scholarly journals The Enigma of Consciousness – Philosophic and Scientific Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
A A Skutchanova ◽  
B Saniova
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Scientific Approach

Abstract Consciousness is enigmatic beast. It is present with us, comforting, and intuitive core of us. Yet this familiar beast, if we try to touch and describe it, escapes. Questioning and exploring consciousness accompanies mankind since ever. In 20th century we met never before seen states of severe disorders of consciousness – nonresponding people with eyes wide open. Also advancements in general anesthesia made us reexplore this phenomena. Article sums up current philosophic and two most prominent current neuroscientific approaches to what consciousness is and how we can assess it in other human beings. These theories may extend our understanding of ourselves and also help to asses this core quality in our patients in moments, when they do not intelligibly respond or do not respond at all.

Personhood and Disorders of Consciousness: Finding Room in Person-Centered Healthcare

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Bianca Andrade ◽  
Marco Antonio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Definition Of

Advocates of the Person-Centered Healthcare (PCH) approach say that PCH is a response to a failure of caring for patients as persons. Nevertheless, there are many human subjects falling to fulfill the requirements of a traditional philosophical definition of personhood. Hence, if we take, PCH seriously, a greater clarification of the key terminology of PCH is urgently needed. It seems necessary, for instance, that the concept of the person should be extended in order to include those individuals with insipient or immature levels of consciousness, as well as those who are severely and permanently mentally handicapped. In this article, we will depart from some well-known philosophical concepts of what it means to be a person and try to offer a broader and more inclusive meaning. We suggest that persons are human beings with a socially recognized biography, which implies to recognize as persons individuals with necessities, but also with narratives about their interests and claims, expressed sometimes by other people related to them. This is particularly the case of individuals that suffer from severe disorders of consciousness. For those, is not only care that matters; respect matters too. Caregivers should therefore not only sympathetically care for the well-being of these people; they should also be concerned to respect their interests and claims by interpreting them empathetically, in the light of their biographical story. Our conclusion is that, in order to be coherent, PCH must consider individuals with severe disorders of consciousness as persons and we think that our revised concept of personhood fits with this requirement.

ADVANCES IN MEDICAL GENETICS

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
J. R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Medical Genetics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Scientific Approach

Although advances in medical genetics are designed ultimately to help human beings receive better health care, they pose many problems for society. Some of these concerns are real, but others result from misunderstanding and/or misrepresentation of the true implication of certain developments in genetics. It is obvious that the geneticist must play a dual role in society as scientist and as advocate. Although such a duality or role is not easy, it is not impossible. However, it does mean that the training of the medical geneticist must include more than exposure to the scientific approach.

scholarly journals Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA/SMK Berbasis Teks

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Ambalegin Ambalegin ◽  
Suhardianto Suhardianto
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Knowledge Capability ◽  
And Training

The implementation of the Curriculum 2013 is noble because it implements attitudes, knowledge, and skills integrated in every subject. The curriculum 2013 uses a scientific approach in each teaching implementation thus the students are taught to prioritize inductive compared to deductive reasoning. English is a core lesson and a skill in SMA/SMK must be taught by teachers who have competence in transferring knowledge, but they are constrained in the application of a scientific approach to text-based English teaching (texbook-based approach). The purpose of this training is to open the horizons of English teachers in applying two approaches in teaching English at SMA/SMK level in the classroom. The method implemented was public education and training with the techniques of lecturing, discussing, and demonstrating. The result of this training was the improvement of the teachers’ capability in teaching English by collaborating the scientific approach and textbook-based approach in the classroom. This training was the importance of developing the potential of students to become human beings who believe and fear God Almighty, have good morality, health, knowledge, capability, creativity, and independence, and be democratic and responsible citizens.

scholarly journals Theory of Alamin (A Formation of Universal Communication Formula)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aminullah
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Universal Relationship ◽  
Universal Communication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Theory Formula

Studies of this study need to be done to understand the basic nature of communication, so that the formation of a universal communication formula. The communication formula constructed in the theory of nature, explains that communication can be done in the form of a universal relationship ,not limited to the relationship between fellow human beings. It turns out that communication can be done in the form of relationships with all the elements that exist in the Universe of the universe is based on only one aspect of the relationship can be done on the need. Relationships that are built on necessities are an absolute right for humans to survive in their lives. The methodological approach in this research is the scientific approach that is built based on the discipline of ALAMTOLOGI. The communication formulas that are awakened in natural theory based on the discipline of ALAMTOLOGI communication and applied on all aspects of human relationships with others scientifically, systematically and universally in everyday life in a harmony way. The NAMORY THEORY formula is X + Z (Y) ⤇ g Hp and X - Z (0) ⤇ g Cp. Based on this concept the implementation of communication of this formula in the implementation of communication can ensure its attainment to the value of harmony or lameness value. Good communication is harmony communication. 

scholarly journals Interference of age and repetition of the same noxious stimulus on hyperalgesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 777-782
Author(s):  
Jose F. Ibañez ◽  
Irimar P. Posso ◽  
Verena Wallace
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Noxious Stimulus ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Pain Memory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Kind ◽  
Von Frey Filaments

Pain in animals has been recognized for less than one century. Several authors confirm that animals are capable to process, register and modulate nociceptive stimuli in a very similar way to human kind and there are several evidences registering the impact of pain sensation over vital systems interfering on disease outcome. Nevertheless, despite some evidences that animals, as human beings, can store information from past painful experiences less is known about how this so called pain memory works. The aims of this study were: to evaluate if the response to a painful stimuli differs during different stages of life and if repetition of a same acute stimuli in the same animal interferes with expression of hyperalgesia. Thus, 60 rats were selected and arranged in 3 equal groups: 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months of age. All animals were injected 5% formalin solution in the plantar face of hind paw under volatile general anesthesia. Von Frey filaments were applied at 1h, 24h and 48h after sensitization. Injection was repeated twice with a 30-day interval, each time in a different hind paw. Results showed that younger rats express lower hyperalgesia thresholds in the first stimulation compared to elder animals and that repetition of same stimulus diminishes hyperalgesia thresholds when it begins during infant period and augments hyperalgesia thresholds when it begins during elder ages.

scholarly journals Implementasi Etika Ekologis Dalam Konservasi Lingkungan : Tawaran Solusi Dari Al-Qur’an

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nur Afiyah Febriani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ecological Ethics ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
East And West ◽  
Holy Book ◽  
The Way

<div><p><strong>Abstract :</strong> This paper tries to compare between anthroposentrical paradigm and a theory of conservation called by ecocentrism, the theory try to combine the universal teachings of holy book and science on safeguarding of stable ecosystem of the world. By using thematic method (this method usually applied in investigating several contemporary problems belong to people in the term of contextualization of Holy Book’s message which in this case is al-Qur’an), and supporting by the scientific approach from East and West, this paper expounds the description of al-Qur’an on the concept of ecological ethics which encompassed in a theory which I call with ecohumanist-theocentric. This theory necessarily demands a harmonious inter-connection and interaction between human being and himself (ḥabl ma‘a nafsih), human being and other human beings (ḥabl ma‘a ikhwānih), human being and nature (ḥabl ma‘a bī’atih), human being and God (ḥabl ma‘a khāliqih). This implementation of universal teachings of al-Qur’an for world’s society is considered as an applicative and comprehensive solution which is offered by al-Qur’an in the way to answer the problems of environmental harm. </p><p><em>Keywords : ecology, conservation, ecoscentrism, theocentrism, ecohumanist-theocentric.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p><p><strong>Abstrak :</strong> Dalam rangka membandingkan antara paradigma antroposentris dengan sebuah teori lingkungan yang disebut dengan ekosentrisme dibutuhkan sebuah teori yang menyatukan antara ajaran universal dari kitab suci dan sains tentang pemeliharaan kestabilan ekosistem dunia. Dengan menggunakan metode tematik sebagai pisau analisis, karena metode ini lazimnya dipakai untuk mengkaji problematika kontemporer umat sebagai upaya kontekstualisasi pesan kitab suci yang dalam kesempatan ini adalah al-Qur’an, serta dilengkapi dengan pendekatan sains dari Timur dan Barat, tulisan ini mengulas seputar deskripsi al-Qur’an tentang konsep etika ekologis yang terangkum dalam sebuah teori yang penulis sebut dengan teori ekohumanis teosentris. Yaitu sebuah teori yang meniscayakan interkoneksi dan interaksi harmonis antara manusia dengan dirinya sendiri (ḥabl ma‘a nafsih), manusia dengan sesama manusia (ḥabl ma‘a ikhwānih), manusia dengan alam raya (ḥabl ma‘a bī’atih) dan manusia dengan Allah (ḥabl ma‘a khāliqih). Implementasi ajaran universal al-Qur’an ini bagi masyarakat dunia dianggap sebagai solusi aplikatif komprehensif yang ditawarkan al-Qur’an dalam menjawab permasalahan kerusakan lingkungan.</p><p><em>Kata-kata Kunci : ekologi, konservasi lingkungan, ekosentrisme, teosentrisme, ekohumanis-teosentris.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals The neuroethics of agency: the problem of attributing mental states to people with disorders of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-250
Author(s):  
Marco Azevedo ◽  
Bianca Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative State ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Akinetic Mutism ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Intentional Behavior ◽  
Great Utility

How can we be certain that another creature is a conscious being? One path is to rely on introspective reports we can grasp in communication or observation of their behavior. Another path is to infer mentality and consciousness by means of markers tied to their intentional behavior, that is, agency. In this paper we will argue that even if agency is a marker of consciousness in several normal instances (paradigmatically, for mature and healthy human beings), it is not a good marker in several pathological instances, such as the blindsight case, the vegetative state, the akinetic mutism and the locked-in syndrome. If we are right, this can be of great utility in neuroethics; for those kinds of disorders of consciousness are not, after all, instances of complete absence of consciousness.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dhikrullah on Brain Health According to Neuroscience

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Iskandar Iskandar ◽  
M. Dirhamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Brain Waves ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Alpha Waves

Dhikrullah according to verse 2 of chapter al-Anfal and verse 28 of chapter ar-Rad in the Koran has a vibrational effect on the calmness of the heart. Dhikrullah has been practiced by Muslims for more than a thousand years, but the explanation of the implications of the dhikrullah's vibration on human health from the neuroscience approach has yet to be completed. This study is an academic response to get scientific answers about the influence of dhikrullah on the health of the human brain. The attention of Islamic scholars to dhikrullah phenomena from the scientific approach is still far from hope, so the explanation of the effects of the dhikrullah's vibration on human mental health has not been completed. In this study, the authors used combined data, qualitative data from 4 respondents to find the model of dhikrullah and quantitative data from 10 subjects to obtain samples of brain waves through Electro Encephalo Graf (EEG) to see the effects of the dhikrullah on human brain waves. The results of the study show that the brain tends to adjust its frequency with the frequency of the sound stimulus it receives through the ear. Dhikrullah's vibration influences beta waves and alpha waves on the subject's brain waves while running the dhikrullah. According to EEG, dhikrullah is proven to be able to present alpha waves as a stimulus to neurotransmitters in the human brain to produce endorphins. Therefore, the authors conclude that this study is a new approach to see the process of the significance of the dhikrullah's vibration on human health. The United Nations, especially WHO, can use dhikrullah vibration as an approach to help human beings who need a solution from a spiritual approach permanently.

scholarly journals Implementasi Pendekatan Saintifik pada Pembelajaran Matematika Sebagai Sarana melakukan Revolusi Mental Siswa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARMIATI
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Every human being basically has a curiosity , because curiosity is one of the characteristics of human beings . But in the learning process that occurs lately concern some students towards learning is very low , indicating the low curiosity of students . In addition, the learning process is also seen low power struggle to getting something , they often just wait it out from the teacher or from a smart friend . This condition indicates mentals quitter , and easily discouraged .The scientific approach is one approach to the curriculum in 2013 which includes five components that should be experienced by every student in the learning process . Through this paper will discuss the impact of the scientific approach to mental revolutions in learning mathematics . This study is based on observations in a joint collaboration activity junior mathematics teachers in the city of Padang .

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