scholarly journals Zróżnicowane ramy prawne ojcowskiej władzy rodzicielskiej obowiązujące na ziemiach polskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Zbigniew J. Żółciński
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Starting Point

 Different ranges of paternal power according to binding regulations existing in Polish territories in the first half of the 19th centuryThe law itself has a proven impact on people’s everyday lives. It is usually the product of compromise, which also reflects the culture of its times. Private law of 19th century was no exception. This study shows that political partitions of Poland has divided also polish perception of family and fatherhood. This work examines the problem of parallel visions of polish fatherhood through the lens of the early civil law codifications. New private laws were starting point for a change in paternal power. These modernization has had their own speed and energy separate in each partition area. Focusing on paternity as a category of family history, this article shows the changing borders of paternal power and responsibility which brings new approach to understanding of how private acts were governed by laws of the state. 

scholarly journals La competencia de los cónsules en los actos de jurisdicción voluntaria mercantiles : historia, tradición, actualidad y conveniente reforma

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Alonso Furelos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century

Cónsules y Consulado son una Institución histórica. Nace en Roma, en la República, donde se consolida y extingue y es de Derecho Público Romano. En la Baja Edad Media surge como derecho privado, en las Repúblicas Italianas de donde llega a España, para defender los intereses jurídicos de los comerciantes que van a «disponer» de un derecho «especial» privado que éstos aplican dentro de una «jurisdicción especial privilegiada mercantil» que tutela jurídicamente «sus» asuntos sean jurisdicción contenciosa o voluntaria. En el S. xix, esta figura deviene pública para defender los intereses comerciales del Estado, en el país extranjero donde se hallan sus Consulados. En 1868 en España desaparece la jurisdicción mercantil cuyo cometido es asumido por la jurisdicción ordinaria en su orden civil. Desde entonces Cónsules y Consulados son una figura de derecho público, dependientes del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores para la defensa de los intereses comerciales españoles, en el país en que se hallan. La LEC 1881 les confía por tradición funciones mercantiles en la jurisdicción voluntaria que hoy estando aún «vigentes» son simples «recuerdos obsoletos» de otras épocas ya superadas. La cercana reforma de la jurisdicción voluntaria puede ser un pretexto para confiar a Cónsules y Personal Diplomático de nuestras Embajadas la competencia en «casi todos sus asuntos» cuando se solicite su intervención por españoles que están en esos países.Consuls and Consulate are a historic institution of Roman Public law, with origins in Rome during the Republic, where it was consolidated and then extinguished. In the Low Middle Ages it arose as private right, and arrived in Spain from the Italian Republics, to defend the juridical interests of the merchants who would exercise a «special» private law which they would apply within a «special privileged mercantile jurisdiction «which would govern juridically «their» matters, whether of contentious or voluntary jurisdiction. In the 19th century, this institution became public in order to defend the commercial interests of the State, in the foreign country where its Consulates were situated. In 1868 The Mercantile Jurisdiction disappeared its jurisdiction was subsumed into that of the Ordinary Civil Jurisdiction of the Court. Since then, Consuls and Consulates are an institution of public law and are servants of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to defend of the commercial interests of Spaniards, in the country where they are located. The LEC 1881 entrusted them the voluntary jurisdiction in mercantile matters, that today are still «in force» but exist in fact simply as «obsolete memories» of a bygone era. The approaching reform of this voluntary jurisdiction may be a pretext to entrust to our consuls and diplomatic personnel of our embassies, competence «in almost all matters» when they are requested by Spaniards who are located in those countries.

The State as a Party to Private Law Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Nataliya M. Оnishchenko ◽  
Tatyana I. Tarakhonych ◽  
Oleh L. Bohinich
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Liability Law ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Autonomous Republic ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The purpose of the study is to cover the analysis of the legal position of the state in private law relations. Particular attention is paid to the dualistic nature of the state – as a sovereign and as a horizontal participant in civil law relations. The study employs the following methods: dialectical, technical and comparative law. Results of the systematic interpretation suggest that the state does not have the status of a person, which complicates the application of some legal structures. It is concluded that the state is a multi-stage entity that includes the state of Ukraine, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and territorial communities. This paper will be useful for advocates, judges, academics whose area of expertise is the problematics of the liability law, as well as the issue of harmonisation of the civil legislation of Ukraine with the civil legislation of the EU countries.

scholarly journals ДЕЯКІ СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ УЧАСТІ ДЕРЖАВ У РОЗГЛЯДІ СПРАВ ЩОДО СПАДКУВАННЯ ЗА ЗАКОНОМ

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Р. Ф. Гонгало
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Individual

Насамперед йдеться про те, що питання про визнання спадщини відумерлою вирі­шується не за фактом відсутності (нез'явлення, усунення, відмови, неприйняття) спад­коємців, а за рішенням суду. Цивільне законодавство України щодо регулювання відно­син спадкування за участю держави характеризується принципово новими підходами, що відповідають загальному духу цивільного права у забезпеченні автономії особистості та невтручання держави у сферу приватноправового життя людини та суспільства.   First of all it is about the fact that the issue of recognition of the inheritance escheated not decided upon the lack of (non-appearance, elimination, failure, rejection) heirs, and by court. The civil legislation of Ukraine concerning the regulation of relations with the state inheritance characterized fundamentally new approaches, appropriate to the general spirit of civil law to ensure the autonomy of the individual and non-interference in the sphere of private law of human life and society.

scholarly journals El derecho premial civil de las comunidades autónomas: análisis de los reglamentos de honores y distinciones vigentes / The autonomous communities premier civil law: analysis of honors and distinctions in force´s regulations

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Mª del Carmen Portugal Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right

La Investigación y análisis del derecho premial civil en las comunidades autónomas nos ha proporcionado una visión de la realidad actual del protocolo referente a los honores y distinciones.El estudio de las diecisiete entidades locales, tanto de su gobierno como de su parlamento, ha dibujado un marco normativo que se inicia en el año 1981 y finaliza en el 2015. Se trata de un conjunto de leyes, decretos y resoluciones que viene provocado por, según Francisco García-Mercadal, «una irreflexiva incontinencia normativa, a una desenfrenada carrera por innovar en estos asuntos ceremoniales y protocolarios, invocando el derecho de autorregulación y so pretexto de que no se trata de competencias privativas del Estado», (García-Mercadal y garcía-loygorri, 2016: 2).A pesar de esta situación compleja, la investigación de las fuentes primarias nos ha llevado a descubrir unas características comunes que se producen en los honores y distinciones de las comunidades autónomas. Y a su vez, hemos descubierto que existen otras distinciones de carácter exclusivo y singular de las entidades locales en cuestión, tanto en sus gobiernos como parlamentos, y que responden a la identidad y tradición del territorio.En este trabajo vamos a dar a conocer las similitudes existentes en los reglamentos de honores y distinciones de las comunidades autónomas, considerándolas como punto de partida y de base de este tipo de reglamento, y para que sirva como precedente a la redacción de futuros reglamentos.____________________________The civil premier law´s research and analysis in the autonomous communities has provided us with a vision of protocol concerning honors and distinctions´current reality.The study of the seventeen local entities, both of its government and of its parliament, has drawn up a normative framework that begins in 1981 and ends in 2015. It is a set of laws, decrees and resolutions that is caused by , According to Francisco García-Mercadal, «an unreflective normative incontinence, an unbridled race to innovate in these ceremonial and protocolary matters, invoking the right of self-regulation and on the pretext that it is not a privative powers of the State´matter» (Garcia-Mercadal y garcía-loygorri , 2016: 2).In spite of this complex situation, the primary sources´investigation has led us to discover some common characteristics that occur in the autonomous communities´ honors and distinctions. And in turn, we have discovered that there are other distinctions of an exclusive and unique local entities´character in question, both in their governments and parliaments, and that they respond to the identity and territory´s tradition.In this paper we are going to make known the similarities existing in the autonomous communities´ regulations of honor and distinctions, considering them as starting point and base of this type of regulation, and to serve as a precedent for the future regulations´drafting.

scholarly journals Les droits du mineur en vertu de la Partie VI de la Loi régissant les sociétés commerciales canadiennes

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Demers
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
A Minor

Transfers of shares in the private law of the Province of Quebec raise numerous questions. The rights of the bona fide transferee for value are not clearly settled by the Civil Code and the provincial Companies Act is silent on the issue. In the first part of this article, the author deals with the state of the civil law on the question, illustrating the discussion with a study of the rights of a minor to proceed against bona fide transferees generally and more specifically, under articles 297 and 1487 C.C. In the second part of the article, the question is viewed from the point of view of the federal legislation. Part VI of the Canada Business Corporations Act is studied in detail in so far as the rights of the minor are modified by the statute. This useful exercise indicates clearly the preference given by the federal Act to bona fide purchasers of securities and the rather precarious position of the true owner in questions of conflicting claims. Viewed from a larger perspective, this study reveals an important trend in recent legislative enactments : where traditional rules tend to protect property rights (nemo dat...), contemporary legislations seem to favour unduly the security of commercial transactions.

The Codification of Civil Law and the Law of Torts

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 628-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aharon Barak
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Lawmaking ◽  
The Law

From the establishment of the State until the present day, two quiet “revolutions” have occurred in Israeli law — thefirstin the area of public law, and thesecondin the area of private law. In public law we have witnessed the incorporation of a functional constitution — partly in the form of the Basic Laws, prescribed by the Knesset as constitutive authority; and partly through the consolidation of human rights, the handiwork of the Supreme Court engaged in judicial lawmaking. In private law we have witnessed the coalescing of a civil codification — mainly the product of the Knesset as legislative authority with judicial lawmaking “between the cracks” of the legislation.

scholarly journals A Legal Interpretation of Livy's Caudine Sponsio: Using Roman Law to test the validity of Livy's Caudine Forks Narrative

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Norman Aston
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Legal Perspective

Although much has been written about Livy's account of the defeat of a Roman army at the hands of the Samnites at the Caudine Forks in 321 B.C., commentators do not agree as to whether the account describes an historical event. This paper offers a new approach to the problem, by analyzing the legal form and content of the sponsio (agreement) that acts as the backbone of Livy's narrative. The body of the paper analyzes Livy's sponsio in detail, from a legal perspective. The analysis leads to the conclusion that Livy based his narrative upon the sponsio of Roman civil law. Since it is unlikely that the Romans and Samnites conducted their agreement on the basis of Roman private law, it is concluded that the events at the Caudine Forks are either fictional, or did not happen as Livy describes them.

A Matter of Interpretation: Constructing and Interpreting Commercial Contracts under the Common Law and the Convention on the International Sale of Goods

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Gordon Wade
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
International Private Law ◽  
The Common ◽  
International Sale Of Goods ◽  
Contractual Obligations

Contractual disputes concerning interpretation can be the most intractable of all contractual disputes and their outcome is notoriously difficult to predict. The interpretation of contradictory or ambiguous contractual provisions may often be necessary in order to determine, inter alia, the effect of the parties’ actions upon the performance of the contract and what the substantive contractual obligations actually are. Contractual interpretation in civil law and common law jurisdictions proceeds from fundamentally different perspectives, particularly when viewed in light of a recognised international private law convention, the cisg. Comparing and contrasting the common law and the cisg shows the latter to be the product of a diplomatic conference comprising 62 States and eight international organisations and not a series of ancient pronouncements of English judges who developed commercial law through 19th century sensibilities. The cisg and the common law are, however, not poles apart but the cisg was born because commercial trading, commercial agreements and the parties involved have become increasingly internationalised, complex and sophisticated.

«Space» of civil legislation as a problem of development of private law

10.12737/5576 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Ольга Серова ◽  
Olga Serova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Entities

Monopolization and expansion of civil law has no clear designation in science. But the problem of expanding of spatial boundaries of private law does exist. Introduction of division of legal entities and corporations unitary organization will have a serious impact on the expansion of private law in the area of labor law. The author denotes the problem of expanding forms of participation of the state in the sphere of private law.

scholarly journals Działalność gospodarcza w polskich przepisach legislacyjnych

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Tomasz Słapczyński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Law ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of

DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN POLAND IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND CIVIL LAW ASPECTS - INTERPRETATIONS AND COLLISIONS OF THE STATUATORY DEFINITIONSThe doctrine distinguishes between two kinds of economic law, economic law, typicallyadministrative law and private economic law regulating civil-law relations. Both divisionsof law are interlinked because they regulate the functioning of economic entities in the wholecountry. Private law in this respect regulates property relations of entities of law-entrepreneurs who are entitled to autonomy in legal trade and are entities on the basis of equality. Public law regulates the relationship of subordinate sovereignty, administrative subordination, exercised by the state. The law of business is undoubtedly part of the public economic law, regulates the existence of an entrepreneur, and relations between entrepreneurs are the domain of private law. A company operating on the market must fulfill a number of statutory requirements and act in accordance with the law. It has a number of obligations for the State but also for other entities operating in the economy. As mentioned, an enterprise or an entrepreneur is obliged to fulfill the obligations imposed on them. Polish legislation is not uniform, as to the definition of entrepreneur and business, every department of law, and even some of the laws within the same law department, use a different definition of economic activity. Therefore, it is very important for an entrepreneur operating in Poland to check whether his activity is an economic activity in connection with the regulations contained in a specific law that may be in force. This is a very problematic issue, although the definitions in the various laws are similar, but they are not identical, which complicates the business, through heterogeneous and complex legislation that puts businesses in uneven light between many state institutions that impose obligations. To entrepreneurs. The work attempts to systematize the definition of an entrepreneur in Polish legal regulations, highlight the differences in individual laws and the consequences of that.

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