scholarly journals Influence of Low-Alloy Cast Steel Modification on Primary Structure Refinement, Type and Shape of Non-Metallic Inclusions

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
D. Bartocha ◽  
J. Suchoń ◽  
Cz. Baron ◽  
J. Szajnar
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Vacuum Refining ◽  
Slag Refining ◽  
Steel Modification ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Alloy Cast

Abstract In the article there are presented methods and results of investigation which main aim were determination of influence of melting technology (gas extraction, vacuum refining, slag refining and extraction, deoxidation and degassing) and type of used modifiers on the type and shape of non-metallic inclusions and the primary structure refining. Low alloy cast steel melted in laboratory conditions, in an inductive furnace was investigated. Additions of FeNb, FeV, FeTi and FeZr modifiers were applied. The contents of oxygen and nitrogen in obtained cast steel were determined. The most advantageous impact on refining of the primary structure of has been found for the modifiers FeTi+FeZr. In cast steel with the addition of Zr the conglomerates from a different non -metallic inclusions have been observed. Zirconium probably plays role of the nucleus - creating for other inclusions present in the conglomerates. Clusters of inclusions due to their size affect the crystallization and grain growth processes reducing grain size of the primary structure.

Experimental Studies on Abrasive Wear of Surface-Hardened and Shot Peened Alloy Cast Steels

2016 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Andrzej Norbert Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Cast Steels ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Alloy Cast

The paper presents the results of wear tests of shot-peened and non-shot-peened cast steels with the use of an especially designed test rig simulating real operating conditions of chain wheels. The chain wheels subjected to tests were operated with the use of loose quartz abrasive. The studies involved the determination of strength and plastic properties, hardness distributions, microstructure and linear wear of the selected cast steels. Based on the results obtained, the following was found: the abrasive wear of cast steel chain wheels increased after shot peening.

scholarly journals Effects of Cr - Ni 18/9 Austenitic Cast Steel Modification by Mischmetal

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
M. Gajewski ◽  
J. Kasińska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Δ Ferrite ◽  
Steel Modification ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Basic Lining ◽  
Final Effect

Abstract This paper presents the results of Cr - Ni 18/9 austenitic cast steel modifications by mischmetal. The study was conducted on industrial melts. Cast steel was melted in an electric induction furnace with a capacity of 2000 kg and a basic lining crucible. .The mischmetal was introduced into the ladle during tapping of the cast steel from the furnace. The effectiveness of modification was examined with the carbon content of 0.1% and the presence of δ ferrite in the structure of cast steel stabilized with titanium. The changes in the structure of cast steel and their effect on mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion were studied. It was found that rare earth metals decrease the sulfur content in cast steel and above all, they cause a distinct change in morphology of the δ ferrite and non-metallic inclusions. These changes have improved mechanical properties. R02, Rm, and A5 and toughness increased significantly. There was a great increase of the resistance to intergranular corrosion in the Huey test. The study confirmed the high efficiency of cast steel modification by mischmetal in industrial environments. The final effect of modification depends on the form and manner of placing mischmetal into the liquid metal and the melting technology, ie the degree of deoxidation and desulfurization of the metal in the furnace.

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

On The Mechanism Of Heparin-Induced Potentiation Of Platelet Aggregation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yamamoto ◽  
K Watanabe ◽  
Y Ando ◽  
H Iri ◽  
N Fujiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Matrix Bound ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Plasma Heparin

It has been suggested that heparin caused potentiation of aggregation induced by ADP or epinephrine. The exact mechanism of heparin-induced platelet activation, however, remained unknown. In this paper, we have investigated the role of anti-thrombin III ( AT ) in heparin-induced platelet activation using purified AT and AT depleted plasma. When ADP or epinephrine was added to citrated PRP one minute after addition of heparin ( 1 u/ml, porcine intestinal mucosal heparin, Sigma Co. USA ), marked enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed, compared with the degree of aggregation in the absence of heparin. However, in platelet suspensions prepared in modified Tyrode’s solution, heparin exhibited no potentiating effect on platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine or ADP. Potentiation of epinephrine- or ADP-induced platelet aggregation by heparin was demonstrated when purified AT was added to platelet suspensions at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. AT depleted plasma, which was prepared by immunosorption using matrix-bound antibodies to AT, retained no AT, while determination of α1-antitrypsinα2- macroglobulin and fibrinogen in AT depleted plasma produced values which corresponded to those of the original plasma when dilution factor was taken into account. The activities of coagulation factors were also comparable to those of the original plasma. Heparin exhibited potentiating effect on ADP- or epinephrine-induced aggregation of platelets in original plasma, but no effect in AT depleted plasma. When purified AT was added back to AT depleted plasma at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, potentiation of platelet aggregation by heparin was clearly demonstrated.Our results suggest that effect of heparin on platelet aggregation is also mediated by anti-thrombin III.

ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ РОЗВИТКУ В СУЧАСНІЙ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Анжеліка Шамне
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Self Motion

У статті розглянуто сучасні підходи до інтерпретації категорії розвитку, розкрито теоретичні  та методологічні підходи до вивчення категорії розвитку у сучасній психології, визначено її психологічний  зміст,   моделі,   структуру   та   динаміку.   Категорія   розвитку   розглядається   як   епіцентр   наукової  проблематики у психології та як поняття інтегративного типу. Розвиток проаналізовано як категорію,  явище і проблему психології розвитку в різних аспектах аналізу. Розглянуто місце розвитку в системі  споріднених психологічних понять. У статті також аналізуються психологічні аспекти теоретичних та  методологічних  постнекласичних  тенденцій  вивчення  природи,  характеру  та  визначення  психічного  розвитку. Постнекласична парадигма та плюралістична методологія пізнання визначають розмитість  дисциплінарної мови  та  врахування  ролі  соціокультурного  контексту  при  вивченні  психологічних явищ.  Важливими тенденціями сучасного теоретико-методологічного стану психологічних досліджень розвитку  також є визнання неефективності моністичного підходу до його вивчення, взаємозв'язок теоретичних ідей  та   спроби   створення   метатеоретичних   схем,   постнекласичне   розуміння   розвитку   як   принципово  незавершеного   процесу   саморуху,   актуалізація   антропологічного   діапазону   проблем   та   посилення  спрямованості на роль культурного контексту в дослідженні розвитку людини.  The article deals with the modern approaches to the interpretation of the category of development, reveals  the theoretical and methodological approaches to study of development in modern psychology, its psychological  content, patterns, structure and dynamics. Category of development is viewed as an epicenter of scientific issues in  modern  psychology  and  the  concept  of  the  integrative  type.  Category  of  development  is  considered  as  the  phenomenon  and  the  problem  of  developmental  psychology  in  various  aspects  of  the  analysis.  Analyzed  the  development site in the related psychological concepts. The article analyzes the psychological aspects of theoretical  and methodological postnonclassical contemporary trends in the study of nature, character, and determination of  mental  development.  Postnonclassical  paradigm  and  pluralistic  methodology  of  knowledge  determine  the  disciplinary blurring and increase of the role of the analysis of socio-cultural context in the study of psychological  phenomenon. The important tendencies of modern theoretical and methodological state of psychological researches  of development are facts of inefficiency of the monistic approach to its study, interconnection of theoretical ideas  and   attempts   of  creating   metatheoretical   schemes,   postnonclassical   understanding   of   development   as   a  fundamentally  uncompleted  process  of  self-motion,  actualization  of  anthropological  range  of  problems  and  strengthening of focus on the role of cultural context in research of human development.   

Role of the family focused technologies in the clinical course of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Vdovichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Individual Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Individual Preparation

The objective: to show a role of the family focused technologies in depression of frequency of pathology of pregnancy at women of high obstetric risk. Patients and methods. For determination of efficiency of prophylaxis of pathology of pregnancy on the basis of use of the family focused technologies complex clinical-psychological and laboratory and tool examination of 300 women with factors of obstetric risk which were divided into two groups was conducted. In the main group – 182 women with motivation on partner labors to which provided training on system of individual preparation of married couple to labors. The comparison group consisted of 118 women who were not in prenatal training and had individual support in childbirth, with the traditional approach to pain management. Results. Use of the family focused technologies during pregnancy allows to reduce significantly the frequency of the main complications of pregnancy, especially not incubation and premature births. Conclusion. In our opinion, the technique is simple, available and can widely be used in practical health care at women with high obstetric risk. Key words: obstetric risk, the family focused technologies, prophylaxis.

PERANAN INSPEKTORAT KABUPATENSUMENEP DALAM MENCEGAH DAN MENDETEKSI FRAUD DI DINAS PENDIDIKAN SUMENEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astri Furqani ◽  
Hafidhah .
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Government

In this era, a lot of activities that can not be separated from the practice of cheating or fraud , no exception In the government . Inspektorat Sumenep is the leading institution of internal Local Government in preventing and detecting fraud in the Local Government appropiate Perbup Sumenep No. 29 of 2008 . Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep need attention on the issue . This is due to Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep an agency with the largest number of assets and managing large budgets . These conditions led to the formulation of the problem is How Inspektorat Sumenep role in preventing and detecting fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep. This study used a qualitative approach in which the focus of this study is Inspektorat role in preventing and detecting fraud at Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . Primary data obtained by direct interviews with the parties directly related to the determination of the source of research data in a qualitative study using nonprobability sampling . The sampling technique used was purposive sampling . The conclusion of this study, role of the Inspektorat Sumenep in the prevention of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep still not maximal . This is due to Inspektorat Sumenep not supervise from the planning / budgeting and not optimal in overseeing and assisting the implementation of the SPIP as an instrument of fraud prevention in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep . The role of Inspektorat Sumenep in the detection of fraud in Dinas Pendidikan Sumenep done by conducting an audit of financial and asset management in each financial year.Keywords: fraud, government, inspektorat.

Determination of non-metallic inclusions in metal alloys by spark atomic emission spectrometry (review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
D. N. Bock ◽  
V. A. Labusov
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Line ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Dissolved Form

A review of publications regarding detection of non-metallic inclusions in metal alloys using optical emission spectrometry with single-spark spectrum registration is presented. The main advantage of the method - an extremely short time of measurement (~1 min) – makes it useful for the purposes of direct production control. A spark-induced impact on a non-metallic inclusion results in a sharp increase (flashes) in the intensities of spectral lines of the elements that comprise the inclusion because their content in the metal matrix is usually rather small. The intensity distribution of the spectral line of the element obtained from several thousand of single-spark spectra consists of two parts: i) the Gaussian function corresponding to the content of the element in a dissolved form, and ii) an asymmetric additive in the region of high intensity values ??attributed to inclusions. Their quantitative determination is based on the assumption that the intensity of the spectral line in the single-spark spectrum is proportional to the content of the element in the matter ablated by the spark. Thus, according to the calibration dependence constructed using samples with a certified total element content, it is possible not only to determine the proportions of the dissolved and undissolved element, but also the dimensions of the individual inclusions. However, determination of the sizes is limited to a range of 1 – 20 µm. Moreover, only Al-containing inclusions can be determined quantitatively nowadays. Difficulties occur both with elements hardly dissolved in steels (O, Ca, Mg, S), and with the elements which exhibit rather high content in the dissolved form (Si, Mn). It is also still impossible to determine carbides and nitrides in steels using C and N lines. The use of time-resolved spectrometry can reduce the detection limits for inclusions containing Si and, possibly, Mn. The use of the internal standard in determination of the inclusions can also lower the detection limits, but may distort the results. Substitution of photomultipliers by solid-state linear radiation detectors provided development of more reliable internal standard, based on the background value in the vicinity of the spectral line. Verification of the results is difficult in the lack of standard samples of composition of the inclusions. Future studies can expand the range of inclusions to be determined by this method.

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