scholarly journals Numerical simulation of thermal-hydraulic processes in the riser chamber of installation for clinker production

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Borsuk ◽  
Bolesław Dobrowolski ◽  
Grzegorz Nowosielski ◽  
Jacek Wydrych ◽  
Jerzy Duda
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Stage Combustion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Clinker Production

AbstractClinker burning process has a decisive influence on energy consumption and the cost of cement production. A new problem is to use the process of decarbonization of alternative fuels from waste. These issues are particularly important in the introduction of a two-stage combustion of fuel in a rotary kiln without the typical reactor-decarbonizator. This work presents results of numerical studies on thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the riser chamber, which will be designed to burn fuel in the system where combustion air is supplied separately from the clinker cooler. The mathematical model is based on a combination of two methods of motion description: Euler description for the gas phase and Lagrange description for particles. Heat transfer between particles of raw material and gas was added to the numerical calculations. The main aim of the research was finding the correct fractional distribution of particles. For assumed particle distribution on the first stage of work, authors noted that all particles were carried away by the upper outlet to the preheater tower, what is not corresponding to the results of experimental studies. The obtained results of calculations can be the basis for further optimization of the design and operating conditions in the riser chamber with the implementation of the system.

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ГІГІЄНІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НАТІЛЬНОЇ ЛІКАРНЯНОЇ БІЛИЗНИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
І. О. Іванов ◽  
Н. П. Супрун ◽  
Ю. О. Ващенко
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Basic Functions

Investigation of the influence of the peculiarities of raw material composition and structure of traditional and innovative linen textile materials on their hygienic properties. Theoretical and experimental investigations are based on the main positions of textile materials science. In experimental studies, modern standardized methods for determining the hygienic properties of textile materials were used, as well as techniques specially developed taking into account the peculiarities of the operating conditions of underwear. The peculiarities of the operating conditions and the basic functions of hospital underwear were determined. The comparative analysis of hygienic properties of traditional and modern fabrics for underwear was carried out. Using the standardized and the developed methods, adapted to the peculiarities of the conditions of use of the products, the indicators characterizing the processes of water absorption of the materials were experimentally determined. On the basis of the obtained values of quality indicators, a comprehensive assessment of the ability of materials to transfer moisture and air, with the calculation of the arithmetic complex quality index was done. This allowed to determine the material that is optimal in properties, which provides thermophysiological comfort when operating hospital underwear. Using the developed methods, which take into account the specifics of the operating conditions, a comparative analysis of the hygienic properties of traditional and innovative materials for underwear was carried out. A new range of textile materials for underwear has been proposed, taking into account the peculiarities of the operational situation of consumption.

scholarly journals Metode Menentukan Klor dalam Sludge Oil: Perbandingan Metode Wet dan Metode Jena

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herliati Rahman ◽  
Akhirudin Salasa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Difference

Currently, the use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) in the cement industry is very attractive. This is driven by demands for environmental sustainability and the efficiency of fuel and raw material costs. One of the materials that can be used as AFR is sludge oil. However, it needs to be ensured that the chlorine content in the sludge oil does not exceed the threshold so that it does not have a negative impact during the cement production process. It is known that if the chlorine content is more than the threshold, it can cause blocking or clogging of the separator and the kiln. This study aims to determine the performance of the Jena Multi EA 4000 instrument in determining the chlorine content in sludge oil quickly and accurately. Analytic Jena Multi EA 4000 is an Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS) instrument that can be used for analysis of samples in the form of solids or slurries containing chlorine. As validation of the resulting analysis, the wet method is used, which as usual, to determine chlorine levels. From the statistic analysis, namely the F-test and T-test, We found that F-count equal to 0.0080 and F-table equal to 4.2839. it shows that F-count < F-table, indicating the difference in the variance of the two methods H0: s12 = s22 is accepted because there is no difference to the variability of these two tests and the value of T-count = -3.9717 and T-table = 2.1788 so that T-count <T-table is accepted because there is no difference in the average accuracy of the two methods H0: M1 = M2.  

Economic and Environmental Assessment of Redmud as Aggregate in Cement Clinker Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 3254-3257
Author(s):  
Jing Min Hong ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Jing Lan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Dominant Contribution ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Clinker Production

A cost combined life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the economic and environmental impact of redmud as aggregate in cement production. Results showed that the raw materials, transport, electricity and coal had the highest contribution to overall cost, while coal production and direct emissions represented the dominant contribution to overall environment impact. Improving energy and raw material efficiency and minimizing raw materials transport distance are the efficient way to minimize overall environmental and economic impacts.

scholarly journals Experimental studies of the thermal management system for an electric vehicle in the X-In-The-Loop environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012120
Author(s):  
R H Kurmaev ◽  
A A Umnitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Management System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This article presents the experience of conducting experimental studies of the thermal management system (TMS) intended for the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle, which has each of its wheels driven by an in-wheel motor, in the X-In-the-Loop environment. The paper describes the experimental bench of the thermal management system, which makes it possible to simulate the operating conditions of the high-voltage components of the traction drive of an electric vehicle from the point of view of thermal-hydraulic characteristics. A brief description of the mathematical model used in real-time calculations during both local and collaborative experimental studies is given. The process of collaborative testing of the TMS of high-voltage components of the traction drive of an electric vehicle, in the X-In-the-Loop environment, as well as the results, is demonstrated. A similar approach used in the development of TMS allows increasing the efficiency of the system developed, by optimizing the control algorithm for the executive devices of the TMS, reducing the weight, as well as the overall dimensions of the components, and conducting a detailed analysis of each component. It is also worth noting that the use of collaborative experimental research in the X-In-the-Loop environment will reduce the cost of the experiment, as well as, ultimately, the cost of the product, since with such an approach there is no need for a real test object for each company engaged in the development of one or another electric.

scholarly journals Replacement of fish meal using pig manure as protein source for Nile tilapia culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Buncha Tongmee ◽  
Niwooti Whangchai ◽  
Sudaporn Tongsiri ◽  
Yuwalee Unpaprom
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
The Cost

The cost of fish feed is a significant constraint to freshwater fish farming in Asia. In the aquaculture value chain, feed is a responsible factor and accounts for nearly 75% of the total cost of fish production in many countries. Therefore, this study attempts to focus the feasibility of using pig manure fermentation to formulate feed pellets to culture the tilapia fish in the cement pond, along with the cultured using ready-made feed containing the residue from the manure fermentation at different ratios. Accordingly, the experimental studies were approached by two types of experiments, namely, experiment 1 (focused on the nutrients in pig manure collected from an anaerobic system farm), and experiment 2 (studied the appropriate level of pig manure to be used as a raw material for fish feeding). The five months’ fermentation of pig manure contains 17.09% protein, which is the highest amount of nutrition source. Digestate manure was estimated; other primary macronutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, were 2.73, 0.55 and 1.22 %, respectively. Also, a considerable amount of essential micronutrients, for example, copper, manganese and zinc, were found in the digestate. Nile tilapia were grown at the cement ponds for 120 days. The maximum verified dry matter and protein digestibility in tilapia were attained for diets containing 10 % percent pig manure at 89.28 ± 4.09 and 56.64 ± 1.43 (p> 0.05), respectively. In this study experimental results indicated that fish meal consisting of 15% manure was found to be the most acceptable substitute source of protein for tilapia production. This implies that the cost of fish meal production using fermented pig manure can be significantly lowered, gain higher profit and provide significant economic benefits to farmers.

scholarly journals Increasing Parameters of Diesel Engines by Their Transformation for Methanol Conversion Products

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Sviatoslav Kryshtopa ◽  
Krzysztof Górski ◽  
Rafał Longwic ◽  
Ruslans Smigins ◽  
Liudmyla Kryshtopa
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Cost

The work is aimed at solving the problem of converting existing diesel power drives to gas fuels, which are cheaper and more environmentally friendly alternatives to diesel fuel. Method of energy efficiency increasing of alternative fuels has been improved. Thermochemical essence of energy increasing of source fuel based on the provisions of thermodynamics is considered. Alternative methanol fuel has been chosen as initial product for conversion process and its cost, energy value, and temperature conditions have been taken into account. Calculations showed that the thermal effect from combustion of the converted mixture of CO and H2 exceeds the effect from combustion of the same amount of non-convertible methanol. Fuel energy and engine power were increased due to thermochemical regeneration of exhaust gas heat. An experimental setup was created to study the operation of a converted diesel engine on methanol conversion products. Experimental studies of power, economic, and environmental parameters of converted diesel engine for methanol conversion products were performed. Experimental studies have shown that conversion of diesel engines to work using methanol conversion products is technically reasonable. Fuel consumption reduction was accompanied by environmental performance improvement of the diesel engine working together with a thermochemical methanol conversion reactor. Formation of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases decreased in the range of 22–35%, and carbon monoxide occurred in the range of 0–24% according to the crankshaft speed and loading on the engine. Conversion of diesel engines for methanol conversion products is very profitable, because the price of methanol is, on average, 10–20% of the cost of diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Analysis of the accumulation of amylolytic enzymes in triticale grain during malting process

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Meruyert Bayazitova ◽  
Anara Kekibaeva ◽  
Gulgaisha Baigaziyeva ◽  
Erik Askarbekov ◽  
Dinara Zhamalova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Beer Production

Generalization of the results of theoretical and practical research in the production of beer showed that the rise in prices for cereals, and in particular for barley, leads to an increase in the price of malt and, accordingly, an increase in the cost of the final product – beer. In this regard, modern brewers face the acute problem of a shortage of high-quality raw materials for beer production, as well as high competition in the consumer market. The need for inexpensive raw materials for brewing beer has grown significantly. Along with malt substitutes, a new product has appeared on the brewing commodity market – triticale. It surpasses barley in terms of the total amount of extract and other chemical indicators, so the use of this culture as a raw material for the production of brewing malt is a promising direction in brewing. In this work, we selected the optimal modes of malting grain triticale varieties “Balausa 8” to a moisture content of 40 %, 42 % and 44 % and germination for 3, 4 and 5 days at temperatures of 14 °C, 16 °C and 18 °C. Based on experimental studies, it has been found that 16 °C should be considered the optimal temperature for soaking triticale grains to a moisture content of 44 %. In the studies, the optimal mode of malting was experimentally determined for 5 days at a temperature of 16 °C, which made it possible to ensure the maximum accumulation of hydrolytic enzymes. Accelerated synthesis of amylases (217.99 units) occurs due to an increase in the rate of diffusion of gibberellin-like substances to the cells of the aleurone layer. The maximum accumulation of amylolytic enzymes is observed already on the 5th day of malting, which shortens this process by 2 days in the production of malt using classical technology

scholarly journals Substitution Local Resources Basalt Stone Scoria Lampung, Indonesia, as a Third Raw Material Aggregate to Increase The Quality of Portland Composite Cement (PCC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.14) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Rajiman . ◽  
Sofia W Alisjahbana ◽  
Hery Riyanto ◽  
Cholil Hasyim ◽  
Muhammad Ikhsan Setiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Hydraulic Cement ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
The Cost

Domestic cement demand is increasing in line with the increase of development of property sector and construction sector. Cement is one of the important components in making a permanent building. The function of cement in a construction is as an adhesive material that affects the strength of a building. The process of making cement is divided into two groups, namely hydraulic cement and non-hydraulic cement. Hydraulic cement consists of Portland type cement and PCC type cement, PPC cement and slag cement. The type of PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement) is produced from grinding clinker with gypsum with the addition of third raw material. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of cement quality improvement with substitution of basalt scoria stone raw material as much as 0-10% as the third raw material. The source of basalt scoria stone originated from Lampung Timur, Indonesia. The fineness test showed cement fineness was 2983-3665 cm2/gr with minimum SNI standard 2800 cm2/gr. Residue test meets the requirements of SNI standard that is equal to 16,07% -18,55%. The compressive strength test was performed at ages 3, 7 and 28 days and obtained the result that the optimum compressive strength produced was 235, 314, 394 kg/cm2. Basalt rock usage as substitution material in cement production can decrease environmental pollution caused by clinker production. Based on the cost estimation analysis, the use of basalt stone can decrease the production cost which impact on the increase of profit 

scholarly journals Numerical analysis and experimental research of the rubber boot of the joint drive vehicle

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ziobro
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Contact Condition ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Two Parameter

Abstract The article presents many numerical studies and experimental research of the drive rubber boot of the joint drive vehicle. Performance requirements have been discussed and the required coefficients of the mathematical model for numerical simulation have been determined. The behavior of living in MSC.MARC environment was examined. In the analysis the following have been used: hyperplastic two-parameter model of the Mooney-Rivlin material, large displacements procedure, safe contact condition, friction on the sides of the boots. 3D numerical model of the joint bootwas analyzed under influence of the forces: tensile, compressive, centrifugal and angular. Numerous results of studies have been presented. An appropriate test stand was built and comparison of the results of the numerical analysis and the results of experimental studies was made. Numerous requests and recommendations for utilitarian character have been presented.

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