scholarly journals O życiu rodzinnym i edukacji córek księcia Franciszka Ksawerego de Saxe w świetle dokumentów Archives départemantales de l’Aube

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jakuboszczak

Francis Xavier of Saxony, the son of Augustus III, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, left a very extensive correspondence, which has been preserved until our times in the Departmental Archives in Troyes. The collection constitutes a very important source for the history of everyday life and the history of education of aristocracy in the 18th century. A part of the collection is available in the electronic version on the website of the Archives. Numerous children of the Prince, the sons, as well as daughters, obtained the education suitable for the royal family – comprehensive, competent, pursuing the spirit of the Enlightenment. The period of pursuing knowledge by the children of Francis Xavier was not the time of severing the ties with the parents. The relationships between the father and his sons and daughters were lasting and became more intense in the course of time. Carefully selected tutors and governesses were a very important link between the Prince and his wife and the children. Preceptors not only controlled the educational progress, but also every aspect of daily life, especially of the girls. The Prince expected detailed reports which facilitated control over the adolescent boys and girls, for whom best matches for marriage were being arranged. A complex world of relationships of Francis Xavier’s family completes for us the picture of everyday life of the ruling families, so often confined by the tight restraints of the ceremonial.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ulyanova ◽  
Ilya Sidorchuk

The article examines the experience of Soviet propaganda to the history of everyday life by creation a negative memory of the past life of pre-revolutionary St. Petersburg workers. Having studied the scientific and agitation discourse, the authors came to the conclusion that the pictures of the daily life of workers during the tsarist period were an integral part of the formation of the binary opposition “then” - “now”, which implied the maximum discrediting of the pre-revolutionary past in the eyes of the population.


2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORRAINE DASTON

Since the Enlightenment, the history of science has been enlisted to show the unity and distinctiveness of Europe. This paper, written on the occasion of the award of the 2005 Erasmus Prize to historians of science Simon Schaffer and Steven Shapin, traces the intertwined narratives of the history of science and European modernity from the 18th century to the present. Whether understood as triumph or tragedy (and there have been eloquent proponents of both views), the Scientific Revolution has been portrayed as Europe's decisive break with tradition – the first such break in world history and the model for all subsequent epics of modernization in other cultures. The paper concludes with reflections on how a new history of science, exemplified in the work of Shapin and Schaffer, may transform the self-image of Europe and conceptions of truth itself.


Prawo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Paweł Wiązek

From the history of criminal law thought in Poland of King Stanislaus’s era: legislators’ polemics over the principle of equality in criminal law in an estate countryThe article is devoted to the reform of criminal law in 18th-century Poland and is one of the effect of many years of research in the field. In analysing selected views, draft legislation and legal regulations from the reign of the last king of Poland, the author focuses on the polemic surrounding the principle of equality in criminal law in an estate country. At the same he tries to note similarities and differences in the views of legislators of the Enlightenment period, exploring the reasons for and the nature of the divergencies in their positions.Die Ansichten der Gesetzgeber der Poniatowski Zeit betreffend den Grundsatz der Gleichheit in den Reformprojekten der KriminalrechteDie Publikation ist der Problematik der Reform des Strafrechtes in Polen im 18. Jahrhundert gewidmet und stellt ein Teilergebnis vieljähriger Untersuchungen in diesem Bereich dar. Bei der Analyse ausgesuchter Meinungen, legislativer Entwürfe und rechtlicher Regelungen aus der Regie­rungszeit des letzten Monarchen der Republik Polen vor den Teilungen konzentriert derVerfasser seine Aufmerksamkeit auf der Polemik um den Grundsatz der Gleichheit im Strafrecht in den Rea­lien des Ständestaates. Der Verfasser versucht gleichzeitig Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede in den Ansichten der Gesetzgeber der Aufklärung zu finden, indem er Ursachen und den Charakter der eventuellen Abweichungen sucht, die in ihren Meinungen auftreten.


Author(s):  
Yohana Taise Hoffmann ◽  
David Antonio da Costa

Este texto tem como objetivo analisar o Programa de Ensino dos Grupos Escolares de 1920 de Santa Catarina, privilegiando conteúdos e métodos prescritos relativos aos saberes matemáticos. A partir dos estudos de Valente (2015, 2016) e Trouvé (2008), são tomadas as categorias elementar e rudimentar caracterizadas por Condorcet e Pestalozzi. Arrolando demais documentos normativos e dialogando com as pesquisas realizadas no âmbito da história da educação e da história da educação matemática traçou-se um cenário educacional catarinense. Evidenciamse as características do método intuitivo, com os exercícios práticos que desenvolvem o raciocínio dos alunos, a matéria “lições de coisas” com a utilização de objetos e o uso de instrumentos associados à vida diária dos alunos. Sendo a natureza do ensino dos saberes matemáticos, rudimentares.Palavras-chave: Saber matemático. Elementar. Rudimentar. Condorcet. Pestalozzi.AbstractThis text aims to analyze the Program of Teaching of School Groups of 1920 of Santa Catarina, privileging contents and prescribed methods related to mathematical knowledge. From the studies of Valente (2015, 2016) and Trouvé (2008), the elementary and rudimentary categories characterized by Condorcet and Pestalozzi are taken. Listing other normative documents and dialoguing with the researches carried in the context of the history of education and the history of mathematical education a Santa Catarina educational scenario was traced. They are evidenced the characteristics of the intuitive method, with the practical exercises that develop students’ reasoning, the subject “lessons of things” with the use of objects and the use of instruments associated with the daily life of students. Being the nature of the teaching of mathematical, rudimentaryKeywords: Know mathematical. Elementary. Rudimentary. Condorcet. Pestalozzi


2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
С.А. АЙЛАРОВА

Статья посвящена одному из аспектов истории образования в Осетии конца XIX – начала XX в. – самосознанию социопрофессиональной группы – осетинского учительства. Формирование профессиональных групп было выражением модернизации социальной структуры пореформенного осетинского общества. Ввиду особенностей истории образования в Осетии главным представителем этой группы являлись учителя церковно-приходских школ – основного типа начальной школы в крае. Осознание профессиональных интересов, общественного статуса и материального положения народного учителя было проявлением оформления этого социального сообщества. В центре внимания педагогической публицистики – учительская повседневность, размеры жалования, проблема пенсий, жилье, питание, взаимоотношения учителя с школьной и сельской администрацией, представителями сельского общества, статус и перспективы педагогического труда. Обсуждение многих проблем носило полемический характер; участники дискуссии высказывали противоположные суждения о материальной обеспеченности народного учителя, качестве жилья, возможности подсобного хозяйства, будущего образования детей учителя. Освещалась запутанность ситуации с учительскими пенсиями, которые в реальности не выплачивались. В актуальной публицистике освещены не все проблемы учительской повседневности, а только социально значимые, волновавшие демократическую интеллигенцию. Изучение субкультуры и самосознания осетинского учительства актуально в русле методологических поисков отечественной «новой социальной истории», а также «историко-антропологического» подхода, дающих возможность реконструкции поведенческих стратегий этой группы интеллигенции. «Интеллектуальная история» Осетии дореволюционного периода формировалась во многом представителями этой образовательной общности, развивавшей общественную мысль на протяжении десятилетий. Публицистическая подборка, составившая основу статьи, информативна и свидетельствует о перспективности изучения такой социопрофессиональной и культурной группы, как осетинское учительство. The article considers one of the aspects of the history of education in Ossetia in the end of XIX – early XX century – the self-awareness of the Ossetian teachers as socio-professional group. The formation of professional groups was an expression of the modernization of the social structure of the post-reform Ossetian society. In view of the peculiarities of the history of education in Ossetia, the main representative of this group was the teachers of parish schools, the main type of elementary school in the region. Awareness of the professional interests, social status and material situation of the people's teacher was a manifestation of the formation of this social community. The focus of pedagogical journalism is on teachers' everyday life, salaries, the problem of pensions, housing, food, the teacher's relationship with the school and rural administration, representatives of rural society, the status and prospects of pedagogical work. Discussion of many problems was polemical in nature; the participants in the discussion expressed opposite opinions about the material security of a people's teacher, the quality of housing, the possibility of subsidiary farming, and the future education of the teacher's children. The confusion of the situation with teachers' pensions, which in reality were not paid, was highlighted. In actual journalism, not all problems of teachers' everyday life are highlighted, but only socially significant ones that worried the democratic intelligentsia. The study of the subculture and self-consciousness of the Ossetian teachers is relevant in line with the methodological searches of the national “new social history”, as well as the “historical-anthropological” approach, which makes it possible to reconstruct the behavioral strategies of this group of intelligentsia. The "intellectual history" of Ossetia in the pre-revolutionary period was formed in many respects by representatives of this educational community, which had been developing public thought for decades. This journalistic selection is informative and testifies to the prospects of studying such a socio-professional and cultural group as the Ossetian teachers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Talítha Maria Brandão Gorgulho

O texto que ora apresento é parte da minha pesquisa de doutorado que tem como objetivo analisar como essas elites locais legavam um patrimônio que está ligado a preceitos educativos aos membros de seu grupo familiar, mas também à sociedade, na intenção de aumentar, manter e perpetuar seus privilégios. Divido este texto em três partes onde tratarei, portanto, de algumas de minhas questões enquanto pesquisadora deste tema e período, bem como das metodologias que venho me aproximando na busca para estabelecer instrumentos capazes de dar conta das análises acerca dos fenômenos educativos relativos as elites da Capitania mineira. O primeiro desafio se apresenta na definição do próprio conceito de educação mais ampliado. Mas onde encontrar as informações para tais análises? Esse é o segundo desafio que trago hoje: as fontes. Muitas vezes, para o período abordado, não é possível escrever uma histórias da educação a partir de documentação dita oficial, produzida e/ou gerada pelo ato de educar. Por fim, entramos na terceira parte deste do texto, em que trago os conceitos analíticos como mais um obstáculo a ser enfrentado. Expondo alguns experiências e reflexões espero somar aos diálogos que buscam ajudar a responder questões muito caras, acredito que não só a minha, mas as pesquisas em história da educação na América Portuguesa de maneira geral.* * *The text I am presenting is part of my doctoral research whose purpose is to analyze how these local elites inherited an inheritance that is linked to educational precepts to the members of their family group, but also to society, with the intention of increasing, maintaining and perpetuating their privileges. I divide this text into three parts where I will deal with some of my questions as a researcher of this theme and period, as well as the methodologies that I have been approaching in the search to establish instruments capable of accounting for the analyzes of the educational phenomena related to the elites of Capitania de Minas Gerais. The first challenge is to define the concept of broader education itself. But where do you find the information for such analyzes? This is the second challenge I bring today: the sources. Often, for the period covered, it is not possible to write an education stories from so-called official documentation, produced and / or generated by the act of educating. Finally, we enter the third part of this text, in which I bring analytical concepts as another obstacle to be faced. Exposing some experiences and reflections I hope to add to the dialogues that seek to help answer very expensive issues, I believe not only mine but the researches in history of education in Portuguese America in general.


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