plasma glucose of ≥140 mg/dl showed frequency of macrosomia by 13.56%, large for gestational Age 43.22% and birth asphyxia 34.75%. Conclusion: Pregnant diabetic women with high plasma glucose levels have significantly high percentage of large for gestational age, birth asphyxia and macrosomia as compared to diabetic mothers with low plasma blood glucose levels. Consider diabetic mothers at risk and implement efficacious treatment in order to reduce the perinatal complications.

scholarly journals Glycemic Excursions in Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Semiparametric Statistical Approach to Identify Sensitive Time Points during Gestation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resmi Gupta ◽  
Jane Khoury ◽  
Mekibib Altaye ◽  
Lawrence Dolan ◽  
Rhonda D. Szczesniak
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Delivery Outcome ◽  
Glucose Levels

Aim.To examine the gestational glycemic profile and identify specific times during pregnancy that variability in glucose levels, measured by change in velocity and acceleration/deceleration of blood glucose fluctuations, is associated with delivery of a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) baby, in women with type 1 diabetes.Methods.Retrospective analysis of capillary blood glucose levels measured multiple times daily throughout gestation in women with type 1 diabetes was performed using semiparametric mixed models.Results.Velocity and acceleration/deceleration in glucose levels varied across gestation regardless of delivery outcome. Compared to women delivering LGA babies, those delivering babies appropriate for gestational age exhibited significantly smaller rates of change and less variation in glucose levels between 180 days of gestation and birth.Conclusions.Use of innovative statistical methods enabled detection of gestational intervals in which blood glucose fluctuation parameters might influence the likelihood of delivering LGA baby in mothers with type 1 diabetes. Understanding dynamics and being able to visualize gestational changes in blood glucose are a potentially useful tool to assist care providers in determining the optimal timing to initiate continuous glucose monitoring.

IGF-II expression and methylation in small for gestational age infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulian Zhang ◽  
Guanpeng Zhai ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Wenjing Shi ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

AbstractLow birth weight is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in many diseases in adult life. We investigated the expression of IGF-II and the status of differentially methylated regions (DMR) in small for gestational age (SGA) infants after birth.Plasma IGF-II, IGF-II receptor (IGF2R), IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels were measured after birth in 150 newborn infants. These included 30 term appropriate for gestational age (AGA), 30 term SGA, 30 term large for gestational age (LGA), 30 preterm AGA, and 30 preterm SGA infants.Plasma IGF-II levels after birth were lower in both term SGA (435.1±33.82 vs. 620.4±44.79, p=0.002) and LGA infants (483.7±33.8 vs. 620.42±44.79, p=0.018) than in term AGA infants. The expression ofIGF-II was associated with birth weight and expressed at high levels, which suggests that IGF-II may continue to play an important role after birth.

scholarly journals Glycemic status of infants of diabetic mothers; a study at the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1626-1632
Author(s):  
Abdur Rehman ◽  
Waqas Imran Khan ◽  
Ahmad Iqbal Quddusi ◽  
Aashee Nadeem ◽  
Nazia Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Objective: To find out the frequency of hypoglycemia among infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and factors affecting it. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan. Period: September 2019 t0 June 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 186 IDMs admitted to department of neonatology during the study period were enrolled. Bed side blood glucose (BG) was measured using “Accu Chek Performa Blood Glucose Meter” at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours of life. All IDMs (Infants of Diabetic Mothers) were labeled either gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or pre GDM (pre-GDM). IDMs noted to have hypoglycemia during 1st 24 hours of life were described as hypoglycemic and others were labeled as normoglycemic IDMs. Results: Hypoglycemia was noted among 77 (41.4%) IDMs. Duration of disease was significantly more among mothers of hypoglycemic infants (27.62+28.8months vs. 19.69+24.41 months, p=0.0444). Significantly more large for gestational age (LGA) IDMs were found to be hypoglycemic in comparison to normoglycaemic ones (32.5% vs. 16.5%, p=0.0110). Among a total of 77 IDMs noted to have hypoglycemia, 34 (44.1%) were born to mothers who had GDM while remaining 43 (55.9%) were born to pre-GDM mothers. Significantly more IDMs were preterm among pre-GDM mothers when compared to GDM mothers (53.5% vs. 23.5%, p=0.0077). Conclusion: Hypoglycemia is frequent problem among IDMs. Increased duration of diabetes among mothers, LGA as well as preterm IDMs are found to have significantly increased risk of developing hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals To evaluate the effect of neostigmine on blood glucose levels in euglycemic albino rats through OGTT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2038
Author(s):  
Suresha R. N. ◽  
Siddamma Amoghimath ◽  
Jayanthi M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Capillary Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) consists of a group of syndromes characterised by hyperglycaemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and an increased risk of complications from vascular disease. There are genetic and environmental components that affect the risk of developing either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Twelve Swiss albino rats weighing around 150-200gmsof either sex were randomly selected from the central animal facility, JSSMC, Mysore and divided into two groups. The control group received distilled water (25ml/kg body wt.) per orally, test group received Neostigmine (0.5mg/kg/day) per orally for 5 days. On the fifth day, following overnight fasting, 1 hour after drug administration in all the group of rats OGTT was performed, by administering oral glucose in dose of 0.6gm/kg body weight. The capillary blood glucose level was measured at 0, 60 and 150 minutes, by rat tail snipping method using (ACCUCHEK) glucometer.Results: The Capillary Blood Glucose levels of Neostigmine group was less when compared to control group at all-time intervals.Conclusions: Neostigmine showed the hypoglycemic activity when given for 5 days orally in euglycemic albino rats through OGTT.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the selected parameters of the fetal diastolic functions in normally grown or macrosomic fetuses of gestational diabetic mothers with poor glycaemic control

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Seçil Karaca Kurtulmus ◽  
Ebru Sahin Gülec ◽  
Mustafa Sengül
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Ductus Venosus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Poor Glycaemic Control ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the third trimester fetal cardiac diastolic function measured by selected conventional Doppler indices is affected in appropriate-for-gestational-age or macrosomic fetuses of gestational diabetic mothers with poor glycaemic control. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 93 pregnant women divided into two groups. Group 1 included 45 appropriate-for-gestational-age or macrosomic fetuses from gestational diabetic mothers with poor glycaemic control (study group). Group 2 included 48 appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses from gestational age-matched healthy mothers (control group). Functional fetal cardiac parameters and fetoplacental Doppler parameters were measured. Data were compared between the two groups. Results: Maternal characteristics did not differ significantly between the study and the control group. There were no significant differences in the early and late velocity, early/late velocity ratio of both mitral and tricuspid valves, the fetal pulmonary vein pulsatility index, and the ductus venosus pulsatility index between the study and the control group. Moreover, the rate of abnormal Doppler findings in pulmonary vein (pulmonary vein pulsatility index >95th centile), ductus venosus (ductus venosus pulsatility index >95th centile), and peripheral vessels (umbilical artery pulsatility index >95th centile, middle cerebral artery pulsatility index <5th centile, cerebra-placental index >95th centile) were comparable in both groups. Conclusions: The third trimester fetal diastolic functions measured by selected conventional Doppler techniques do not seem to be altered in appropriate-for-gestational-age or macrosomic fetuses of gestational diabetic mothers who have poor glycaemic control.

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