scholarly journals The dynamics of changes within grammatical gender of dialectal nouns – selected issues

Gwary Dziś ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 65-110
Author(s):  
Justyna Kobus
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
National Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Continuous Description ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Masculine Gender

Due to problems with obtaining the materials and the description thereof, dialectal inflection is an element of language which does not attract lots of dialectologists’ attention. On the other hand, the inflection of Wielkopolska dialects poses more problems in the description because there is no starting point in the form of previous characteristics of inflection that would create a need for a continuous description that shows the changes in the evolution of a dialect. The language spoken in rural areas in the late 20th and the early 21st centuries has entered a stage of dynamic changes on all its levels. This fact cannot be disregarded in selecting the appropriate research tools. Dialectal inflection cannot be unambiguously categorised, it is full of inconsistencies and deviations from (what seems to be) the adopted paradigm. As a result, it is much more interesting to show it as a flexible creation of oral language i.e. in a dynamic way, resulting from statistical analyses. The dynamics of inflection forms within grammatical gender is a part of a larger monograph dedicated to the gender-related variability of nouns and the change of gender in the course of inflection and the well-recognised opposition of masculine gender and non-masculine gender. My intention was not only to describe phenomena of grammatical gender of the nouns recorded in contemporary Wielkopolska as well as to show the changes against the material from the 1950s–1980s. The gender category defies attempts at restoring some normative order in it. Oral language is particularly susceptible to gender-related variations where the rules of correction are suspended. Oral language tends to be dynamic and this active nature determines the intensity of the specific features of the spoken variety of the Polish language – the right form is created when an act of speech appears (conformity with the general Polish norm does not count – communication prevails). Despite its specificity, the spoken variety stays within the more or less flexible language norm. An analysis of the materials intended to illustrate the dynamics of changes within grammatical gender leads to drawing general conclusions. Dialects are a variety of the national language to which we would like to attribute many distinctive historical and even pre-historical features. However, this is a variety of language which evolves as do the other varieties of the national language. Speakers will always choose forms which suffice for an efficient act of communication. Dialects are at a stage of their development where researchers try to determine elements typical of a dialect and forget to examine their latest structure which results from the latest communication needs of speakers in rural areas.

scholarly journals Discourses on disconnectivity and the right to disconnect

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1994-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pepita Hesselberth
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Right

Taking the “right to disconnect” discussion as a starting point, this article considers how the im/possibility of “opting out” is ruminated in scholarly discourses on technology non-use, media resistance, and media disruption. I argue that while very different in scope, these discourses converge in that they all revolve around a structuring paradox. On one hand, this paradox is set in place by the paradox of dis/connectivity itself (no disconnectivity without connectivity). On the other hand, I argue, it is incited and reinforced by the use of scholarly methods that appear to be at odds with the gesture of disconnectivity itself, whether they be empirical, discursive, or technical (or legislative). This article stakes a claim for the importance looking at these discourses on dis/connectivity from the point of view of this structuring paradox, for it is here, I argue, that the limits of our current “culture of connectivity” are most forcefully negotiated.

Neo-rural small entrepreneurs’ motivations and challenges in Portugal’s low density regions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubyrajara Brasil Dal Bello ◽  
Carla Marques ◽  
Octávio Sacramento ◽  
Anderson Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Right

Purpose This study sought to fill a gap in the literature by examining the dynamics of neo-rural small entrepreneurs’ business activities as little research has been done on these individuals. The research was conducted in three of Portugal’s low density territories (i.e. Miranda do Douro, Penamacor and Aljezur), focusing on understanding these outsider entrepreneurs’ main motivations and challenges after they decide to leave the city to settle in rural areas and become small business owners. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in semi-structured interviews with 26 neo-rural entrepreneurs. The multiple-case study method was applied to assess the differences and similarities between the interviewees and their respective contexts. NVivo 11.0 software was used to conduct content analysis. Findings The results reveal that rural environments appear to attract these new entrepreneurs for various reasons, such as taking advantage of business opportunities, searching for a better quality of life and responding to family needs. The multiple motives contributing to the need for change and entrepreneurship fit well within social cognitive theory. However, these individuals subsequently experience difficulties related mainly to a lack of infrastructure, little preexisting knowledge, a need for financial capital and the absence of the right workforce. Originality/value The findings on the experiences, difficulties and challenges of neo-rural entrepreneurs constitute new contributions because few existing studies have concentrated on migration and/or immigration entrepreneurship in rural contexts. The results can serve as a starting point for other similar studies.

scholarly journals MERCADO DE TRABALHO RURAL NO MARANHÃO: apontamentos sobre a sua dinâmica no período de 2010 a 2019 e sua relação com a extrema pobreza

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Frednan Bezerra dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Third ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Traditional Cultures ◽  
Low Rate

RESUMO O ponto de partida para o estudo do mercado de trabalho rural no Maranhão é o processo crônico de empobrecimento da sua população e atraso relativo aos demais estados da Federação. É evidenciado, por meio de diversos indicadores que apontam o Maranhão com o maior percentual de pessoas em condições de extrema pobreza, o baixo índice de formalização e massa salarial no mercado de trabalho rural, além do baixo rendimento das culturas tradicionais, com destaque para a mandioca. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que descrever as características do mercado de trabalho rural no Maranhão, no período de 2010 a 2019, contribuirá para identificar fatores que determinam ou colaboram para a extrema pobreza no meio rural. O presente trabalho está estruturado em três capítulos, além da introdução e das considerações finais. No primeiro capítulo, são descritas as características do mercado de trabalho rural no Maranhão. No segundo, é destacada a baixa produtividade e a produção para o autoconsumo como fatores que determinam o comportamento do mercado de trabalho rural maranhense. Por fim, no terceiro, a extrema pobreza é explicada com base no comportamento do mercado de trabalho rural ABSTRACT The starting point for the study of the rural labor market in Maranhão is the chronic process of impoverishing its population and lagging the other states of the federation. What is evidenced by several indicators that point to Maranhão with the highest percentage of people in conditions of extreme poverty, the low rate of formalization and wage mass in the rural labor market, in addition to the low income of traditional cultures, with emphasis on the cassava. The research assumes that describing the characteristics of the rural labor market in Maranhão in the period from 2010 to 2019 will help to identify factors that determine or contribute to extreme poverty in rural areas. The present work is structured in three chapters, in addition to the introduction and the final considerations. In the first chapter, the characteristics of the rural labor market in Maranhão are described, in the second the low productivity and production for self-consumption is highlighted as factors that determine the behavior of the rural labor market in Maranhão and in the third the extreme poverty is explained from the behavior of the rural labor market.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy Beliefs of Early Career Teachers: A Qualitative Exploration from Odisha, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Apat ◽  
Pranaya Swain
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Education Act ◽  
The Right

After the enactment of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (popularly called RTE) teachers working in governmental schools in rural areas face the challenge of educating millions of first-generation learners, most of whom belong to socially and economically weaker sections. The education system of India has succeeded to some extent in enrolling these students in accessible schools. The quality of education provided in government schools, however, still remains a matter of concern. As reflected in several studies, most students do not have grade-specific learning levels. In popular discourse teachers are held responsible for the deteriorating condition of government schools. Usually portrayed as poorly-trained, frequently absent, work-shy, hard-to-please, and occasionally corrupt, teachers are going through a kind of identity crisis in contemporary India. Thus, on the one hand, we have the “quality problem”- the learning crisis prevalent in elementary schools, and on the other hand we have the “teacher problem”- the popular perception that the performance of teachers in government schools is substandard. These two sets of problems are entangled in such a way that one cannot to be addressed without grappling with the other. This paper seeks to explore efficacy beliefs of teachers. Previous research on teachers’ efficacy beliefs suggests that teachers with high sense of efficacy are likely to perform better than teachers with low self-efficacy. The strength of efficacy beliefs is also positively correlated with students’ learning levels. The data suggest that the participants of this study feel confident of their effectiveness but they do not refer to students’ learning outcomes while evaluating themselves as teachers. The source of their efficacy beliefs lies in their familiarity with students, experience of positive behavioural change in students and their own personality traits.

Contemporary Skepticism and the Cariesian God

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-497
Author(s):  
Jennifer Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Satisfactory Response ◽  
Cartesian Skepticism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Skeptical Problem ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

Although Descartes presents himself as an adversary of skepticism, in contemporary epistemology he is celebrated much more for his presentation of the skeptical problem than for his efforts to solve it. The ‘Cartesian skepticism’ of the evil genius argument remains a Standard starting point for current discussions, a starting point that is seen (by contextualists, for example) to provide such a powerful challenge to knowledge that while one as much as contemplates such arguments one loses the right to ascribe knowledge to anyone. Even Descartes's less radical skeptical arguments are still widely credited as having tremendous force: Barry Stroud, for example, argues at length that no satisfactory response has yet been given to the dream argument of the First Meditation. The Cartesian response to skepticism, on the other hand, is not nearly so warmly received. In the current literature on skepticism one does not find much resistance to Stroud's assessment of the Cartesian response to skepticism as utterly unpromising, nor to his diagnosis of its central fault: the Cartesian response depends on a series of theological claims that Descartes does not (or perhaps cannot) show to be plausible, let alone true.

A Group of East Greek Bronzes

1952 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
D. E. L. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
The Right

The six bronzes which it is convenient to take as our starting point have already attracted a certain amount of attention, partly because of their enigmatic subject and partly because they provide a good illustration of an early type of plough. All six bronzes are substantially identical (Plate I). Each represents a naked ploughman standing with feet apart, his left hand on the plough handle, his right behind his back. All are bearded and give the appearance of being bald, though this may not be intended. The ploughs consist of stock, tail with handle, beam, pole, and double yoke. No joints are shown between stock, tail, and beam, which are perhaps all three to be thought of as formed from a single piece of wood. The joint between beam and pole is carefully indicated by a slanting incision or by making them overlap each other. On all but one plough the yoke joins the pole without any suggestion of how it would be attached in real life. On the exception (no. 2) it is fastened by a rivet which allows a small turning movement checked by a lug on the pole. Like the ploughmen the two oxen of each team are standing still. They are yoked by their horns, one (sometimes the right, sometimes the left) facing forwards, the other reversed to face the ploughman. No satisfactory explanation of the reversed ox has been suggested. As Drachmann points out, it can hardly represent the turning of the plough at the end of the furrow; this is usually done by lifting the plough up by the tail and carrying it round. Possibly the reversed ox symbolises in a more general way the boustrophedon process of ploughing. But ploughing is so often part of fertility cult that an explanation is perhaps more likely to be found in ritual or magic.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

Association of Age, Birth order and Family Income with Psycho-social problems in Rural Adolescents

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Noorul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The present age is the age of stress. Everybody is disturbed due to one or the other reason irrespective of their age. However, adolescents are more prone to psychological and sociological disturbances.Objectives:To assess the psychosocial problems in adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted in selected schools of urban and rural areas taking 100 participants each for boys and girls using convenient sampling method. The tool used was youth self report. The data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study revealed that 48.5% adolescents were well adjusted; 47% were having mild psychosocial problems; 4% had moderate psychosocial problems and 0.5% had severe psychosocial problems.Conclusion: Adolescents irrespective of their living places had varying degrees of psychosocial problems. JMS 2017; 20 (2):90-95

Assessment of knowledge of oral health hygiene among coastal guards in the port trust of south Tamil Nadu - A public health awareness survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868
Author(s):  
Bianca Princeton ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Preetha S
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

Oral hygiene is defined as the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy, by brushing and flossing to prevent the occurrence of any gum diseases like periodontitis or gingivitis. The main aim of oral health hygiene is to prevent the buildup of plaque, which is defined as a sticky film of bacteria and food formed on the teeth. The coastal guard is an official who is employed to watch the sea near a coast for ships that are in danger or involved with illegal activities. Coastal guards have high possibilities of being affected by mesothelioma or lung cancer due to asbestos exposure. So, a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was created and circulated among a hundred participants who were coastal guards, through Google forms. The responses were recorded and tabulated in the form of bar graphs. Out of a hundred participants, 52.4% were not aware of the fact that coastal guards have high chances of developing lung cancer and Mesothelioma. 53.7% were aware of the other oral manifestations of lung cancer other than bleeding gums. Majority of the coastal guards feel that they are given enough information about dental hygiene protocols. Hence, to conclude, oral hygiene habits have to be elaborated using various tools in the right manner to ensure better health of teeth and gums.

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