scholarly journals Study of Solidification of Continuously Cast Steel Round Billets Using Numerical Modelling

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tkadlečková ◽  
L. Válek ◽  
L. Socha ◽  
M. Saternus ◽  
J. Pieprzyca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Casting System ◽  
First Results ◽  
Continuously Cast ◽  
Metallurgical Length ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The paper is dedicated to the verification of solidification of continuously cast round steel billets using numerical modelling based on the finite element method. The aim of numerical modelling is to optimize the production of continuously cast steel billets of round format. The paper describes the pre-processing, processing and post-processing phases of numerical modelling. Also, the problems with determination of the thermodynamic properties of materials and the heat transfer between the individual parts of the casting system, including the definition of the heat losses along the casting strand in the primary and secondary cooling, were discussed. The first results of numerical simulation show the so-called thermal steady state of continuous casting. The temperature field, the metallurgical length and the thickness of the shell at the end of the mould were predicted. The further research will be concentrated on the prediction the risk of the cracks and the porosity based on the different boundary conditions.

scholarly journals Research and Development of the Solidification of Slab Ingots from Special Tool Steels

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1453-1458
Author(s):  
M. Tkadlečková ◽  
K. Michalek ◽  
K. Gryc ◽  
L. Socha ◽  
P. Jonšta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Casting And Solidification ◽  
Casting System ◽  
Final Porosity ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe paper describes the research and development of casting and solidification of slab ingots from special tool steels by means of numerical modelling using the finite element method. The pre-processing, processing and post-processing phases of numerical modelling are outlined. Also, problems with determining the thermophysical properties of materials and heat transfer between the individual parts of the casting system are discussed. Based on the type of grade of tool steel, the risk of final porosity is predicted. The results allowed to improve the production technology of slab ingots, and also to verify the ratio, the chamfer and the external/ internal shape of the wall of the new designed slab ingots.

Hot Ductility Variations of ST52-3 Continuously Cast Steel within the Cast Strand

2010 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Viktor Gonda ◽  
Zsolt Csepeli ◽  
Ibolya Kardos ◽  
Balázs Verő ◽  
József Csizmadia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Steel Grade ◽  
Hot Ductility ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
Continuously Cast ◽  
Metallurgical Length ◽  
Crack Susceptibility

Along the metallurgical length at continuous casting, the temperature within the strand ranges from above melt temperature (>1500) to about 900 oC. In this range, mechanical properties drastically drop at above the zero deformation temperature (ZDT) and the zero strength temperature (ZST), therefore crack susceptibility increases. These temperatures depend on (local) chemical and microstructural properties. We investigated the change in ZDT and ZST for ST52-3 steel grade by taking samples from the as-cast strand from positions of the columnar grains and from the centreline segregated zone. We found more than 100 oC drop in ZDT due to segregations in the centreline compared to the columnar zone within the strand.

Part 1 Refugees, 3 Determination of Refugee Status: Analysis and Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goodwin-Gill Guy S ◽  
McAdam Jane ◽  
Dunlop Emma
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Status Analysis ◽  
Legal Consequences

This chapter discusses the determination of refugee status. The legal consequences that flow from the formal definition of refugee status are necessarily predicated upon determination by some or other authority that the individual or group in question satisfies the relevant legal criteria. In principle, a person becomes a refugee at the moment when he or she satisfies the definition, so that determination of status is declaratory, rather than constitutive. However, while the question of whether an individual is a refugee may be a matter of fact, whether or not he or she is a refugee within the 1951 Convention, and benefits from refugee status, is a matter of law. Problems arise where States decline to determine refugee status, or where States and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reach different determinations.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICAL SECRECY

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Tatyana Y. Rodina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Generic Concept ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The problem of the interaction of the interests of the individual, society and the state, the determination of the limits of interference in the spheres of private interests of third parties exists in all states as their integral part. A number of problems have accumulated in the healthcare sector, and in general in matters of protecting the health of citizens of the Russian Federation, which require immediate resolution. The very idea of fundamental changes in healthcare is associated, in particular, with the COVID-19 pandemic, which showed that domestic healthcare, despite the fact that it generally copes with new threats, has turned out to be vulnerable in modern realities. The object of the research of this article is the legal problems of the definition of the institution of medical secrecy, the totality of social relations that may arise in the process of its legal regulation. The principles of protecting the health of citizens, the issues of defining medical secrets as a generic concept are considered, signs of such information and the grounds for its provision are given.

Modelling the Contact between the Rolling Elements and the Raceways of Bulky Slewing Bearings

2011 ◽  
Vol 490 ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Krynke ◽  
Ludwik Kania ◽  
Eugeniusz Mazanek
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Time ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Linear Characteristic ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Rolling Elements ◽  
Linear Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Slewing Bearings

In slewing bearings, a great number of contact pairs are present on the contact surfaces between the rolling elements and raceways of the bearing. Computations to determine the load of the individual rolling elements, taking into account the flexibility of the bearing ring, are most often carried out using the finite element method. Construction of a FEM full model of the bearing, taking into account the shape of the rolling elements and the determination of the contact problem for every rolling element, leads to a singularity of stiffness matrix, which in turn makes the problem impossible to solve. In FEM models the rolling elements are replaced by one-dimensional finite elements (linear elements) to simplify the computation procedure and to obtain an optimal time for computations. The methods of modelling the rolling elements in the slewing bearing, in which balls have been replaced by truss elements with a material non-linear characteristic located between the raceway centres of the curvatures in their axial section, are presented in the paper.

scholarly journals 24. Photographic Astrometry

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Heinrich Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motions ◽  
Direct Imaging ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Near Future

The name of this commission was recently changed from “Parallaxes and Proper Motions”. These data are at this time indeed obtained mostly by the techniques of photographic astrometry, but so is the bulk of relative star positions. It is clear, however, that the nonabsolute determination of relative positions and data derived from them in narrow fields (which describes the scope of this Commission) is going to be carried out more and more also by nonphotographic methods, namely photoelectrically (Earth and satellite based) by interferometry (optical, radio, and speckle) and by direct imaging. This therefore creates considerable overlap with the subject areas and methods of a number of other Commissions, especially Commission 8, and it will be appropriate for Commission 24 in the near future to examine critically the overlapping areas of interest and to come to an agreement about the definition of the proper responsibilities of the individual commissions.

The Inheritance of Neuroticism: An Experimental Study

1951 ◽  
Vol 97 (408) ◽  
pp. 441-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Eysenck ◽  
D. B. Prell
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Research Endeavour

It is commonly believed that heredity plays a considerable part in the determination of an individual's personality. If we accept the well-known definition of personality as “the integrated organization of all the cognitive, affective, conative and physical characteristics of an individual as it manifests itself in focal distinctness to others,” we might expect that much research endeavour would have been dedicated to the discovery of hereditary influences on the cognitive, affective, conative and physical characteristics of the individual. A certain amount of such research there has been, but its emphasis has been curiously lopsided; we have some studies into inheritance of physical characteristics, and numerous studies into the inheritance of cognitive characteristics, but there has been little worth-while research into the conative and affective sides of personality.

Microstructure Numerical Modelling Change during the Round Bars Rolling

2012 ◽  
Vol 715-716 ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Mróz ◽  
Piotr Szota ◽  
Andrzej Stefanik ◽  
Henryk Dyja
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
Stress Dependent

In this work result of the theoretical analyses, witch the main purpose was modelling of the microstructure change during round bars rolling was presented. To determination of the austenite diameter during numerical modelling of the rolling process it is necessary to assign mathematical models of the microstructure change, relationship making the value of yield stress dependent on deformation parameters, temperature and strain range. Theoretical analysis was made in computer program Forge2008®, based on the finite-element method. An analysis was made for two cases: traditional - without accelerated cooling during rolling process and normalizing with one section of the accelerated cooling during rolling process for the ø26 mm round bars. Modification of the ø26 mm round bars rolling technology with accelerated cooling, affect the reduction of average austenite diameter, which cause improving impact resistance of the final product. Results of the theoretical analysis were verified in industrial conditions, in one of polish steelwork.

The SpannEnD Project - Numerical modelling of the 3D stress state of Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Ahlers ◽  
Luisa Röckel ◽  
Andreas Henk ◽  
Karsten Reiter ◽  
Tobias Hergert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
First Results ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Model Geometry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Maximum Horizontal Stress

<p>One important criterion for the characterization of a potential nuclear waste repository is the crustal stress field. However, stress data are sparse and usually incomplete regarding the six independent components of the stress tensor. The World Stress Map (WSM) is a valuable compilation of stress data, but it does not include information about stress magnitudes as only the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress (S<sub>Hmax</sub>) is provided. To receive a comprehensive and continuous 3D description of the stress field in a particular area, geomechanical-numerical modelling is required. Key objectives of the SpannEnD project (Spannungsmodell Endlagerung Deutschland) is to provide such a model for Germany and to develop methods for robust stress predictions at the local scale.</p><p>The SpannEnD model is based on finite element techniques and comprises a 3D lithosphere-scale structural model of Germany. The lateral extent of the model covers a pentagon-shaped area of Central Europe with dimensions of 1000 x 1250 km². The model has been chosen significantly larger than Germany to reduce boundary effects in the study area. Furthermore, on the base of the observed stress orientation pattern, the boundaries have been defined parallel or perpendicular to the known orientation of S<sub>Hmax</sub> to simplify the definition of the boundary conditions. The vertical extent of the model is from the surface to a depth of 100 km, incorporating several sedimentary layers, several basement units and the Mohorovičić discontinuity. The mesh is laterally homogenous with a resolution of about 4 km and vertically inhomogeneous with a decreasing resolution with increasing depth, to provide the finest mesh in the layers of the greatest interest, near the surface. These units also provide the most stress data measurements to calibrate the model. Furthermore, a selected number of important faults is implemented in the model. This structural model is discretized into about 4 million elements. For the calibration of the model we use a new compilation of stress magnitude data. We present the workflow, the model geometry, and some first results.</p>

scholarly journals Conceptual Approaches to the Education of Life-Meaningful Values of Teenagers and Early Adolescence in Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 315-319
Author(s):  
Katherinа Zhurba
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the conceptual approaches to the upbringing in the education of lifemeaningful values of teenagers and early adolescence in Ukraine. The definition of life-meaningfulvalues has been given up. The major problems and contradictions in the upbringing of theUkrainian children were paid attention to. The dependence of the result of upbringing, from thedesire and the participation of all actors: children, parents, teachers is pointed out. Conceptualapproaches to education of life values meaning are analyzed on the methodological, theoreticaland practical levels. The aspects of the previous researches have been underlined. In this context, asystematic approach determines the integrity of the educational process in primary and highschool. Synergetic approach combines the organization and self-organization of the growingpersonality. Humanistic approach recognizes each child's highest value at school, family, andsociety. Personal-centered approach provides individual attention to him, to free choice of that orother life-meaningful values. Activity approach provides practice and deed activity of children andshows how the value of the meaning of life affects the behavior of the individual. The theoreticallevel of substantiation of the concept of education of children of teenagers and early youth givesability to define key points and concepts. Practical level implies the corresponding experimentalactivity, the determination of propriate pedagogical conditions, the selection of content, forms andmethods of education of teenagers and early adolescence. Conceptual approaches offer theopportunity to develop a modern system of education of the values of the meaning of life ofteenagers and early adolescence in Ukraine. Implementation of conceptual approaches aimed atqualitative changes in the education of life-meaningful values among of teenagers and earlyadolescence

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