Chapter Three A Harvest of Knowledge and Ambition: Rōnō and the Rise of Agricultural Associations

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-101
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Associations

scholarly journals Interaction of Community and Family Patterns of Life in Southern Villages (Based on Research Materials of 2018)

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Namrueva
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Associations ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Way ◽  
Collective Farms

There is a combination of two and more household practices – collective and family ones in a modern village. The author of the article describes the changes of collective farms in the South of Russia in the early 21st century. During the transformations of the 1990s, the collective way of life supported the village, rural society in the struggle for survival, thereby preventing social cataclysms. Former Soviet state farms and collective farms turned into agricultural organizations (agricultural associations) or gradually disappeared. The author analyzes the fate of collective farms in such South Russian regions as the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan and Volgograd regions, Stavropol region, which are large agricultural producers. Collective farms in these regions could not avoid the disastrous consequences of the agrarian reforms of the 1990s, which resulted in a huge number of "abandoned" villages left without village-forming enterprises. The researcher analyzes some results of sociological research conducted in summer–autumn 2018 in the studied South Russian regions. 400 rural residents, 100 people in each subject were interviewed. The results of the study demonstrate that the way of private farms (36 %) is common in all analyzed regions. This is followed by PFEs (peasant farm enterprises) (15 %), agricultural enterprises (9 %). The number of agricultural associations and the number of their employees have significantly decreased. Small farms of the population are the basis of the agricultural society of the regions under consideration. The author defines three urgent problems of four regions. They are the following: a decent wage, a good leader suggesting the way out of a difficult situation, consolidation of young people in the countryside. The analysis shows that interaction between collective and family patterns of life is gradually dimming. The owners of private farms are becoming more autonomous, their dependence on the farm is gradually disappearing.

scholarly journals Storage of grains and technical plants through active ventilation for the purpose of maintaining the quality of stored products

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Anişoara Pӑun ◽  
Gheorghe Stroescu ◽  
Alexandru Zaica ◽  
Samir Yasbeck Khozamy ◽  
Ana Zaica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage System ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Agricultural Associations ◽  
And Storage

The problem of grain storage and storage can be approached from two perspectives: storage and storage of cereals and technical plants within individual agricultural holdings; storage and storage of cereals and technical plants within agricultural associations and companies. At the level of Romania, the storage and storage of cereals at small agricultural producers are deficient in terms of ensuring optimal storage conditions according to standards. These variants include: preservation at low temperatures; preservation by active aeration; self-preservation; chemical preservation; conservation with the help of radiation. In the paper we will approach the conservation by active aeration because it folds better for small agricultural producers. Proper aeration is one of the most important processes in a grain storage system and is essential for maintaining the quality of stored products. Aeration means the movement of a relatively small volume of air through the grain mass in order to control the temperature of the grain and to reduce the risk of product degradation. The two main objectives of aeration are to maintain a uniform temperature in the grain mass and at the same time the temperature must be as low as possible from a practical point of view. The paper will present the results of experiments for storing bulk grain in a metal cell with central aeration system, which is based on a patent. This type of storage system can be used successfully in small agricultural producers.

The Gendering of the Postwar Agricultural Labor Shortage in Saxony, 1918–1925

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bright Jones
Keyword(s):  
Single Women ◽  
Labor Shortage ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Agricultural Associations ◽  
Gender Divisions ◽  
Absolute Correlation

In March 1922, with spring planting imminent, the Agricultural Chamber of the Saxon Freestate surveyed 790 local agricultural associations, seeking information on the character and dimensions of the rural labor shortage. 640 reports were returned within six weeks, signaling Saxon farmers' desperation to be heard. According to their estimates, Saxon agriculture lacked a minimum of 7,834 men and 11,164 women, or just under 19,000 workers. Despite the substantial number of men needed, farmers overwhelmingly bemoaned the lack of young, single women willing and able to work in Saxon agriculture, and warned of dire consequences for both agricultural producers and the general public if the crisis were not resolved. Indeed, small and medium-sized Saxon farmers' testimonies about the postwar labor shortage linked agriculture's potential for recovery to the preservation of prewar gender divisions of labor, and drew an absolute correlation between the postwar shortage of women's labor and the impending ruin of family farms.

scholarly journals What is the importance of social capital in Czech agriculture? An analysis of selected components

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pospěch ◽  
D. Spěšná
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Associations ◽  
Personal Social Networks

The paper examines the role of social capital in Czech agricultural sector. It is argued that social capital, just like economic capital, can be employed as a resource for the improvement of economic performance of agricultural enterprises. This hypothesis is tested on a sample of primary data and an analysis of the selected indicators of social capital is presented. These include personal social networks, membership in agricultural associations and access to sources of information. Following the results, it is argued that the presence of informal personal ties displays a stronger relationship to the entrepreneurial success than formal membership in agricultural associations. This outcome suggests a comparatively strong role of social capital in the dynamics of the sector.

scholarly journals Femina oeconomica. Fighting against Landflucht in the Program of Agrarian Women’s Movement in Prussia before the Outbreak of World War I

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szudarek
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
World War ◽  
Reform Programme ◽  
Agricultural Associations ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Agrarian Movement ◽  
Gain Access

Abstract In February 1914, the Agricultural Associations of Housewives, operating in the Eastern provinces of Prussia since the 1890s, were subordinated to organisations responsible for the development of agriculture in Prussia, which were dominated by conservatives and noble landowners. This came about on the initiative of some influential agrarians, who, in this way, wanted to strengthen their influence in rural areas, as well as to include the women’s agrarian movement in combating the outflow of labour from agriculture. The women’s organizations, having been politicized in this way and adopted by agrarian leaders after 1908, were to implement a new strategy for preventing the migration of rural population to cities. This is as a resulted of the partial support for Heinrich Sohnrey’s programme and his concept of improving the quality of life in rural areas. Elisabet Boehm, the founder of the associations, from the very beginning of their existence, sought to cooperate with agricultural organizations. She believed that this would be the only way for members to gain access to the expertise for implementing the main point of the association’s agenda, i.e. the professionalization of women’s work in rural areas. The article focuses on explaining the circumstances that led to the interest of the agrarians in the women’s agrarian movement and its inclusion in the reform programme for rural prosperity launched just before the war and showing that the cooperation was primarily aimed at using the associations to strengthen their influence in rural areas.

scholarly journals THE IDEA OF AN AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PAST AND THE FUTURE, WITHIN AND BEYOND NATIONAL BORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 (6) ◽  
pp. 204-222
Author(s):  
OLGA V. HUNGER ◽  
◽  
SANDZHI V. KOTEEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agricultural Society ◽  
Agricultural Associations ◽  
The Future ◽  
National Borders

Historical memory is an important foundation in the development of the modern world. The Moscow Society of Agriculture (MOSKh) left behind a rich historical legacy, which left an imprint not only on the development of the agricultural industry in Russia, but, most likely, influenced the formation of agricultural associations abroad. Since the end of 1885, the German Agricultural Society (DLG — DLG) has existed in Germany. Historical facts confirm the similarity of the ideas for the creation of both organizations, and the fact of DLG’s successful activity for almost 135 years suggests that these ideas are relevant to this day.

scholarly journals “This Is Our Bank”: Agricultural Associations and Their Role in Two Swabian Villages in Satu Mare From the Regime Change to the Present

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regime Change ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Associations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agrarian Transformation ◽  
Voluntary Basis ◽  
Monopoly Position

Abstract The study examines the impact of the agricultural associations of two Swabian settlements – Mezőfény (Foieni) and Mezőpetri (Petrești) – on the local economy and society. Agricultural associations played an important role at the beginning of the process of agrarian transformation after the regime change in Romania. The successor organisations of the socialist agricultural associations, now established on a voluntary basis, were able to counteract the impoverishment caused by the reparcelling or forced reparcelling of land during the long transitional period, while at the same time exploiting their monopoly position to prevent the emergence of individual and family farmers. The risk-averse, self-reliant economic model of the associations is reminiscent of the peasant, self-sufficient farm organisation. The associations can thus be seen as a very specific form of post-socialist post-peasant production systems.

Tax-Motivated Expense Shifting by Tax-Exempt Associations

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Agricultural Associations ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Unrelated Business

Tax-exempt organizations are subject to the Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT) on the profits of business activities unrelated to their exempt mission. This study extends recent research on the expense allocations of charitable nonprofit organizations by examining a group of noncharitable nonprofits—primarily trade, labor, and agricultural associations—that differ from charitable nonprofits on a number of dimensions. The paper tests for tax-motivated expense shifting by associations. Data is obtained from the IRS Statistics of Income Division, and is supplemented by data requested from associations. Reported unrelated business expenses are compared to those predicted by a regression model to estimate expense shifting. Associations are estimated to shift approximately 20–21 percent of the expenses reported on their UBIT returns. Further analysis calls into question the validity of the estimation model, and suggests that expense shifting may be understated in this and previous studies.

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