Magnetic pulse welding is a solid-state joining technology, based on the use of electromagnetic forces to deform and to weld workpieces. Since no external heat sources are used during the magnetic pulse welding process, it offers important advantages for the joining of dissimilar material combinations. Although magnetic pulse welding has emerged as a novel technique to join metallic tubes, the dimensional consistency of the joint assembly due to the strong impact of the flyer tube onto the target tube and the resulting plastic deformation is a major concern. Often, an internal support inside the target tube is considered as a solution to improve the stiffness of the joint assembly. A detailed investigation of magnetic pulse welding of Cu-DHP flyer tubes and 11SMnPb30 steel target tubes is performed, with and without an internal support inside the target tubes, and using a range of experimental conditions. The influence of the key process conditions on the evolution of the joint between the tubes with progress in time has been determined using experimental investigations and numerical modelling. As the process is extremely fast, real-time monitoring of the process conditions and evolution of important responses such as impact velocity and angle, and collision velocity, which determine the formation of a metallic bond, is impossible. Therefore, an integrated approach using a computational model using a finite-element method is developed to predict the progress of the impact of the flyer onto the target, the resulting flyer impact velocity and angle, the collision velocity between the flyer and the target, and the evolution of the welded joint, which are usually impossible to measure using experimental observations.
A smart passive MR damper with a hybrid powering system for impact mitigation: An experimental study
