scholarly journals Use of aqueous plant extracts to reduce profenofos residues in the leaf of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and suppression of the grasshopper population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hoesain ◽  
Sigit Prastowo ◽  
Wagiyana ◽  
Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana ◽  
Fariz Kustiawan Alfarisy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
New Information ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Mesh Sieve

Profenofos is an active ingredient from the organophosphate group which residue is often found in various fresh and processed vegetable products. This study aimed to assess the use of aqueous plant extracts of Sapindus rarak seeds, Luffa acutangula peel and Centella asiatica leaves to reduce profenofos residues in leaf of mustard and to evaluate their performance in suppressing the grasshopper populations. S. rarak seeds, L. acutangula peels and C. asiatica leaves were dried and filtered using a 100 mesh sieve. A total of 30 gm samples of each ingredient were mixed with 1000 ml of water and blended at 800 rpm, then filtered using 100 mesh sieve before use. The field experiment was performed by spraying profenofos pesticide with a concentration of 3 ml l-1 at a dose of 30 ml per plant. Two days after the profenofos application, the plants were sprayed with the aqueous plant extracts. Twenty-four hrs aqueous plant extracts application, pesticide residues were detected by the UPLC-MS/MS machine. The phytotoxicity test results showed that the use of aqueous plant extracts at a dose of 30 ml per plant did not cause any phytotoxic symptoms. Furthermore, in the field experiment, the control plants showed a residual value of 2407.62 ng g-1. Results of UPLC-MS/MS showed that the residual value of profenofos in PL treatment (aqueous extract of S. rarak seeds) was 1502.05 ng g-1, the recorded residual value in the PP treatment (aqueous extract of C. asiatica leaves) was 1316.27 ng g-1 and the residual value in the PG treatment (aqueous extract of L. acutangula peels) was 660.71 ng g-1. In the treated plants, the residual value decreased from 37.48% to 72.55%. Furthermore, the number of grasshoppers after the PL treatment decreased and was significantly different from the control. This study provides new information that aqueous plant extracts can reduce the residue of profenofos and suppress the population of grasshoppers in the mustard leaf.

Therapeutic efficacy of some extracts of hot pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum) and Sumac seeds (Rhus coriaria) on the growth of some isolated dermatophytes species

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Sara Omran ◽  
Abdulghani Alsamarai ◽  
Firas Razzzaq
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dermatology Clinic

Background: Fungal infections are one of the common skin diseases with difficulty in their treatment approach. The present efficient drugs for fungal infection are limited. Aim: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts as alternative antifungal agents. Materials and methods: 100 clinical samples [68 from female and 32 from male] were collected during the period from March to July 2017 from subjects attending Dermatology Clinic in Salah Uldean General Hospital. Fungal infection was diagnosed with using KOH wet preparation. Fungal species identified by using conventional approach. The active ingredients existing in the plant extracts were detected and analyzed through qualitative and quantitative detection technique of chemical compounds using a high performance liquid chromatographic device (HPLC). Agar diffusion method was used to determine antifungal activity of plant extracts. Results: Direct microscopic examination showed that there were (75%) positive samples, while culture shows (67%) positive samples. The isolated dermatophytes belong to Epidermophyoton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton genus. The predominant dermatophytes were T. rubrum (25%) species. The highest frequency of infection was in the age group of 11-20 years. The sensitivity of the tested fungi to the aqueous and alcoholic plant extracts varies. Alcoholic extract of the hot pepper plant was more effective as antifungal than the aqueous extract of the same plant. However, aqueous hot pepper extracts was more effective against T. mentagrophyte than that of alcoholic extract. Additionally, alcoholic Sumac extract shows higher efficacy that aqueous extract. Conclusion: Hot pepper and Sumac extracts show antifungal activity against Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophyte.

scholarly journals Synergy Effects of Three Plant Extracts on Protection of Gastric Mucosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihui Wang ◽  
Wen Su ◽  
Xingli Su ◽  
Guojun Ni ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Amomum Villosum

The gastric mucosa protection effect of three natural plant extracts, Hericium erinaceus (HE), Centella asiatica (CA) and Amomum villosum (AV), were evaluated using the indomethacin damage model. Compared with a single extract, a combination of HE/CA/AV, especially with the ratios of 80:10:10, 45:45:10 and 45:10:45, showed significant synergistic effects for protection of the gastric mucosa with gastric ulcer inhibition rates of 97.8 ± 0.7%, 86.5 ± 2.8% and 86.1 ± 3.6%, respectively. Microscopic appearances of the gastric mucosa were carried out to help confirm the results.

Oral administration of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb leave aqueous extract ameliorates cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in male rats with type-2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1599-1622
Author(s):  
Nelli Giribabu ◽  
Kamarulzaman Karim ◽  
Eswar Kumar Kilari ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Nelli ◽  
Naguib Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Male Rats

Cerium nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Centella asiatica: characterization, determination of free radical scavenging activity and evaluation of efficacy against cardiomyoblast hypertrophy

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
pp. 21074-21083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Sankar ◽  
Palayyan SalinRaj ◽  
Raj Athira ◽  
Rema Sreenivasan Soumya ◽  
Kozhiparambil Gopalan Raghu
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Calcium Overload ◽  
Scavenging Activity

Cerium nanoparticles synthesized usingCentella asiaticawere characterized, and tested for radical scavenging activities, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and efficacy against cardiomyoblast hypertrophy and calcium overload.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Zobo and Bay Leaf Extracts on Enteropathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. A. Wemedo ◽  
N. P. Akani ◽  
A. D. Amadiali
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Aim: The antibacterial activity of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) and Zobo leaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts on enteropathogenic bacteria was investigated. Study Design: The study utilized well in agar diffusion to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the extracts. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University and the study was carried out in August, 2018 to October, 2018. Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from a medical laboratory and inoculated on eosin methylene blue and mannitol salt agar plates for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial isolates were subjected to biochemical and molecular (PCR) identification so as to ascertain the distinctiveness of the isolates. Hot water and absolute alcohol were used as the extracting solvents. Concentrations of the extracted solvents was tested against E. coli and S. aureus using the well in agar method. Results: The result showed that both hot aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Bay leaf showed no sensitivity against the tested bacteria, whereas the extracts of hot dry aqueous and alcohol of Zobo leaf showed remarkable zones of inhibition against the tested bacteria. The zones of inhibition in the dry hot aqueous extract of zobo leaf with concentrations of 0.25 µg/mL, 0.125 µg/mL and 0.063 µg/mL were 31.3±0.1, 25.6±1.2 and 10.0±0.0, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the dry hot aqueous of zobo extract was observed at 0.063 µg/mL for E. coli, while zones of inhibition of 33.3±0.0, 30.1±0.3, 17.2±1.0 and 15.0±0.1 mm were recorded from the dry alcoholic extract of zobo leaf on E. coli given similar concentrations and the MIC was observed at the 0.031 µg/mL concentration. The result also showed that out of the four concentrations of the dry hot aqueous extract, only the 0.25 µg/mL concentration was able to show 14.2±0.0 mm inhibition on S. aureus, while the concentrations of 0.25 µg/ml and 0.125 µg/mL were the only two concentrations of the dry alcohol that showed levels of sensitivity with zone diameters of 29.3±1.0 and 25.2±0.0, respectively. Conclusion: The plant extracts of zobo leaves which displayed remarkable activity at fairly-low concentrations could be recommended for use against similar bacteria. Thus, investigation and adoption of plant extracts in modern medicine should be encouraged as this may be the break through needed to combat the ever-increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

scholarly journals Estimation of Quercetin and Rutin Content in Hyouttunia cordata and Centella asiatica Plant Extracts Using UV-Spectrophotometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arky Jane Langstieh ◽  
Julie Birdie Wahlang ◽  
Clarissa Jane Lyngdoh ◽  
Ibaphylla Jaba ◽  
Chayna Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Calibration Curves

Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites normally found as pigmented compounds in plants. Quercetin and rutin are two important and commonly found flavonoids in nature and exhibit wide pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective activities as well as antimicrobial activity. In this study, quercetin and rutin content is being quantified in the plant extracts of Centella asiatica and Houttuynia cordata and considerable amounts of these two flavonoids were depicted. A single beam UV – Spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of the standard as well as test solutions. Calibration curves were constructed for standard quercetin and rutin in such a way that x-axis denotes concentration and the y-axis denotes the absorbance. The calibration curves showed linearity at concentrations 5-25 ?g /ml of quercetin and rutin respectively with a good correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99 for both the curves. The absorbance of the two test extracts was obtained from the calibration curve and respective concentrations of quercetin and rutin for the two extracts were calculated. The amount of quercetin and rutin present was expressed as Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) i.e. the amount of the flavonoid in ?g present per mg of the respective plant extract. The quercetin content in both the plant extracts was found to be more (315.8 in Houttuynia cordata; 487.6 in Centella asiatica) than the content of rutin (152.2 in Houttuynia cordata; 171.0 in Centella asiatica).

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS TO SUPPRESS Squash Mosaic Virus INFECTION ON RIDGED GOURD (Luffa acutangula [L.Roxb])

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Maharani Mustika Putri ◽  
Tri Asmira Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Mosaic Virus Infection

Utilization of plant extracts to suppress Squash Mosaic Virus Infection on ridged gourd (Luffa acutangula [L]. Roxb). Control effort strategies against plant pathogens are necessary to be explored and evaluated its effectiveness intensively. One environmentally friendly control method is biological control by using plant extracts. It is well known that cucurbits arecultivated widely in Indonesia. However, cucurbits are susceptible plants against various pathogens, including viruses. Recently, Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) found to infect cucurbits such as ridged gourd in West Java. The research aimed to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts to suppress SqMV infection on the ridged gourd. Three selected plants, namely Bougainvillea spectabilis, Mirabilis jalapa, and Celosia cristata, were tested in greenhouse trial with aspirin as a comparison. The extract was sprayed on the leaves a day before mechanical virus infection. The disease assessments and agronomic parameters were observed. The plant extract treatment showed able to prolonged the incubation period, caused milder symptoms, reduced the virus titer, and showed better plant growth in compared with aspirin treatment or untreated control. B. spectabilis and M. jalapa crude leaf extract revealed able to suppress the SqMV infection with comparable effectiveness with relative inhibition level of disease severity and virus titer up to 48.2% and 80.6 to 81.4%, respectively, indicating their potential as biocontrol for SqMV.

scholarly journals Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts Used Against Cognitive Dysfunction and Memory Loss in Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Anoja Priyadarshani Attanayake ◽  
Kamani Ayoma Perera Wijewardana Jayatilaka
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Ache Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Alzheimer’S Diseases

The objectives of the study were to determine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity in the selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants. AChE inhibitory activity of the selected medicinal plant extracts was determined using the Ellman’s method. The antioxidant activities were determined by four in vitro methods namely DPPH assay, FRAP assay, NO assay and TBA acid method.  The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were determined quantitatively.Out of the ten selected medicinal plant extracts Abrus precatorius, Centella asiatica, Strychnos nux-vomica and Ricinus communis showed IC50 values < 200 µg/mL for AChE inhibitory activity. A high antioxidant activity was shown in the extracts of Cardiosprmum halicacabum, Centella asiatica and  Ricinus communis in  the four selected antioxidant assays.  The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content was in the range of 0.55-7.30 mg/g DW and 19.08±0.29-1283.08± 0.09 µg/gDW. The extracts of A. precatorius, C. asiatica, S. nux-vomica and R. communis are deserved to be as potent sources of AChE inhibitors as well as natural antioxidants. Considering the complex multifactorial etiology of Alzheimer's diseases, these plant extracts would be apt candidates for the development of novel pharmaceutical agents in the management of Alzheimer's diseases.  

scholarly journals Protection of renal function by four selected plant extracts during Plasmodium berghei infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola ◽  
Kazeem Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

Background: Weakening of renal function from reactive oxygen species generated during malaria infection is one of the prominent causes of death in prevalent regions. The potential toxicity of free radical generated by malaria parasites are counteracted by a large number of cytoprotective phytochemicals. Therefore, this study examined the influence of extracts of five selected antimalarial plants (Azadirachta indica, Parquetina nigrescens, Citrus paradisi, and Khaya senigalensis) on reduction of inflammation in renal tissue, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels during malaria infection using Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice. For in vivo assay, mice were inoculated with 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes and plant extracts were subsequently administered orally at 100 mg/kg body weight once a day for 17 consecutive days. The chemo-suppressive and prophylaxis effects of the plant extracts against P. berghei were investigated and compared with those of standard antimalarial drug, chloroquine. Tail bleeding was performed to check the percentage parasitaemia by making a thin film smear on a slide, stained in Giemsa. The numbers of parasited cells against the unparasitised cells were counted using a microscope. The effect of malaria infection on renal tissue was assessed by histological analysis and measurement of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in plasma. At 100 mg/kg per body weight, aqueous extract of K. senegalensis, A. indica, C. paradisi and P. nigrescens exhibited significant (p<0.05) percentage inhibition and chemo-suppressive effects in comparison with the chloroquine treated mice. The result of the untreated group showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of plasma urea while the level of the groups treated with plants extract stabilized the level of urea and creatinine in the blood. Also there was a pathological lesion on the kidney tissue of untreated group whereas the group treated with aqueous extract of A. indica, Khaya senegalensis and C. paradisi showed no lesion. It can be established that the extracts can protect and preserve renal function during malaria infection. These findings justified the use of the extracts in traditional medicine practice, for the treatment of malaria infection.  Keywords: Plasmodium berghei, antimalarial plants, renal function, antiplasmodium

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