The impact of income level on childhood asthma in the USA: a secondary analysis study during 2011-2012

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Jalal Al Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of obesity on life expectancy among different European countries: secondary analysis of population-level data over the 1975–2012 period

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e028086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Vidra ◽  
Sergi Trias-Llimós ◽  
Fanny Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThis study assesses the impact of obesity on life expectancy for 26 European national populations and the USA over the 1975–2012 period.DesignSecondary analysis of population-level obesity and mortality data.SettingEuropean countries, namely Austria, Belarus, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Russian Federation, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and the UK; and the USA.ParticipantsNational populations aged 18–100 years, by sex.MeasurementsUsing data by age and sex, we calculated obesity-attributable mortality by multiplying all-cause mortality (Human Mortality Database) with obesity-attributable mortality fractions (OAMFs). OAMFs were obtained by applying the weighted sum method to obesity prevalence data (non-communicable diseases (NCD) Risk Factor Collaboration) and European relative risks (Dynamic Modeling for Health Impact Assessment (DYNAMO- HIA)). We estimated potential gains in life expectancy (PGLE) at birth by eliminating obesity-attributable mortality from all-cause mortality using associated single-decrement life tables.ResultsIn the 26 European countries in 2012, PGLE due to obesity ranged from 0.86 to 1.67 years among men, and from 0.66 to 1.54 years among women. In all countries, PGLE increased over time, with an average annual increase of 2.68% among men and 1.33% among women. Among women in Denmark, Switzerland, and Central and Eastern European countries, the increase in PGLE levelled off after 1995. Without obesity, the average increase in life expectancy between 1975 and 2012 would have been 0.78 years higher among men and 0.30 years higher among women.ConclusionsObesity was proven to have an impact on both life expectancy levels and trends in Europe. The differences found in this impact between countries and the sexes can be linked to contextual factors, as well as to differences in people’s ability and capacity to adopt healthier lifestyles.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TANDA TERIMA KASIH DAN TINGKAT PENDAPATAN APARATUR TERHADAP GRATIFIKASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulius Yulius
Keyword(s):  
Income Level ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
The Impact

The Governments in carrying out its function, is constrained by gratification practices that conducted with the apparatus, this research aims to discover the influence of people's habits in their gratitude to the gratification; The impact of apparatus’ income level to the gratification;the impact of community habits that show their gratitude and the income levels of the apparatus collectively to the gratification. This research instrument used the questionnaires which distributed to the apparatus, with the conclusion: Community's habits that represent their gratitude for gratification; the income level of the apparatus impact the gratification; the community's habits that represent their gratitude and the apparatus’ income level as together affecting the gratification, even contributing 40.4% of the gratification.Keywords: habit; income; gratification

SCENARIOS FOR AN EXPANDING DEMAND OF TOURISM ON THE COASTS OF CUBA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Gutiérrez-Bolívar ◽  
Oscar Gutiérrez-Bolívar ◽  
Pedro Fernández Carrasco ◽  
Pedro Fernández Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

The opening of relationships between United States and Cuba could be a drive for a huge increase in the affluence of tourism to Cuba and especially to the coast areas. Cuba has been for many years an important tourist destination for people from many countries, but almost forbidden for US citizens. The proximity of the USA, its amount of population as well as their great acquisition power will increase in a very substantial way the demand for accommodation and other uses in the proximity of the coasts. There will be a need to implement a package of measures that reduce the impact of such sudden increase in the coastal line. On the other hand that augment in tourism could be an opportunity to improve the standard of life of Cubans. The consideration of different possibilities of such development, the analysis of the damages that each one could cause as well as the measures that could avoid, ameliorate or compensate such effects are the goals that are going to be presented in this paper.

Socio-Technological Aspects of Automation in Public Works Activities

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 633-643
Author(s):  
William F. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Training Problem ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
The Impact

The history of human society is replete with examples of advances in technology overrunning the ability of societal organizations to efficiently handle the resulting massive societal dislocations. The social impacts of the “Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th Centuries” illustrate how profound such effects can be. The automation-computer-robotics revolution now underway also has the potential for serious societal changes. In this regard public works activities are subject to increasing amounts of automation with impacts upon current and net total employment and training needs. To evaluate the present status of automation in the USA, questionnaires were sent to public works authorities in 110 cities or agencies. The current degree of automation, the impact upon employment and the skills now needed by public works employers were queried. It was found that in most cases automation was just starting; but that as complete automation as was possible was inevitable given the increasing complexity of the tasks, the demands of the public and the long term prospects for public works funding. In many cases the candidates now in the work force were not properly trained for automation needs. Retraining and changes in the educational system appeared necessary if the employees now needed were to be continuously available. Public works management as well as several labor organizations appeared to be aware of this need and were organizing to handle the training problem and the changes in employment qualifications now necessary. It appeared to be a consensus that the larger societal effects of automation should be handled by society as a whole.

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