scholarly journals The Effect of Water Acrylate Dispersion on the Properties of Polymer-Carbon Nanotube Composites / Wpływ Wodnej Dyspersji Akrylanowej Na Właściwości Kompozytów Polimer-Nanorurki Węglowe

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2715-2720
Author(s):  
P. Zygoń ◽  
M. Gwoździk ◽  
J. Peszke ◽  
Z. Nitkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Mode Method ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

The paper presents properties of polymer composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) containing various mixtures of dispersion. Acrylates of different particle size and viscosity were used to produce composites. The mechanical strength of composites was determined by three-point bending tests. The roughness parameter of composites was determined with a profilometer and compared with the roughness parameter determined via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also X-ray studies (phase composition analysis, crystallite sizes determination) were carried out on these composites. Measurements of the surface topography using the Tapping Mode method were performed, acquiring the data on the height and on the phase imaging. The change of intensity, crystallite size and half-value width of main reflections originating from carbon within the composites have been determined using the X-ray analysis. The density of each obtained composite was determined as well as the resistivity at room temperature. The density of composites is quite satisfactory and ranges from 0.27 to 0.35 g/cm3. Different composites vary not only in strength but also in density. Different properties were achieved by the use of various dispersions. Carbon nanotubes constituting the reinforcement for a polymer composite improve the mechanical properties and conductivity composite.

scholarly journals Comparison of Properties of Polymer Composite Materials Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
P. Zygoń ◽  
M. Gwoździk ◽  
J. Peszke ◽  
Z. Nitkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Mode Method ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

Abstract Carbon nanotubes because of their high mechanical, optical or electrical properties, have found use as semiconducting materials constituting the reinforcing phase in composite materials. The paper presents the results of the studies on the mechanical properties of polymer composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT). Three-point bending tests were carried out on the composites. The density of each obtained composite was determined as well as the surface roughness and the resistivity at room temperature. Moreover the surface studies on an atomic forces microscope (AFM) and X-ray studies (phase composition analysis, crystallite sizes determination) were carried out on such composites. Measurements of the surface topography using the Tapping Mode method were performed, acquiring the data on the height and on the phase imaging. The change of intensity, of crystallite size and of half-value width of main reflections originating from carbon for composites have been determined using the X-ray analysis. Carbon nanotubes constituting the reinforcement for a polymer composite improve the mechanical properties and con-ductivity of the composite.

scholarly journals Characteristic of Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Cobalt, Copper and Bromine

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zygoń ◽  
J. Peszke ◽  
M. Gwozdźik ◽  
Z. Nitkiewicz ◽  
M. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Development ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Phase Composition Analysis

Abstract The paper presents results of studies on carbon nanotubes - as received, after cleaning and also after modification. Functional groups as well as metal nanoparticles have been attached, originating from cobalt sulphate, copper acetate and a mixture of hydrogen bromide and bromide. The surface studies on an atomic forces microscope (AFM), X-ray studies (phase composition analysis, crystallite sizes determination) as well as Raman spectroscopy studies were carried out on such nanotubes. The surface topography studies have shown that after the modification the diameter and length of nanotubes change. Also the surface development changes, which has been determined through roughness parameter measurements. The change of intensity, of crystallite size and of half-value width of main reflections originating from carbon for nanotubes modified in various ways have been determined using the X-ray analysis.

Preparation and Research on the Lateral Elastic Modulus of the MnO2 Nanowires

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Jian Cheng Deng ◽  
Yan Huai Ding ◽  
Jiu Ren Yin ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanowire Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Mno2 Nanowires

MnO2 nanowires with large aspect ratio were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. In this method, Mn(NO3)2 was as a source of manganese and NH4NO3 as an oxidant. The structure and morphology of the MnO2 nanowires were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their lateral elastic modulus was characterized via a nanoscale three-point bending test by atomic force microscopy (AFM) equipped with picoforce. The results indicate that the crystal form of MnO2 was β-MnO2. The elastic modulus of the nanowires decreased with the increase in nanowire diameter. This elastic modulus was in the range of 33.36-77.84GPa as the diameter ranged from 240 to 185nm.

Effect of N2 Flow Rate on Structure and Morphology of (Ti,Cr)N Thin Films Deposited by Unbalanced Magnetron Co-Sputtering

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 432-436
Author(s):  
Chutima Paksunchai ◽  
Somyod Denchitcharoen ◽  
Surasing Chaiyakun ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
Root Mean Square Roughness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Unbalanced Magnetron ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Scherrer Formula

The (Ti,Cr)N thin films were deposited with various N2 flow rates on silicon wafers by reactive unbalanced magnetron co-sputtering without heating and biasing substrates. The effects of N2 flow rate on the structure and morphologies of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results revealed that the (Ti,Cr)N thin films formed solid solutions with the fcc structure. The crystallite sizes calculated from Scherrer formula are about 13 nm. The root-mean-square roughness (Rrms) and the thickness (Tth) of the films were slightly decreased with the increase in N2 flow rate. The cross-sectional morphology showed columnar structure corresponding to zone 2. In addition, the N atomic concentration was also increased with the increase in N2 flow rate.

Influence of Ammonia on the Fabrication of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Using Thermal CVD

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Wen Ming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Aligned Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
20 Nm

Ultra-thin (20 nm) nickel catalyst films were deposited by sputtering on SiO2/Si substrates. At the pretreatments, ammonia (NH3) was conducted for different time in a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. Pretreated samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). After the pretreatment, acetylene was introduced into the chamber for 10 min, samples were characterized using scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was concluded that NH3 pretreatment was very crucial to control the surface morphology of catalytic metals and thus to achieve the vertical alignment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). With higher density of the Ni particles, better alignment of the CNTs can be obtained due to steric hindrance effect between neighboring CNTs.

Carbon nanotubes and metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines-based materials for electroanalysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 713-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
José H. Zagal ◽  
Sophie Griveau ◽  
Mireya Santander-Nelli ◽  
Silvia Gutierrez Granados ◽  
Fethi Bedioui
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We discuss here the state of the art on hybrid materials made from single (SWCNT) or multi (MWCNT) walled carbon nanotubes and MN4complexes such as metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines. The hybrid materials have been characterized by several methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electrochemical microscropy (SECM). The materials are employed for electrocatalysis of reactions such as oxygen and hydrogen peroxide reduction, nitric oxide oxidation, oxidation of thiols and other pollutants.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunieskys G. Larrude ◽  
Marcelo E. H. Maia da Costa ◽  
Fernando L. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Silver Nanostructures ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Silver Mirror Reaction

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown by spray pyrolysis have been decorated with silver nanoparticles prepared via the silver mirror reaction. Good dispersion of silver nanostructures was obtained on the surface of MWCNTs, resulting in an efficient and simple wet chemistry method for increasing the reactivity of the carbon nanotubes surfaces. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed the orientations of the crystallography planes of the anchored silver nanoparticles and revealed their size distribution. Raman spectroscopy results confirm that the composite material preserves the integrity of the MWCNTs. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were also employed for sample characterization.

Application of X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging Technique in Detection of Pulmonary Lesions Induced by Multi-WalledCarbon Nanotubes in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3357-3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungang Li ◽  
Yanling Xue ◽  
Bo Han ◽  
Qingnuan Li ◽  
Lixiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Contrast

With X-ray phase contrast imaging technique, the pulmonary lesions induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes were preliminarily studied in this work. After 0.1, 1 and 2 mg nanotubes were delivered into lungs of rats via trachea, their acute pulmonary toxicity (at 5-day postexposure) was assessed using X-ray phase contrast, absorption contrast imaging and routine pathological slice techniques. As such, the long-term pulmonary toxicity (at 140-day postexposure), induced by single intratracheal instillation of 0.1 mg nanotubes, was assessed using X-ray phase contrast imaging and pathological slice techniques. As a consequence, the nanotubes could induce obvious density and structural integrity alternation in lung tissue at 5-day postexposure and granulomas at 140-day postexposure, and these pathologic lesions could be efficiently detected out with the phase imaging technique. By comparison, this technique not only gained advantage over the conventional X-ray absorption contrast imaging but also could supply the gap of routine pathological slice in detecting pulmonary lesions induced by carbon nanotubes. It is hoped that this work can act as an impetus for further application of phase imaging technique to nanotoxicology and to assessment of occupational safety of nanomaterials.

Mechanical Properties of Nanoceramic Zirconia Coatings on NiTi Orthodontic Wires

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Isabel de Azevedo Lopes ◽  
Leandro de Arruda Santos ◽  
Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Crack Nucleation ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Niti Alloys

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys have been largely applied in biomedical devices due to their special properties of superelasticity and shape memory. Even though NiTi generally displays good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, mechanical fatigue and fretting-corrosion resistance remain important challenges in a number of applications, since it can accelerate nickel ions releasing, that have been reported as cytotoxic, mutagenic, and allergenic. This study aims to develop an appropriate coating to help delaying crack nucleation and corrosion in NiTi alloys. Zirconia (ZrO2) coating stands as a good candidate to improve the corrosion and wear resistance of metallic substrates and, in this work, it was obtained by electrodeposition on NiTi superelastic and shape memory orthodontic wires. The surface morphology and the chemical composition of the coated samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mechanical response was evaluated by three-point bending tests. The results showed that the ZrO2 layer was uniform and well adhered to the NiTi subtract. Additionally, it was observed that this coating was capable of undergoing severe deformation without cracking, indicating a potential increase in fatigue resistance of the conjugate.

Zirconia Coating of Carbon Nanotubes by a Hydrothermal Method

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5678-5683 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Garmendia ◽  
L. Bilbao ◽  
R. Muñoz ◽  
G. Imbuluzqueta ◽  
A. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

Carbon nanotubes have unique mechanical properties that open attractive possibilities in many fields, such as the biomedical one. Currently, zirconia ceramics are widely used as femoral heads, but case studies show that delayed failure can occur in vivo due to crack propagation. Nanotubes could avoid the slow crack propagation and enhance the toughness of the ceramic material used for prostheses fabrication. In this work, single-wall carbon nanotubes and multi-wall carbon nanotubes have been partially coated with nanozirconia via hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by several techniques: X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, electron energy loss spectra, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. By means of these techniques, the existence of bonds between zirconium and the carbon nanotube has been proved. The as covered nanotubes should offer a better wettability in the ceramic matrix and improve the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes, to obtain the desired new ceramic biomaterial with a longer lifetime and better reliability.

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