Trading Favors for Marketing Advantage: Evidence from Hong Kong, China, and the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam-hon Lee ◽  
Gong-ming Qian ◽  
Julie H. Yu ◽  
Ying Ho
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Risk Recognition ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Marketing Activities

This study examines the risk-taking paradigm in the context of international marketing activities. It explores the causes of questionable business practices of Hong Kong executives in international marketing activities and further substantiates the findings with two replication samples (i.e., Mainland Chinese executives and U.S. executives). The authors find that the nature of the corruption proposal and the operating business environment affect Hong Kong executives’ risk-taking behavior (i.e., risk recognition, risk adjustment, and risky choice). The behaviors of Mainland Chinese executives and U.S. executives show a different picture. Developmental and cultural differences among the three economies explain the discrepancies.

Conceptualizations of sociopolitical culture in Hong Kong and Mainland China

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Ray C. H. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Occupy Central ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

Abstract This study of media discourse focuses on how the sociopolitical culture in Hong Kong and Mainland China is conceptualized by the English-speaking press. To this end, the present research studies newspaper articles on the Hong Kong Occupy Central Movement published in Britain, the United States, and Australia. Cultural Linguistics, combined with corpus analytical techniques, is used to examine the construals of hong kong and mainland china. A 303,455-word corpus which contains 402 articles was compiled for data analysis. It is found that the disagreement between the Hong Kong civilians and the Mainland Chinese government is often reported with metonymical conceptualizations (place for inhabitants versus place for the institution). In general, the sociopolitical culture in Hong Kong and Mainland China is imbued with negative emotions, disharmony, and power differences, as is evident from the body, illness, disease, container, and possession conceptualizations. At the end of this paper, issues about researching conceptualizations in newspaper texts, such as the journalistic input, are discussed.

Antitrust Enforcement and State Restraints at the Mainland China-Hong Kong Interface: The Importance of Bilateral Antitrust Co-operation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Hiu Fai KWOK
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Careful Design

AbstractThis article argues that effective co-operation between the antitrust authorities of Mainland China and Hong Kong in antitrust enforcement and the removal of anti-competitive state restraints is essential to the promotion of market competition in, as well as free trade and economic integration between, the two regions. This entails the careful design and conclusion of a bilateral co-operation agreement embracing not only comity co-peration in antitrust enforcement, but also the adoption of a diplomatic solution of mutual self-restraint for the removal of anti-competitive state restraints at the Mainland China-Hong Kong interface. This would also require the co-operation of Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong government authorities. Only with such bilateral cooperation can anti-competitive business practices and state restraints obstructing free trade and economic integration between the two regions be eliminated.

scholarly journals Validation of the Thomson, Perry and Miller (2007) Collaboration Instrument in the South African context

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Roberts ◽  
René Van Wyk ◽  
Nelesh Dhanpat
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Value Add

Orientation: Collaboration is deemed important in today’s connected and complex business environment. People’s ability to collaborate with each other in organisations is becoming a business imperative. This study focuses on a valid measurement of collaboration within organisations.Research purpose: Thomson, Perry and Miller (2007) developed a collaboration measurement instrument in the United States. The aim of this study was to validate this instrument for a South African context.Motivation for the study: South African organisations face unique challenges that require optimal use of resources to improve business results. Effective collaboration is considered a powerful strategy to achieve this. Measuring the extent of collaboration can help to identify required changes in business practices. As far as could be established, there is no evidence of collaboration instruments developed and validated in South Africa.Research design, approach and method: Additional items were designed for further development of the Thomson, Perry and Miller (2007) Collaboration Instrument sub-scales, as suggested by the authors. The revised questionnaire consisting of 31 (17 existing, 14 new) items was distributed electronically to 4200 employees in two organisations, with 343 valid responses received. Reliability and construct validity were tested, as was convergent validity of the norms factor with the Trust in Teams Scale.Main findings: The results of the study support a four-factor, 29-item model of collaboration when applied to a South African sample. Cronbach’s alpha ranged between 0.85 and 0.95. Confirmatory Factor Analysis fits were at an acceptable level. Convergent validity showed a moderate fit with the data.Practical/managerial implications: South African managers and human resources practitioners can utilise results to foster a collaborative environment.Contribution/value-add: This study builds on the theoretical concept of collaboration as defined by Thomson, Perry and Miller (2007).

International Marketing Involvement: The Construct, Dimensionality, and Measurement

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Gencturk ◽  
Terry L. Childers ◽  
Robert W. Ruekert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Product Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Marketing Operations

The growing importance of international marketing operations for the survival and success of an increasing number of businesses underscores the need to understand their involvement in these activities. To this end, this article proposes an eclectic and multidimensional definition as well as a new measure of international marketing involvement where equity, administrative, and operational components represent the three distinct behavioral means that can be utilized by a business to perform foreign marketing activities. Based upon a field study conducted in the United States of 45 firms and 78 product market units, evidence is supportive of the internal consistency and construct validity of the proposed measure of international marketing involvement (IMI).

Part III Beyond the Transatlantic Corridor, 8 China and Hong Kong—Competition and Symbiosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Cally
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Competitive Model

This chapter assesses Chinese capital markets. The starting point of modern Chinese capital markets can be identified as 1978, but momentum only gradually developed in the 1990s with the reintroduction of stock exchanges and the adoption of, first, companies legislation and then a securities act. As capital markets institutions and practices appeared in China, regulatory frameworks, imported primarily from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Hong Kong, arose around them. One of the secret ingredients to the dynamism of Chinese capital markets has been Hong Kong. Rather than an all-out competitive model, symbiosis marks the relationship between the mainland Chinese exchanges and HKEx. Indeed, there are continued endeavours to encourage integration between the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE), the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), and HKEx.

scholarly journals Betrayal Aversion: Evidence from Brazil, China, Oman, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States: Comment

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E Bolton ◽  
Axel Ockenfels
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Choice ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Risky Option ◽  
Betrayal Aversion

In a series of binary choice problems, we investigate how a chooser's risk taking changes when others share in their personal risk, either equally or unequally. We find that when the safe option yields inequality, the risky option is taken significantly more often. On the other hand, the inequality resulting from the risky choice does not affect risk taking. We also find that choosers tend to be less risk-averse in a one-person context compared to when the risk also affects the payoff of another. (C72, D81, Z13)

scholarly journals What Will Happen with the Hong Kong Stock Exchange After 2047?

2021 ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Christina D. Chirkova
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Special Administrative Region ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
Hong Kong Stock Exchange

The author analyzes the history of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX) development and the possible consequences of Hong Kong autonomy liquidation. Since Hong Kong’s economy is based on free-market principles and is notable for low taxation and state non-interference, the stock exchange is one of the main institutions contributing to the economic development of Hong Kong as a special administrative region. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Chinese authorities have made active attempts to change the special autonomous status of Hong Kong. In 2003, mainland Chinese authorities tried to promote the Law on Protection of National Security. The initiative drew criticism from Hong Kong residents and led to large-scale protests. A wave of protests in Hong Kong in 2014 was provoked by Beijing’s attempt to control local elections in the autonomous region. In 2019, the PRC government attempted to pass an extradition law, which triggered a new wave of social tension. Beijing’s interventions affected the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Index and the economic health of the special administrative region. There are known cases in which the fall of a major stock index led to economic collapse. For example, the 1929 stock market crash, known as the Wall Street crash, caused the Great Depression in the United States, while the Dow Jones index drop of October 19, 1987, also had influence on the world economy by affecting the stock indices of other countries. In recent years, it has become increasingly difficult to separate Hong Kong’s political autonomy from its economic strength. The current “one country — two systems” policy ensures the status quo for Hong Kong’s stock exchange and prevents Beijing from regulating it. But the abolition of autonomy in 2047 will entail not only political but also economic changes that could affect all of Hong Kong’s financial structures.

The Enduring Cult of The Bride with White Hair: Chivalry and the Monstrous Other in the Hong Kong Fantasy-Horror

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Conjoined Twins ◽  
White Hair ◽  
Horror Film ◽  
Love Affair

The Bride with White Hair (Ronny Yu, 1993) tells the tale of a heroic swordsman’s ill-fated love affair with a woman transformed by hatred into a white-haired killer, elevated the figure of the frosty-follicled executioner into one of the most enduring icons of the Hong Kong horror film. The timelessness and mysticism of the story lends itself to a highly hybridized type of horror, offering wuxia (swordplay), magical fantasy, romance and erotic scintillation alongside bloody fights, savage violence, and a monstrous depiction of malevolent conjoined twins. This chapter examines this film as emblematic of a particular cultural moment in the development of the Hong Kong fantasy-horror, appealing to a global fanbase for its supposedly transgressive and erotic content, and analyses the film in terms of its generic hybridity, its depictions of disability and morality, as well as in the context of the international marketing and reception of cult Hong Kong horror of the 1990s.

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