scholarly journals An assessment of adaptive and antagonistic properties of Trichoderma sp. strains in vegetable waste composts

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka ◽  
Tomasz Piechota ◽  
Alicja Niewiadomska ◽  
Jacek Dach ◽  
Magdalena Szczech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Tomato Waste ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Onion Waste

AbstractThe experiment consisted in monitoring the count of moulds and three selected Trichoderma sp. isolates (T1 - Trichoderma atroviride, T2 - Trichoderma harzianum, T3 - Trichoderma harzianum) in vegetable (onion and tomato) waste composted with additives (straw, pig manure). Additionally, the aim of the study was to determine the type of interaction occurring between autochthonous fungi isolated from composts after the end of the thermophilic phase and Trichoderma sp. strains applied in the experiment. Number of microorganisms was determined by the plate method, next the identification was confirmed. The rating scale developed by Mańka was used to determine the type of interactions occurring between microorganisms. The greatest count of moulds in onion waste composts was noted in the object which had simultaneously been inoculated with two strains T1 - T. atroviride and T3 - T. harzianum. The greatest count of moulds was noted in the tomato waste composts inoculated with T2 - T. harzianum strain. Microscope identification revealed that Penicillum sp., Rhizopus sp., Alternaria sp. and Mucor sp. strains were predominant in onion waste composts. In tomato waste composts Penicillium was the predominant genus, followed by Rhizopus. The test of antagonism revealed the inhibitory effect of Trichoderma isolates on most autochthonous strains of moulds. Tomato waste composts proved to be better substrates for the growth and development of Trichoderma sp. isolates. The results of the study show that vegetable waste can be used in agriculture as carriers of antagonistic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Exploration and Characterization of Trichoderma sp. in Conventional and Organic Rice field in Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. S. P. R. Andriani ◽  
Idris Sharif ◽  
Bohari M Yamin ◽  
S. A. M. P. Suryani ◽  
Krisnawan Kalimutu
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Long Time

Abstract. Although Trichoderma spp has been widely used in the SRI technique of rice cultivation the sources of Trichoderma that can adapt well to the local environment have been an interesting issue for quite some time.  It is commonly agreed that the local Trichoderma is much more preferred to be used for rice cultivation. In the present study, the Trichoderma from the soil of a rice field in Sukawati District,  Bali where conventional fertilizer and pesticide has been applied for a very long time was isolated.  After macroscopic observations (green color and sweet coconut smell ) the single isolated fungi have very much resembled Trichoderma Harzianum. 2 mL of the Trichoderma Harzianum solution was introduced in a plastic container containing 200 g half-boiled rice. After seven days the rice in the plastic appeared green. This sample will be used to produce more T. Harzianum for rice cultivation. One of the T.Harzianum treated rice hosts was coated with gold and subjected to SEM observation. Very high populated T. Harzianum fungi were observed. It was  dominated by hyphae. No conidia and conidiophores were spotted. Instead, quite a high density of spherical and oval shape spores was observed. Such a high density of T.Harzianum will certainly meet the requirement for an efficient application in the cultivation field. It would also be interesting to see the interaction between such a highly populated T.Harzianum  with other fungi or pathogens in understanding the role of Trichoderma as an antipathogen

Biocontrol de Damping off y promoción del crecimiento vegetativo en plantas de Capsicum chinense (Jacq) con Trichoderma spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-483
Author(s):  
Edgar Javier Larios Larios ◽  
José de Jesús Wilmer Valdovinos Nava ◽  
Wilberth Chan Cupul ◽  
Felipe Alejandro García López ◽  
Gilberto Manzo Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Chichen Itza

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la efectividad de Trichoderma spp. en la reducción de la incidencia del Damping off y promoción del crecimiento vegetativo de plantas de Capsicum chinense (Jacq.) var. “Chichen Itza”. Se evaluó la aplicación foliar, a través de un diseño completo al azar, de dos cepas nativas de Trichoderma sp. (SP6 y Clombta), la co-aplicación de ambas, un producto comercial (Tri-HB®: Trichoderma harzianum y Bacillus subtilis) y un fungicida químico (Captan®). Durante el periodo de estudio, las plantas tratadas con Trichoderma sp. Clombta y con la co-inoculación de Trichoderma sp. Clombta + Trichoderma sp. SP6 no mostraron síntomas de Damping off. Por el contrario, plantas tratadas con Captan® y Tri-HB® mostraron los porcentajes de incidencia acumulada más alta con 5 y 4.5%, respectivamente. Asimismo, a los 28 días después de la germinación, plantas tratadas con Trichoderma sp. Clombta presentaron una mayor altura (11 cm), diámetro de tallo (2.6 mm), biomasa aérea (fresca= 0.8 g planta-1 y seca= 0.13 g planta-1) y volumen radicular (fresca= 0.13 g planta-1 y seca= 0.04 g planta-1), en comparación al resto de los tratamientos evaluados. Para la formación de hojas (9.1 hojas planta-1), área foliar (10.2 cm2) e índice de clorofila (Clombta= 209.9) la aplicación de Trichoderma sp. Clombta destacó de nuevo con los valores más altos (p< 0.05), respecto a las aplicaciones de Captan® y Tri-HB®. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se determinó que la cepa de Trichoderma sp. Clombta a concentración de 1x1013 conidios mL-1 resultó efectiva para el manejo del Damping off y promoción del crecimiento vegetativo de plantas de C. chinense var. “Chichen Itza”.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengolahan Limbah Kotoran Babi Menggunakan Komposter Rumah Tangga

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Widya Sari ◽  
I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
I.G.B Sila Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Macro Nutrients

ABSTRACT        The production of pig manure waste potentially pollutes the soil, water and air. One of the most effective processing a waste treatments is through composting. The composting process takes a long time if not assisted by the activator as decomposers of organic materials in order to accelerate the composting process. Activators such as local microorganism (MOL) contain macro nutrients, micro and active microorganism that potentially decomposed organic materials, growth stimulants and pest/disease control agents such as to help speed up the composting process. This study aims to determine the C/N ratio of optimal raw materials for composting of pig manure and vegetable waste, determining the effect of adding local microorganism (MOL) to the length of time of composting and determining the effectiveness of business from composting of pig manure and vegetable waste based on the calculation of B/C ratio.        This research uses quantitative approach with experiment method. The first stage is the preparation of the raw material which is divided into three groups : composition 1 with 75% (pig manure) and 25% (vegetable waste), composition 2 with 50% (pig manure) and 50% (vegetable waste) and then composition 3 with 25% (pig manure) and 75% (vegetable waste). Furthermore, the best raw material composition was treated with variations of MOL addition of A (100 ml), B (300 ml), C (500 ml) and D (without MOL).        The results showed that the composition of the best raw material mixture was a mixture composition of 25% (pig manure) and 75% (vegetable waste) with a C/N ratio of 38.95. The effect of MOL addition indicates that the greater MOL volume the faster to composting process. The quality compost with addition of MOL has C/N ratio levels is (16,30), N-total (1,65%), P tersedia (8043,02 ppm), K tersedia (8857,40 ppm), Fe (1,87%), Mn (0,09%) Zn (480 ppm) in which that value meets the SNI 19-7030-2004. Based on analysis of B/C ratio obtained result of 1.04 where the value is approaching criteria B/C ratio more than 1.00 which means compost business feasible to be developed.   Keywords : Pig manure, MOL, time of composting, composter, B/C ratio

scholarly journals Effect of the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Dactylaria Brochopaga and the Nematode Egg Parasitic Fungus Verticilium Chlamydosporium in Controlling Citrus Nematode Infesting Mandarin, And Interrelationship with the Co Inhabitant Fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.32) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
NOWEER E.M.A ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Successive Treatment ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Mixed Compound ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Citrus Nematode

In a field experiment, the nematode-trapping fungus Dactylaria brochopaga and the nematode egg parasitic fungus Verticilium chlamydosporium , was evaluated against the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans infesting Mandarin, Citrus reticulata, , the mixed compound was applied in October 2016 at the rate ½ kg/tree, and root and soil samples were collected monthly until the next October, 2017. Successive treatment of the same mixed compound was added in the end of April 2017. For the comparison, Vydate 24% L. was applied as well as non treated check trees were left. Data revealed that the mixed compound treatment greatly affected the citrus nematode numbers both in soil and roots, in comparing with those of Vydate or induced by mixed compound was 97% and 70%; respectively in soil and roots. Rates of reproduction increase of the citrus nematode also reached 3% and 30% in both soil and roots; respectively. Vydate treatment resulted in a relatively lesser percentages. Growth of the concomitant fungus, Trichoderma sp. was increased specially in the last samples of October 2017, however those of fungi; Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp. And Rhizopus sp. was reduced, due to mixed compound treatment. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. were not affected by the presence of the mixed compound. Vydate did not affect the co inhabitant fungi to a great extent. 

scholarly journals Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. ALHIDAYATULLAH ◽  
Lisdar I SUDIRMAN1 ◽  
Okky Setyawati DHARMAPUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract  Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan  perlakuan  JPA+T   masing-masing  adalah  20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih  rendah  daripada  rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.

scholarly journals Primer informe de Nodulosporium (Xylariaceae) en Theobroma cacao L. en Chiapas, México y pruebas de patogenicidad

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-788
Author(s):  
Aidé González Ruiz ◽  
Abiel Sánchez Arizpe ◽  
Yisa Maria Ochoa Fuentes ◽  
Ma. Elizabeth Galindo Cepeda ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

  Nodulosporium es un hongo ampliamente distribuido y que se encuentra en zonas tropicales y se ha reportado como fitopatógeno ocasionando muerte descendente, pudriciones y resinosis, también se le considera como un potencial agente de control biológico de otros hongos y oomicetos. El estado teleomorfo se encuentra en estado solitario y en racimos, y se ha reportado como endófito, saprofito o fitopatógeno débil. La variedad criolla de cacao Theobroma cacao, es de gran relevancia ecológica, económica y cultural en el estado de Chiapas; sin embargo, presenta alta susceptibilidad a enfermedades a diferencia de otras variedades importantes, afectando la calidad y producción. En Villa de Comaltitlán Chiapas se observaron frutos de cacao con características típicas de síntomas de pudrición. El objetivo fue identificar los hongos asociados a frutos de cacao enfermos con síntomas de pudrición. Se identificaron morfológicamente los hongos Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp., y Nodulosporium sp. Se informa por primera ocasión la presencia de Nodulosporium sp., en frutos de cacao con síntomas de pudrición de Villa de Comaltitlán, Chiapas, México. Se describe las características morfológicas y morfométricas de Nodulosporium sp. e Hypoxylon sp., y su identificación molecular. Se confirmó la patogenicidad de Nodulosporium sp., en follaje del cultivo causando clorosis y deshidratación de la hoja, y se recuperó en forma de picnidios y micelio con conidios, correspondiendo a su teleomorfo, identificado como Hypoxylon morfológica y molecularmente con los oligonucleótidos ITS4-ITS5.

INVENTARISASI JAMUR PADA BENIH BEBERAPA VARIETAS KEDELAI [Glycine max (L.) Merril] YANG BERADA DI SEKITAR BANDAR LAMPUNG

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reny Destya Angrum ◽  
Muhammad Nurdin ◽  
Suskandini Ratih ◽  
Hasriadi Mat Akin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jamur yang terdapat pada beberapa varietas benih kedelai [ Glycine max (L.) Merril ] yang berada di sekitar Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tanaman, UniversitasLampung dari Mei 2013 sampai dengan Agustus 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan kedelai varieta Burangrang, Kaba, Argomulyo, Tanggamus dan Grobogan. Benih-benih tersebut diinkubasi menggunakan metode blotter test dan agar plate test dengan dua perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (tanpa NaOCl) dan dengan menggunakan NaOCl. Jamur-jamur yang tumbuh dari benih yang diinkubasi diidentifikasi dengan cara diamati dan difoto, selanjutnya dicocokkan dengan bubu-buku referensi tentang penyakit- penyakit kedelai. Selain itu juga dilakukan penghitungan persentase kemunculan jamur dari benih yang diinkubasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian yang dilakukan dengan perlakuan desinfeksi maupun tanpa desinfeksi ditemukan jenis jamur yang berasal dari lapang (Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Sclerotium sp., Phomopsis sp., Rhizoctonia sp., dan Colletotrichum sp.) dan jenis jamur yang berasal dari gudang penyimpanan (Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., dan Rhizopus sp.). Benih yang diberikan perlakuan desinfeksi dapat mengurangi tumbuhnya jamur yang berasal dari gudang/tempat penyimpanan (kontaminan) tetapi tidak menghilangkan jenis jamur yang menginfeksi di dalam benih (jamur yang berasal dari lapang). Pada varietas Grobogan Rhizoctonia sp. memiliki persentase kemunculan jamur yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jamur lainnya yaitu sebesar 60,56%. Pada benih dengan perlakuan tanpa desinfeksi persentase kemunculan Aspergillus sp. pada varietas Kaba dan Tanggamus lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jamur lainnya sebesar 63,33%. Pada media perlakuan desinfeksi dengan menggunakan media kertas saring persentase kemunculan jamur pada varietas Kaba Cercospora sp. memiliki persentase lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jamur lainnya sebesar 30%. Pada media perlakuan tanpa desinfeksidengan menggunakan media kertas saring, Trichoderma sp. pada varietas Kaba memiliki persentase kemunculan jamur lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jamur lainnya, dengan persentase kemunculan masing-masing sebesar 77,23%.

Inhibitory effect of Trichoderma harzianum on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and Alternaria solani

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Wassima Lakhdari ◽  
Abderrahmene Dehliz ◽  
Randa Mlik ◽  
Hamida Hammi ◽  
Wiam Benlamoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

scholarly journals Avaliação de Passifloraceas, fungicidas e Trichoderma para o manejo da Podridão-do-colo do maracujazeiro, causada por Nectria haematococca

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Herman Fischer ◽  
Aparecida Marques de Almeida ◽  
Mirian de Souza Fileti ◽  
Rosemary Marques de Almeida Bertani ◽  
Maria Cecília de Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

A baixa produtividade do maracujazeiro-amarelo é devida, muitas vezes, a problemas fitossanitários, sendo a Podridão-do-colo, causada por Nectria haematococca, um dos principais problemas na maioria dos Estados produtores do Brasil. O controle desta doença é basicamente preventivo, evitando a introdução do agente patogênico na área. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: a) avaliar o comportamento do maracujazeiro-amarelo 'Afruvec', 'IAC 275' e 'Maguary', do tipo pé-franco, e 'Afruvec' enxertado em cinco espécies de Passiflora (P. alata, P. maliformis, P. morifolia, P. mucronata e P. suberosa), em pomar com histórico de Podridão-do-colo; e b) avaliar a eficiência de produtos químicos (oxicloreto de cobre, procloraz e tiabendazol) e biológicos (Trichoderma harzianum e Trichoderma sp.) no controle da Podridão-do-colo em maracujazeiro-amarelo 'Afruvec', sob condições de campo. As espécies P. maliformis, P. suberosa e P. alata, empregadas como porta-enxerto, apresentaram maior resistência à Podridão-do-colo do maracujazeiro em relação às plantas não enxertadas. Os produtos químicos e biológicos, aplicados em intervalos mensais ou quinzenais no colo da planta (500 mL de calda), não foram eficientes no controle da doença.

Isolation of Bacillus subtilis strain SEM-2 from silkworm excrement and characterisation of its antagonistic effect against Fusarium spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-412
Author(s):  
Qingrong Li ◽  
Sentai Liao ◽  
Junhong Wei ◽  
Dongxu Xing ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms

Fusarium wilt is a devastating soil-borne disease mainly caused by highly host-specific formae speciales of Fusarium spp. Antagonistic microorganisms play a very important role in Fusarium wilt control. Isolation of potential biocontrol strains has become increasingly important. Bacterial strain SEM-2 was isolated from the high-temperature stage of silkworm excrement composting. SEM-2 exhibited a considerable antagonistic effect against Fusarium graminearum mycelial growth and spore germination. The results of pot experiments suggested that SEM-2 has a better inhibitory effect on the early stage of disease occurrence. The green fluorescent protein labelled SEM-2 coated on the surface of tomato seeds colonised the roots of tomato plants in 15 days. Genome sequencing identified SEM-2 as a new strain of Bacillus subtilis, and genome annotation and analysis determined gene clusters related to the biosynthesis of antimicrobials, such as bacillaene, fengycin, bacillibactin, subtilosin A, surfactin, and bacilysin. Interestingly, liquid chromatography – quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that metabolites in pathways associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites and antibiotics were highly differentially expressed. These findings may help to explain the mode of action of B. subtilis SEM-2 against Fusarium spp.

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