scholarly journals Sense of smell and volatile aroma compounds and their role in the evaluation of the quality of products of animal origin – a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gąsior ◽  
Krzysztof Wojtycza

Abstract The aim of this article is to examine how the sense of smell and aroma compounds influence the quality of food of animal origin, and to review gas chromatography-olfactometry methods of volatile substances analysis that can help to promote regional animal products. Smell and smell-inducing compounds play an important role in human life. People have made use of aromatic herbs and spices for ages. The classification of smells was developed by, among others, Aristotle, Linnaeus, Zwaardemaker, as well as Amoore, the creator of the stereochemical theory of olfaction. Smell is also of exceptional importance in a consumer’s evaluation of food quality. Achievements in the area of chromatography, mass spectrometry and olfactometry have contributed to the development of tests for the content of volatile compounds in food materials, e.g. milk, cheese or meat. Analysis of these compounds is more and more often applied to regional products that are commonly characterised by different olfactory properties. The study’s results of raw meat of different animal species show that nutria meat and mutton differ the most from others. Apart from genetic factors, meat composition depends on feeding method, quality and type of fodder, method of cutting, meat seasoning, pH and temperature of processing. Chromatographic and olfactometric tests on animal products, in conjunction with chemometrics, can contribute to the development of reliable characteristics and help to identify the products’ origin. These tests are becoming an inseparable part of the policy of promotion of regional products with specific taste and olfactory properties.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Damian Konkol ◽  
Konrad Wojnarowski

The demand for protein of animal origin and consumer awareness has been systematically increasing over recent years. This fact obliges breeders to provide animals with the best possible breeding conditions, which will condition the productivity of animals and the quality of products obtained from them. Nowadays, this is especially important because consumers are looking for food that is characterized by prohealth properties, a longer shelf life, and high sensory quality. Good results in improving the composition and quality of products of animal origin bring the use of nanominerals in animal nutrition. The purpose of this work was to collect and systematize knowledge related to the possibility of improving the composition and quality of animal products using minerals in the form of nanoparticles in animal nutrition.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Sidorenko ◽  
Ekaterina Zhukova

The textbook examines the role of microorganisms in shaping the quality of animal products, describes the microorganisms that affect the quality of food and processes caused by technically and technologically important microflora. The basic principles of microbiological control of milk and meat processing products production are described. The second edition focuses on the quality and safety of food products of animal origin. The material has been reworked and supplemented with the results of recent research, which can be used in the training program for microbiologists in food technology. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in biological specialties, agricultural technologists in the profile "Technology of production, storage and processing of animal products" and in the areas of training 35.03.07 "Technology of production and processing of agricultural products", 19.03.03, 19.04.03 "food of animal origin".


2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thomas ◽  
D. Rangnekar

Livestock production currently accounts for some 40% of the gross value of world agricultural production, and its share is rising (FAO, 2002). Livestock production is the largest user of agricultural land; directly through grazing of pastures and indirectly through the production of forage crops and other feeds. Over the next 20 years, there will be a massive increase in demand for food of animal origin in developing countries, and this increase will be greater than for either the major cereals or roots and tubers (IFPRI, 1995; Delgado et al., 1999).


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Paweł Kępka

The article presents issues related to  security design including, among others, the classification of security design, criteria for its division, the essence of design, security interests and objectives, security determinants (environment), concepts for safety-enhancing activities under specified conditions, security potential and the concept of security enhancing activities. The considerations are based on the assumption that security is first and foremost based on the need to protect against the real risks posed by elements that could negatively affect individuals, communities or entire countries. On the other hand, the long history, beyond the defined approach to  providing security, resulting strictly from the willingness to  live in  a  specific environment (space), indicates cases in which the sense of security is related to the authority, capabilities, quality of assets and resources possessed. Both of the approaches presented emphasise that, regardless of their attitude, the issue of protection of human life and health is the most important category of things to be protected. The first approach indicates a reactionary character, closely related to intervention in respect of a given threat (real or imaginary), while the second one draws the perspective of organising the security potential that constitutes the strength of the individual in general, including the case of a real threat. It is a sign of preparing resources (legal, organisational, material, financial, informational) for the potential threat from nature, another person or a country. The concepts defined for preparing for what becomes a threat to the protected values are not only logical, but can also be seen in a hierarchical way. The proof in this case is that, first of all, people repel what threatens them here and now and only then do they think about building their security potential as an answer to what they may face in the future.


Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Jemeļjanovs ◽  
Inese Zītare ◽  
Ināra Helēna Konošonoka ◽  
Vera Krastiņa ◽  
Lîga Proškina ◽  
...  

Over the last decade in Latvia, the production levels of beef, pork and poultry meat have been dramatically reduced. The yearly meat consumption per capita in Latvia is about 60 kg. Traditionally, pig meat consumption is higher than consumption of bovine meat, which has higher production costs. Lower priced meat from European countries is imported and placed on the market in Latvia. The Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine “Sigra”, Latvia, LUA, performs important research on meat quality and acquisition of safe and healthy food of animal origin. Cattle herds of meat breed are highly varied both from the aspect of animals and the quality of the sold meat produce. In meat of bovine animals, the settling of cholesterol on the blood vessel walls is precluded by 5.4-8.13% ω-3 and 12.97-16.27% ω-6 on average. The meat of the beef breed cattle contains wholesome proportions of proteins, fatty acids in quantities sufficient for humans, a relatively low cholesterol level (about 77 mg%) and good qualities of the culinary flavours and aromas. There are on-going research studies on the quality of meat of different pig breeds and their influencing factors, as well as on acquisition of meet in accordance with the consumer requirements. Extensive research is carried out also on the quality of broiler meat, with the target of acquisition of new quality meat. Assessment of the role of game meat in human consumption and the hygiene aspects of its acquisition are also included. Due to the development of heliculture in Latvia, the assessment of snail meat and its role in human consumption has also been launched.


1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
W. Schaefer-Kehnert

It is a world-wide experience that economic growth creates an increasing demand for food of animal origin, and, once a certain income level is reached, the demand for food of vegetable origin shrinks. Therefore, the proportion of animal products in the human diet is almost an indicator of the income level achieved by certain population groups or whole countries (excluding vegetarian societies on the one hand and pastoral societies on the other). FAO's provisional food balance sheets (FAO, 1977) indicate that, in most low income countries, animal products contribute less than 10% to total energy intake, whereas in high income countries they contribute almost 50%


Author(s):  
Эльза Венеровна Мигранова

Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение отражения в паремическом наследии башкирского народа такой важной составляющей системы жизнеобеспечения, как традиционная пищевая культура, а также прошлых хозяйственных занятий народа. Многие башкирские пословицы дошли до нас из глубокой древности, некоторые появились несколько позднее, иные — даже ближе к нашему времени. В качестве основного источника нами использованы башкирские пословицы в переводе на русский язык из 7-го тома свода «Башкирское народное творчество» (Уфа, 1993); оригиналы пословиц на башкирском языке содержатся в издании «Башkорт халыk ижады» (Уфа, 1980). Значительный вклад в сбор и изучение паремического наследия башкир внесли дореволюционные и советские исследователи башкирского края, а также современные ученые-фольклористы. Среди них особо следует выделить доктора филологических наук Ф. А. Надршину, сфера научных интересов которой, в числе прочих вопросов, касалась и изучения паремического наследия башкирского народа. Из пословиц можно получить представление и о древнейших, допроизводственных видах хозяйственной деятельности башкир (охота, рыболовство, собирательство, в том числе собирательство меда диких пчел — бортничество), и о производящих — скотоводство, птицеводство, земледелие, садоводство и огородничество. Продукты питания, о которых упоминается в башкирских пословицах, можно условно разделить на несколько категорий — это продукты животного происхождения (мясо, молоко, яйца, рыба); растительная пища (крупы, злаки, овощи, дикие коренья и травы); а также мед, специи и т. д. Большое внимание в пословицах уделялось качеству продуктов; в них отображен и порядок приема пищи; гостеприимство народа, традиционные башкирские праздники и обряды, а также пища, приготовляемая к ним; пищевые табу, соблюдение которых было обязательным в башкирском обществе и т. д. Так, например, осуждалось пьянство; водка считалась причиной многих болезней и даже смерти. В народной среде было принято бережное, рачительное отношение к продуктам питания, что также нашло отражение в пословицах и поговорках. В далеком прошлом у башкир, как у многих других язычников, с пищей были связаны определенные культы и поверья. К тому же, сохранившиеся в народной памяти отголоски неурожайных голодных лет, дали значительный материал для появления пословиц о необходимости ценить еду. Исходя из анализа имеющихся материалов, можно еще раз подтвердить, что пословицы — это ценный источник для изучения истории башкирского народа, его духовной и материальной культуры. The purpose of this article is to consider the reflection in the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people of such an important component of the life support system as traditional food culture, as well as the past economic activities of the people. Many Bashkir proverbs originated come down to us from ancient times, some appeared a little later, others-even closer to our time. As the main source, we used Bashkir proverbs translated into Russian from volume 7 of the series “Bashkir folk Art” (Ufa, 1993); The originals of proverbs in the Bashkir language are contained in the publication “Bashkort Halyk Izhady” (Ufa, 1980). A significant contribution to the collection and study of the Bashkir paremic heritage was made by pre-revolutionary and Soviet researchers of the Bashkir territory, as well as modern folklore scientists. Among them, it is particularly necessary to highlight F. A. Nadrshina, whose sphere of scientific interests, among other issues, concerned the study of the paremic heritage of the Bashkir people. The food products mentioned in Bashkir proverbs can be divided into several categories: animal products (meat, milk, eggs); vegetable food (cereals, vegetables, wild roots and herbs); fish, honey, spices, as well as dishes prepared from them. Much attention was paid to the quality of products in the paremias; they also reflect the order of eating; the hospitality of the people, traditional Bashkir holidays and rituals, as well as food prepared for them; food taboos, the observance of which was mandatory in Bashkir society, etc. For example, drunkenness was condemned; vodka was considered the cause of many diseases and even death. Among the people, a careful, prudent attitude to food was promoted, which was also reflected in proverbs and sayings. In the distant past, the Bashkirs, like many other pagans, had certain cults and beliefs associated with food. In addition, the echoes of the lean famine years preserved in the people's memory also provided significant material for the appearance of proverbs about the need to appreciate food. Based on the analysis of the available materials, we can conclude that proverbs are a valuable source for studying the ethnography of Bashkirs, its spiritual and material culture.


Author(s):  
Carmen LAZAR ◽  
Ancuta Mihaela ROTAR ◽  
Sorin APOSTU ◽  
Georgiana BUZGAU

The quality and safety of grocery became a consumers’ right that affects directly the quality of life. Thus, the issues referring to the safety of grocery is in the center of attention of the institutions created for protecting the customers’ best interests. The bio milk can be defined as milk with zero quality defects. This means that the milk corresponds to all quality criteria, respectively nutritional, sanitary, bacteriologic, technologic, sensorial, and psycho-social. The microbiological analyses that are described in the paper have the purpose of monitoring the microbiological parameters listed COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1441/2007 of 5 December 2007 amending Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs and REGULATION (EC) No 853/2004 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin. The research was made during the validity period of the 3 types of milk that were studied (eco milk, UHT milk, conventional) respectively the product in the first day of validity, in the middle of the validity period and in the last day of validity. The methods used represented both rapid and classic standardized techniques, using media of enrichment, isolation and confirmation, characteristic to each method. After the realised determinations referring to some microbiological characteristics of the conventional and ecological milk, through the validity period were observed some alterations related to the microbiological quality of milk.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdez-Arjona ◽  
Ramírez-Mella

Meat, milk, and egg contribute positively to the nutrition and health of humans; however, livestock requires a large number of resources, including land for fodder and grains. Worldwide millions of tons of vegetable waste are produced without any further processing, causing pollution and health risks. Properly managed vegetable waste could provide a source of feed for livestock, thus reducing feeding costs. In this regard, pumpkin waste (Cucurbita sp.) is an alternative. Research on pumpkin waste on animal nutrition is scarce, however, it has potential as animal feed not only for its nutritional value but also for its antioxidants, pigments, and polysaccharides content that could enhance quality of meat, milk, and egg, as well animal health. In this review, we describe the environmental impact of livestock as a result of greater demand for food of animal origin, including the importance of the consumption of animal foods in human nutrition and health. Moreover, we emphasize the potential of plant residues and, particularly, on the characteristics of pumpkins and how their use as feedstuff for livestock could improve productivity and modify the composition of meat, milk, and egg.


2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Savvateeva ◽  
Jorge Numata ◽  
Robert Pieper ◽  
Helmut Schafft ◽  
Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt ◽  
...  

AbstractTetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a ubiquitous, toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative organic pollutant. TCDD can potentially enter the food chain through contaminated food of animal origin as a consequence of feed contamination. Prediction of the TCDD transfer from feed into animal products is thus important for human health risk assessment. Here, we develop several physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models of TCDD transfer from contaminated feed into growing pigs (Sus scrofa) exposed to doses ranging from 24.52 to 3269.25 ng of TCDD. We test the consequences of explicit dose-dependent absorption (DDA) versus the indirect effects of a self-induced liver metabolism (SIM). The DDA and SIM models showed similar fit to experimental data, although currently it is not possible to unequivocally make statement on a mechanistic preference. The performance of both toxicokinetic models was successfully evaluated using the 1999 Belgian case of contaminated fats for feeding. In combination with toxicokinetic models of other dioxin congeners, they can be used to formulate maximum allowance levels of dioxins in feedstuffs for pigs. Additionally, the implementation of in silico-predicted partition coefficients was explored as a useful alternative to predict TCDD tissue distribution in low-dose scenarios without recurring to animal experiments.


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