scholarly journals An endophyte Paenibacillus dendritiformis strain APL3 promotes Amaranthus polygonoides L. sprout growth and their extract inhibits food-borne pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramalingam Radhakrishnan ◽  
P Ajithkumar ◽  
Muthukrishnan Arun ◽  
Ramaraj Sathasivam ◽  
S Sandhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne

Green leafy vegetables are rich sources of antioxidants and minerals, which prevent food-borne pathogen infections during our diet. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterium from several plant species to enhance the growth of Amaranthus polygonoides L. and their antimicrobial potential against food-borne pathogens. Seven endophytic bacterial isolates were tested on two Amaranthus species to identify the suitable beneficial bacterium. The antioxidants capacity and antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolate (APL3) treated plants were analyzed. The bacterial isolate, APL3 showed a significantly higher growth of A. polygonoides L. than other isolates. It was identified as Paenibacillus dendritiformis strain APL3 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The endophyte (APL3) treated A. polygonoides L. sprouts had higher antioxidants potentials and significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The results of the present study suggest that utilization of P. dendritiformis strain APL3 triggers the growth of A. polygonoides L. and induces metabolic changes in plants to improve their antimicrobial properties to prevent foodborne pathogens.

scholarly journals Nanovesicles Loaded with Origanum onites and Satureja thymbra Essential Oils and Their Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Giulia Vanti ◽  
Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou ◽  
Dejan Stojković ◽  
Ana Ćirić ◽  
Anna Rita Bilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms ◽  
Satureja Thymbra ◽  
Origanum Onites

Food poisoning is a common cause of illness and death in developing countries. Essential oils (EOs) could be effective and safe natural preservatives to prevent and control bacterial contamination of foods. However, their high sensitivity and strong flavor limit their application and biological effectiveness. The aim of this study was firstly the chemical analysis and the antimicrobial evaluation of the EOs of Origanum onites L. and Satureja thymbra L. obtained from Symi island (Greece), and, secondly, the formulation of propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with these EOs to improve their antimicrobial properties. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS and their chemical contents are presented herein. Different nanovesicles were formulated with small average sizes, high homogeneity, and optimal ζ-potential. Microscopic observation confirmed their small and spherical shape. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the formulated EOs were evaluated against food-borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms compared to pure EOs. Propylene glycol-nanovesicles loaded with O. onites EO were found to be the most active formulation against all tested strains. Additionally, in vitro studies on the HaCaT cell line showed that nanovesicles encapsulated with EOs had no toxic effect. The present study revealed that both EOs can be used as alternative sanitizers and preservatives in the food industry, and that their formulation in nanovesicles can provide a suitable approach as food-grade delivery system.

scholarly journals Evaluation of molecular typing of foodborne pathogens in European reference laboratories from 2012 to 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schjørring ◽  
Taina Niskanen ◽  
Mia Torpdahl ◽  
Jonas T Björkman ◽  
Eva Møller Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Eqa Schemes

In 2012, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) initiated external quality assessment (EQA) schemes for molecular typing including the National Public Health Reference Laboratories in Europe. The overall aim for these EQA schemes was to enhance the European surveillance of food-borne pathogens by evaluating and improving the quality and comparability of molecular typing. The EQAs were organised by Statens Serum Institut (SSI) and included Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) and Listeria monocytogenes. Inter-laboratory comparable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) images were obtained from 10 of 17 of the participating laboratories for Listeria, 15 of 25 for Salmonella, but only nine of 20 for VTEC. Most problems were related to PFGE running conditions and/or incorrect use of image acquisition. Analysis of the gels was done in good accordance with the provided guidelines. Furthermore, we assessed the multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) scheme for S. Typhimurium. Of 15 laboratories, nine submitted correct results for all analysed strains, and four had difficulties with one strain only. In conclusion, both PFGE and MLVA are prone to variation in quality, and there is therefore a continuous need for standardisation and validation of laboratory performance for molecular typing methods of food-borne pathogens in the human public health sector.

scholarly journals The sources and transmission routes of microbial populations throughout a meat processing facility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Zwirzitz ◽  
Stefanie U. Wetzels ◽  
Emmanuel D. Dixon ◽  
Beatrix Stessl ◽  
Andreas Zaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Food Spoilage ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Meat Spoilage ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractMicrobial food spoilage is responsible for a considerable amount of waste and can cause food-borne diseases in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and children. Therefore, preventing microbial food spoilage is a major concern for health authorities, regulators, consumers, and the food industry. However, the contamination of food products is difficult to control because there are several potential sources during production, processing, storage, distribution, and consumption, where microorganisms come in contact with the product. Here, we conduct the first study that uses high-throughput full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to provide novel insights into bacterial community structure throughout a pork processing plant. Specifically, we investigated what proportion of bacteria on meat are not animal-associated and are therefore transferred during cutting via personnel, equipment, machines, or the slaughter environment. We then created a facility-specific transmission map of bacterial flow which revealed previously unknown sources of bacterial contamination. This allowed us to pinpoint specific taxa to particular environmental sources and provide the facility with essential information for targeted disinfection. For example,Moraxellaspp., a prominent meat spoilage organism which was one of the most abundant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) detected on the meat, was most likely transferred from the gloves of employees, a railing at the classification step, and the polishing tunnel whips. Finally, we provide evidence that 1000 sequences per sample provides a reasonable sequencing depth for microbial source tracking in food processing, suggesting that this approach could be implemented in regular monitoring systems.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Microbiological Biodiversity of Human Foot Skin

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steglińska ◽  
Jachowicz ◽  
Szulc ◽  
Adamiak ◽  
Otlewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Its Region ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Number ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The aim of the study was to analyze the microbiological biodiversity of human foot skin with respect to factors such as age, gender, frequency of foot washing and physical activity, and to select indicator species to be considered when designing textile materials with antimicrobial properties used for sock and insole production. The experiment was carried out on a group of 40 people. The number of microorganisms was determined using culture-dependent methods. Biodiversity was determined using culture followed by genetic identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing (bacteria), ITS region (fungi), or using Illumina next-generation sequencing (in a group of eight selected individuals). The total bacterial number on women’s feet was on average 1.0 × 106 CFU/cm2, and was not statistically significantly different than that of men’s feet (mean 1.2 × 105 CFU/cm2). The number of bacteria, in most cases, decreased with age and with increased frequency of physical activity. The number of bacteria increased with diminishing feet-washing frequency; however, statistically significant differences were found between groups. The number of fungi was not significantly different amongst groups. Bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria constituted the main microorganisms of the foot skin. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota predominated amongst the fungi. The presence of specific species varied in groups depending on the factors mentioned above. Two of the species identified were classified as pathogens (Neisseria flavescens and Aspergillus fumigatus). These findings suggest that it is necessary to extend the list of microorganisms tested on textiles with respect to hygienic properties.

Microbiological contamination of ready to eat algae and evaluation of Bacillus cereus behavior by microbiological challenge test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Martelli ◽  
Martina Marrella ◽  
Camilla Lazzi ◽  
Erasmo Neviani ◽  
Valentina Bernini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Palmaria Palmata ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Consumption of seaweeds, often categorized as a superfood, is becoming popular in western countries. Algae can be marketed fresh, but are usually sold dehydrated to ensure longer shelf life. The consumption, often as ready to eat, open up possible risks for public health because of foodborne pathogens that can contaminate the raw material during harvesting or manipulation. In this study, fourteen ready to eat foods based on dehydrated algae, representative of the most consumed species, were considered. The microbial content, with a focus on Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus, was investigated by plate counts and B. cereus strains were isolated and identified by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. The microbiological quality was heterogeneous among the samples and, in particular, marine bacteria, Listeria spp., B. cereus and coliforms were detected. To contribute to related risk assessment, the ability of B. cereus to grow during refrigerated storage was evaluated, to our knowledge for the first time, by a microbiological challenge test on two ready to eat foods based on Undaria pinnatifida and Palmaria palmata.  Despite this study demonstrating the inability of B. cereus to proliferate in seaweed-based food, its presence in dehydrated foodstuffs cannot rule out the replication after rehydration before consumption, making it necessary to shed light on the possible risks for consumers.

scholarly journals Diversity and Antimicrobial Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere of Olive Trees and Desert Truffles of Tunisia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imene Fhoula ◽  
Afef Najjari ◽  
Yousra Turki ◽  
Sana Jaballah ◽  
Abdelatif Boudabous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Desert Truffles

A total of 119 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated, by culture-dependant method, from rhizosphere samples of olive trees and desert truffles and evaluated for different biotechnological properties. Using the variability of the intergenic spacer 16S-23S and 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolates were identified as the generaLactococcus, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, Weissella,andEnterococcus. All the strains showed proteolytic activity with variable rates 42% were EPS producers, while only 10% showed the ability to grow in 9% NaCl. In addition, a low rate of antibiotic resistance was detected among rhizospheric enterococci. Furthermore, a strong antibacterial activity against plant and/or pathogenic bacteria ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas savastanoi, the food-borneStaphylococcus aureus,andListeria monocytogeneswas recorded. Antifungal activity evaluation showed thatBotrytis cinereawas the most inhibited fungus followed byPenicillium expansum, Verticillium dahliae,andAspergillus niger. Most of the active strains belonged to the generaEnterococcusandWeissella. This study led to suggest that environmental-derived LAB strains could be selected for technological application to control pathogenic bacteria and to protect food safety from postharvest deleterious microbiota.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Diverse Types of Greek Honey against Nosocomial and Foodborne Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5801
Author(s):  
Christina Tsadila ◽  
Marios Nikolaidis ◽  
Tilemachos G. Dimitriou ◽  
Ioannis Kafantaris ◽  
Grigoris D. Amoutzias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates

It has been suggested that microorganisms present in honey are a potential source of antimicrobial compounds. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria from 46 Greek honey samples of diverse botanical and geographical origin and to determine whether these bacteria demonstrate antibacterial activity against five important nosocomial and foodborne pathogens. In total, 2014 bacterial isolates were obtained and screened for antibacterial activity. Overall, 16% of the isolates inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, 11.2% inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, 10.2% inhibited the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium and 12.4% of the isolates affected the growth of Citrobacter freundii. In total, 316 isolates that inhibited the growth of more than two of the tested pathogens were grouped by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon. Fifty of them were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority, 62% of the isolates, belonged to the genus Bacillus. Only 10% of the isolates were identified as Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, in several bacterial isolates, genes encoding polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases that catalyze the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites which might contribute to the exerted antimicrobial activity, were detected. This study demonstrates that honey microbiota exerts antimicrobial activity and is a putative source of secondary metabolites against important nosocomial and food pathogens that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Palladium and Platinum Nanoparticles: A New Tool for Combating Food-Borne Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7892
Author(s):  
Ondrej Chlumsky ◽  
Sabina Purkrtova ◽  
Hana Michova ◽  
Hana Sykorova ◽  
Petr Slepicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne

Although some metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly used in the food processing plants as nanomaterials for food packaging, or as coatings on the food handling equipment, little is known about antimicrobial properties of palladium (PdNPs) and platinum (PtNPs) nanoparticles and their potential use in the food industry. In this study, common food-borne pathogens Salmonella enterica Infantis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were tested. Both NPs reduced viable cells with the log10 CFU reduction of 0.3–2.4 (PdNPs) and 0.8–2.0 (PtNPs), average inhibitory rates of 55.2–99% for PdNPs and of 83.8–99% for PtNPs. However, both NPs seemed to be less effective for biofilm formation and its reduction. The most effective concentrations were evaluated to be 22.25–44.5 mg/L for PdNPs and 50.5–101 mg/L for PtNPs. Furthermore, the interactions of tested NPs with bacterial cell were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM visualization confirmed that NPs entered bacteria and caused direct damage of the cell walls, which resulted in bacterial disruption. The in vitro cytotoxicity of individual NPs was determined in primary human renal tubular epithelial cells (HRTECs), human keratinocytes (HaCat), human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), human epithelial kidney cells (HEK 293), and primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Due to their antimicrobial properties on bacterial cells and no acute cytotoxicity, both types of NPs could potentially fight food-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Development of Simple Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays for Foodborne Pathogens Detection and Identification On Lightcycler

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avo Karus ◽  
Fabrizio Ceciliani ◽  
Armand Sanches Bonastre ◽  
Virge Karus
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Melting Curve ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Food Borne

Abstract Most acute intestinal diseases are caused by food-borne pathogens. A fast and simple real-time PCR-based procedure for simultaneous detection of food contamination by any of the five food-borne pathogens: Campylobacter jejuni, Mycobacterium bovis, Enterobacter sakazaki, Shigella boydii, Clostridium perfrigens using multiplex EvaGreen real-time PCR for LightCycler was developed and evaluated. Real-time qPCR showed excellent sensitivity. Tm calling and Melting Curve Genotyping (MCG) were used for analysis of PCR product melting curves. The Melting Curve Genotyping option showed good performance for discrimination of positive samples containing DNA of single pathogen or pathogen mixtures from negative samples.

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