scholarly journals The Religious Freedom in Crimea During the Russian Occupation

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Kseniia Denysenko ◽  
Olena Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Entire Picture ◽  
Great Danger

The article deals with the problem of religious freedom in Crimea after the occupation of the Peninsula by Russian military forces in February 2014 and the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. The subject matter of the study is religious freedom in Crimea during the Russian occupation since 2014. The systematic and the structural approach allow the authors to see the entire picture of religious freedoms violation on the Peninsula. The study hypothesizes that with the occupation and annexation of Crimea, Russia brought the collapse of the religious pluralism and freedom that Ukrainians had experienced since 1991. In this paper, the authors cover a wide range of issues such as torture of religious activists, destruction and the illegal seizure of religious property, persecution of Ukrainians on political and religious grounds, deportation of Crimea’s population to the mainland of Ukraine. The research establishes that the occupiers created unbearable conditions for religious freedom, the lives of many clergymen and believers appeared to be in great danger. Different religious communities, especially the representatives of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (the OCU), Crimean Muslim Tatars, suffered significantly from applying Russia’s severe criminal and administrative requirements. The analysis allows seeing the complete picture of religious discrimination of different denominations and cruel religious persecution in the annexed Crimea beginning from February 2014 till nowadays.

scholarly journals Moscow As An International Financial Centre

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Ogloblina
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Function

The creation, development, and function of the international financial centres (IFC)  is the subject of the international finance investigation. The article deals with the perspectives of the Russian IFC.  The paper embraces a wide range of challenges that are faced nowadays in the Russian Federation as a whole, and particularly Moscow. The article presents the comparative analyses of different rating and indices, which  reflect the current situation in the business and financial situation of the country.

scholarly journals Religious Freedom in the Time of the Pandemic

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Piotr Mazurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Restrictive Policy

The subject of the paper is the issue of restrictions on religious freedom during the COVID-19 pandemic imposed by European countries. The period under examination covers the interval from March to December 2020. The issue is analyzed from the point of view of respecting human rights in a situation of conflict between the values of public health and religious freedom. In this context, the perception of importance and urgency regarding the values that should be protected and the concept of “essential goods”, which are understood differently in secular and religious perspectives, are of particular importance. Another essential issue is not only the scope but also the “depth” of state intervention in the life of religious communities. In Europe, there was a wide variety of national approaches to restricting religious freedom in order to ensure public health. Some of them pursued a very restrictive policy in this area, others moderate, and others very soft. One also could observe the difference in decisions made by most countries during the first and the second waves of the pandemic. A significant element enabling a possible evaluation of the applied solutions is the matter of their duration. Are the introduced limitations only temporary, implemented due to the extraordinary situation, or should they be view as a part of a “radical political experiment”, as a result of which the very understanding of religious freedom and its place in the hierarchy of human rights will change. The arguments of a philosophical, theological, legal and sociological nature are analyzed issuing methods appropriate to each of these disciplines.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT LEGAL POSITION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON EXTREMIST CASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
N. F. Bodrov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Causes Of Failure ◽  
Expert Practice

Extremist cases are characterized by a set of features: a wide range of various criminal actions, their proof circumstances complexity, an ambiguous standard and legal regulation and other difficulties. This is a reason of diverse judicial and investigative practice formation. After analysis of judicial and investigative practice author reveals a num- ber of regularities which peculiar for affairs of this category. On the basis of all materials considered by the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation (46 cases on complaints consideration for the period from 1993 to 2017) the author analyses features of complaints and statutes which are the subject at appeal. Practice synthesis of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation on cases of anti-extremism legislation and description of legal position of the Constitutional court is a result of done analysis. The author reveals and describes substantial aspects of complaints which have been rejected by the Constitutional court. Recommendations about complaints preparation and submission are stated. Special attention is paid to those circumstances which are the basis of the Constitutional court practice and are standard causes of failure in complaint consideration. According to analysis practice results of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation the following provisions are proved: 1) practice of complaint consideration by the Constitutional court on cases of extremist offenses was already created and on certain questions is constantly reproduced in decisions, 2) law-linguistic uncertainty of anti-extremism legislation isn't an obstacle to its application, 3) results of judicial and expert researches are crucial for circumstances state and existence in expert practice of numerous collisions on similar affairs isn't a subject for the appeal in the Constitutional court. The research is done with financial support of RHSF on the agreement No. 16-33-01150.

scholarly journals Prospects for the development of e-commerce: opportunities and risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Irina Borisovna Stukalova
Keyword(s):  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Development Prospects

This article is dedicated to the development of e-commerce in the Russian Federation. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the growth rates of this segment of commerce. The goal lies in analysis of the prospects for the development of e-commerce, taking into account the potential opportunities and challenges for the consumers, retail businesses and national economy overall. The subject of this research is the process of development of the e-commerce market. The research employs institutional approach, which implies consideration of a wide range of noneconomic factors (social, scientific-technical, technological, etc.) in the theoretical analysis of the evolution of e-commerce. The information base contains the data from the Association of E-Commerce Companies, National Association of Mail Order and Distance Selling Trade, and the works of Russian and foreign scholars. The author offers a hierarchy of concepts: e-business, e-commerce, and online trade. Tracing the history of evolution of the forms of commerce proves that e-commerce is a type of distance trading. The proposed by the author stages of development of distance trading reveals the historical peaks of its development, including separation of e-commerce. The results of analysis of e-commerce market led to the following conclusions: 1) e-commerce is one of the dynamically developing sectors of the economy, which generates new job opportunities and tax revenues; 2) the key prerequisites for the active development of e-commerce market consist in processes of digitalization and globalization of the economy; 3) the COVID-19 pandemic became a catalyst for the development of e-commerce. The development of e-commerce creates a range of opportunities and risks for all parties involved: the state, business entities, and consumers. The opportunities and risks outlined by the author may contribute to elaboration of measures aimed at utilization of opportunities and mitigation of risk caused by the development of e-commerce, which would determine its development prospects.

scholarly journals Conceptualisation of the phenomenon of war in contemporary Russian military thought: General Gerasimov’s contribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-283
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Theoretical Results

The paper conducts research on the understanding of war in Russian military thought from 2013 to 2019, during which time General of the Army Valery Gerasimov was (and still is) the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Also, the subject matter of the research study is his personal stimulus to the intensification of the studies of the nature, character, physiognomy and types of contemporary war in the Russian military-scientific community, as well as the theoretical results obtained by Russian authors in that particular field in recent years. Essentially, the research effort made by the author of this paper focuses on the analysis of the formulations used by Russian authors to explain/define the content and scope of the term ?war?, as well as the interpretation of the typology of wars devised by some of them. A special reference has been made regarding the understanding of the so-called hybrid war in contemporary Russian military thought. For the purpose of the analysis, studies/monographs or scientific papers published in eminent Russian military scientific or professional journals by the relevant authors (most frequently retired military personnel, primarily those with the rank of colonel or general) from the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were chosen. The research results presented in this paper can be useful to domestic political science, i.e., to the system of military sciences, in the sense of enriching the types of knowledge with respect to the comprehension of war and the potential commencement of the fundamental (according to their essence, partly philosophical) research studies dealing with that topic.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Todd Backes ◽  
Charlene Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Controlled

There are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the self-propelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a self-propelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills.

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