scholarly journals Seed yield of two new quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) breeding lines as affected by sowing date in Central Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo CASINI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Phenological Phases

<p>Research on the introduction of quinoa in Italy is currently lacking. The present research was aimed at identifying the correct sowing period. Field experiment was consucted in Cesa, Tuscany, in 2017. Two new breeding lines coded as DISPAA-Q42 and DISPAA-Q47-CB were utilized. Three sowing dates (SD) were implemented: February 23; March 17 and April 27. Results showed that the most successful SD was February 23. A significant decrease in both seed yield and a delay in phenological phases, relating to plant maturation and flowering was associated with the sequential delay in SD in both lines. Results also showed a significant effect of lines on yield, true-leaf stage development, flower development and maturity. Only DISPAA-Q42 was considered suitable for cultivation in the Tuscan environment. DISPAA-Q47-CB was the more susceptible line, due to the sequential delay in SD and delayed plant maturation. No effect between lines was evident for protein and saponin content. The present study clearly shows the potential for the successful cultivation of quinoa in Central Italy, and highlights the necessity of taking into consideration both breeding lines and SD in order to accomplish this goal.</p>

Application of physiological understanding in soybean improvement. I. Understanding phenological constraints to adaptation and yield potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Eastern Australia

The purpose of this paper and its companion1 is to describe how, in eastern Australia, soybean improvement, in terms of both breeding and agronomy, has been informed and influenced over the past four decades by physiological understanding of the environmental control of phenology. This first paper describes how initial attempts to grow soybean in eastern Australia, using varieties and production practices from the southern USA, met with limited success due to large variety × environment interaction effects on seed yield. In particular, there were large variety × location, variety × sowing date, and variety × sowing date × density effects. These various interaction effects were ultimately explained in terms of the effects of photo-thermal environment on the phenology of different varieties, and the consequences for radiation interception, dry matter production, harvest index, and seed yield. This knowledge enabled the formulation of agronomic practices to optimise sowing date and planting arrangement to suit particular varieties, and underpinned the establishment of commercial production in south-eastern Queensland in the early 1970s. It also influenced the establishment and operation over the next three decades of several separate breeding programs, each targeting phenological adaptation to specific latitudinal regions of eastern Australia. This paper also describes how physiological developments internationally, particularly the discovery of the long juvenile trait and to a lesser extent the semi-dwarf ideotype, subsequently enabled an approach to be conceived for broadening the phenological adaptation of soybeans across latitudes and sowing dates. The application of this approach, and its outcomes in terms of varietal improvement, agronomic management, and the structure of the breeding program, are described in the companion paper.

scholarly journals Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽  
Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽  
Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽  
Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽  
Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

scholarly journals Sowing date: The factor of yield and quality of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum graecum L)

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Radojka Maletic ◽  
Radosav Jevdjovic
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Fenugreek Seed ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽  
Dark Soil

Results of a two-year investigation (2005 and 2006) for the yield and quality of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum graecum L) obtained on the location in South Banat (around Pancevo) on marsh dark soil are presented in the paper. Fenugreek seed used in this investigation was produced in the collection of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Research "Dr Josif Pancic" in Pancevo. The effect of sowing date on yield (kg/ha) and quality of fenugreek seed (germination energy and total germination) were investigated. Sowing was carried out on seven dates, 10 days between dates of each sowing. Yield of fenugreek seed sowed on different dates differed in both years. Sowing carried out in the first two weeks in April resulted in considerably higher yield compared to sowing at the end of April and during May. The highest yield was produced in the second sowing date from April 10, then in the first (April 1) and the third sowing period (April 20). The lowest yield of fenugreek seed was recorded in sowing carried out at the end of May. Yield of fenugreek seed wasn't significantly different in study years. Earlier dates of sowing resulted in seed of better quality (better germination energy and total germination). In the second sowing date fenugreek seed obtained was of best germination energy and total germination (approx. 99%). Later sowing dates gave seed of lower quality. So, sowing carried out at the end of May resulted in seed with the lowest value of germination energy and total germination (approx. 91%).

Structural aspects of dormancy in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): importance and possible action mechanisms of the seed coat

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ceccato ◽  
Daniel Bertero ◽  
Diego Batlla ◽  
Beatriz Galati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Structural Aspects

AbstractTwo possible sources of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting were evaluated in quinoa. They showed dormancy at harvest and significant variations in dormancy level in response to environmental conditions experienced during seed development. The aims of this work were to evaluate the importance of seed coats in the regulation of dormancy in this species, to investigate possible mechanisms of action and to assess association of seed coat properties with changes in dormancy level caused by the environment. Accessions Chadmo and 2-Want were grown under field conditions on different sowing dates during 2 years. Seed coats were manipulated and seed germination was evaluated at different temperatures. Seed coat perforation before incubation led to faster dormancy loss in both accessions. This effect decreased with delayed sowing date, and seeds expressed a level of dormancy not imposed by coats. This suggests the presence of embryo dormancy in the genus Chenopodium. Seeds of the accession 2-Want had a significantly thinner seed coat at later sowing dates, associated with a decreasing coat-imposed dormancy, but this pattern was not detected in Chadmo. The seed coat acts as a barrier to the release of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in quinoa, suggested by the increase in germination and a higher amount of ABA leached from perforated seeds. ABA is able to leach from seeds with an intact seed coat, suggesting that differences in seed coat thickness may allow the leakage of different amounts of ABA. This mechanism may contribute to the observed differences in dormancy level, either between sowing dates or between accessions.

Evaluation of soybean breeding lines by examining their responses to sowing date and row spacing

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Rose
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Standard Cultivar ◽  
Late Sowing

Seven genotypes, including 5 in the final stages of cultivar selection, were evaluated for their phenological development, yield, seed size, oil concentration and protein concentration in response to changes in sowing date and row spacing over 3 seasons, 1982-83, 1983-84and 1984-85. Genotype x sowing date interactions were detected for both phenological development and yield, particularly with the cultivar Sxy 59. This genotype was most affected by temperature during the pre-flowering phase of early November sowings. It was lower yielding in November sowings but was the highest yielding genotype in January sowings. Its adaptation to January sowings was unexpected because this genotype also showed high photoperiod sensitivity and flowered and matured rapidly in the late sowings. With early sowing, yield of the other cultivars was equivalent, or superior to (P=0.05), that obtained with the recommended early December sowing date, depending on the season. Late sowings caused yield reductions of about 34%. Increases in yield with narrow rows (50 v. 100 cm) were significant (P = 0.05) in 1 season and averaged 5% overall. Genotypexrow spacing interactions were only detected in 1 season, but no genotype was superior to the standard cultivar, Forrest, in adaptation to narrow rows. Thus this study revealed genotype responses which would affect adoption of newly released cultivars. It was concluded that this type of study is valuable in the final stages of a selection program and that these studies should include both early and late sowing dates and be conducted over several seasons.

Sowing date affects yield components of canarygrass seed

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Bodega ◽  
M. A. De Dios ◽  
M. M. Pereyra Iraola
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) crops are sown from June to mid-September in the southeastern area of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Sowing dates in this range result in different growing temperatures and photoperiods that affect the duration of developmental stages, biomass production, and seed yield and its components. For Argentina, there are no reported studies that address these effects. This study on the effects of sowing date was conducted during four growing seasons (1996–1999) at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologí a Agropecuaria (INTA) Experimental Station at Balcarce, Argentina, using a population provided by Dr. Jaime Lloveras, University of Leyda, Spain. Different seeding dates were chosen from June to mid-September. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks. When the sowing date was delayed, total dry matter (DM) decreased. For early sowing dates seed yield was constant, but after 10 August it was reduced by 1.5% for each day of delay. Earlier sowing increased the duration of pre-anthesis development with greater uniformity in panicle size and the number of seeds. Seed yield was related lin early to the number of seeds and plant dry matter yield (DMY). The rate of progress from emergence to anthesis (1/days from emergence to anthesis) was proportional to the mean photoperiod. Under the environmental conditions in Balcarce, the accumulated required thermal units for anthesis was reduced when sowing was delayed from June to September. This reduction was related to the photoperiod and was estimated as –189.3 growing degree-days per hour of photoperiod increment. Key words: Canarygrass, seed yield, sowing date, yield components

Effect of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of canola cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Nazeri ◽  
Amir Hossein Shirani Rad ◽  
Seyed Alireza ValadAbadi ◽  
Mojtaba Mirakhori ◽  
Esmaeil Hadidi Masoule
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Traits ◽  
Acid Percentage

To investigate the effects of sowing dates and late season water deficit stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of different canola cultivars, a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons. The experimental factors consisted of sowing date at two levels (7th and 27th October), irrigation at two levels (full irrigation and irrigation termination at silique formation stage) and four German canola cultivars including Trapper, Makro, Smilla, and Agamax. The results indicated that the main effects of sowing date, irrigation, and cultivar were significant on all studied characteristics except for harvest index. The interaction between sowing date and irrigation was also statistically significant on silique number per plant, oil percentage, linolenic acid, and erucic acid percentage. The results demonstrated that seed yield and its components oil percentage and oil yield, as well as oleic and linoleic acid percentage, decreased when sowing date was delayed until 27th October. Due to irrigation termination, all the studied traits decreased except for linolenic and erucic acid. Seed yield also decreased. The results suggest that to improve seed and oil yield, canola should be sown on 7th October and fully irrigated until physiological maturity stage in the study area.

scholarly journals Effect of soybean cultivars sowing dates on seed yield and its correlation with yield parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Borowska ◽  
Janusz Prusiński
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Sowing Dates

The article presents the effect of three sowing dates on the growth, development and yielding of four soybean cultivars of different earliness and under different temperature and precipitation conditions across the years. The seed yield from early sowing significantly correlated with the total precipitation in June and July, and at later dates, also with the total precipitation in August. The significantly highest soybean yields were collected from the sowing at a turn of April and May, and the highest seed and protein yield, as well as protein content in seed, were recorded for the mid-early Merlin cultivar. Neither the number and the seed weight per pod nor the 1 000-seed weight significantly depended on the sowing date. Over years, a significant, almost linear decrease in the plant height and the first pod setting height, the weight of nodules, the protein yield and the LAI (leaf area index) value was observed. High significant correlations were found between the seed yield and the plant height and the first pod setting height, as well as between the seed number and the seed weight per pod and the 1 000-seed weight as well as between the plant height and the first pod setting height.  

Response of nine genotypes of irrigated soybeans to planting pattern and sowing date

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Constable ◽  
IA Rose
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Established Plant ◽  
New Cultivars

A three year study compared the response of promising breeding lines, new cultivars and commercial soybean cultivars to three planting patterns and two sowing dates. The planting patterns were: 25-45 cm rows on 200 cm wide beds, twin 15 cm rows on 100 cm hills, and single rows on 100 cm hills. In all planting patterns, the established plant populations were 20-25 m-2. The sowing dates were December 1 or 5 and January 15 or 22. There was a yield increase of up to 14% (433 kg ha-1) with narrow rows on wide beds and twin rows over 100 cm rows, the extent depending on cultivar and season, with an overall average increase of only 5 to 8%. In the two seasons where narrow rows yielded more than 100 cm rows, cv. Forrest yielded best in twin rows, while the other genotypes yielded best with narrow rows on wide beds. These effects were the same for both sowing dates. January sowings yielded 30% less than December sowings, but this decline in yield was least evident in cvv. Forrest and Ruse. Forrest was the highest yielding cultivar for both sowing dates in every season (3605 and 271 6 kg ha-1 respectively). We conclude that the small increase in yield with narrow rows may be worthwhile economically, as long as no extra costs are involved. The planting pattern and sowing date response of promising lines should be examined as part of a breeding program.

scholarly journals Yield and Physical and Physiological Quality of Salvia hispanica L. Seeds Grown at Different Sowing Dates

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Raquel Stefanello ◽  
Isabel Lago ◽  
Anderson Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Physiological Tests

Variations in the sowing date of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) reflect directly on the physiological potential of the produced seeds. This study aimed to analyze the yield and the physical and physiological quality of seeds from the main stem and branches of Salvia hispanica plants grown at different sowing dates. A field experiment was conducted in the crop year of 2016/2017 in five sowing dates (16/09/22, 16/10/28, 17/01/03, 17/02/08 and 17/03/24) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Harvest at each sowing date was done when 80% of the leaves of each plant exhibited a darker color, indicating that they were dry. Seed yield was determined in each plant compartment (main stem and branches) and final ear length (cm) and diameter (cm) were also measured at all sowing dates. The following physical and physiological tests were performed to determine seed quality: water content, mass of one thousand seeds, germination test, first count germination, length (root and hypocotyl) and dry matter of the seedlings. Chia can be sown from September to February providing seed yield with high physical and physiological quality. The physical and physiological quality of the chia seeds does not differ between main stem and branches. In late sowing, there is the risk of frost occurrence what may impair the physiological quality and the yield of chia seeds. The best sowing month for obtaining higher yield of chia seeds in a south subtropical region is January.

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