Auf der Suche nach der Zeit als narratologische Analysekategorie. Mit Beispielen aus der setsuwa-Literatur

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Balmes
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Time Concepts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gerard Genette

Abstract There are three levels on which time is constitutive for narrative discourse: a) without time events as well as the story world cannot be conceived; b) time is needed to tell a story; c) the recipient of a narrative text makes temporal connections by recalling something that happened earlier in the story or the way in which something has been told, or by wondering how the narrative will continue. An examination of these levels shows, however, that the underlying time concepts or temporalities differ significantly. In most narratological studies, the focus lies on the relationship between ‘narrated time’ and ‘narrating time’ (Günther Müller, “Die Bedeutung der Zeit in der Erzählkunst,” 1947), pertaining to what Gérard Genette (“Discours du récit,” 1972) has systematized under the categories of ‘order,’ ‘duration,’ and ‘frequency.’ While a textual analysis based on these concepts may lead to promising results, there are also limitations to this approach. Using examples from Japanese twelfth- to thirteenth-century setsuwa literature, I demonstrate that Meir Sternberg’s (“Telling in Time (II): Chronology, Teleology, Narrativity,” 1992) cognitive theory based on reception and centered around the temporal dynamics of suspense, curiosity, and surprise provides a useful toolkit to make sense of narratives where ‘classical’ theory fails. The application on a tale from Konjaku monogatari shū (24:11) has implications for our understanding of the transmission of the story and allows us to reject one existing theory of the historical development of the tale.

scholarly journals TEORI NARATOLOGI GÉRARD GENETTE (TINJAUAN KONSEPTUAL)

TELAGA BAHASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Herman Didipu
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Conceptual Thinking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gerard Genette

Artikel ini bertujuan menguraikan pokok pemikiran konseptual teori naratologi Gérard Genette. Pokok pemikiran teori naratologi Gérard Genette dituangkan dalam bukunya yang berjudul Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Genette mengusulkan untuk menggunakan tiga istilah yang berbeda. Pertama, kata story ‘cerita’ yang menjadi signified ‘petanda’ atau konten narasi. Istilah story ini sepadan dengan kata histoire (Prancis) dan geschichte (Jerman). Kedua, kata narrative ‘naratif atau penceritaan’ sebagai signifier atau penanda, pernyataan, wacana atau sebagai teks naratif itu sendiri. Istilah narrative sejajar dengan kata récit (Prancis) dan discourse (Inggris). Ketiga, istilah narrating ‘menceritakan‘sebagai aksi atau tindakan memproduksi naratif, atau dalam pengertian yang lebih luas, sebagai keseluruhan situasi nyata atau fiksi di mana aksi terjadi. Genette mengemukakan tiga kategori struktur naratif sebagai dasar pemikirannya, yaitu tense, mood, dan voice. Dalam pembahasan bukunya, selanjutnya Genette membagi unsur tense menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu order, duration, dan frequency. Dengan demikian, pokok bahasan struktur naratif/penceritaan Gérard Genette terdiri atas lima kategori utama, yaitu (1) urutan naratif (order), (2) durasi naratif (duration), (3) frekuensi naratif (frequency), (4) modus naratif (mood), dan (5) suara naratif (voice).Kata kunci: naratologi, Gérard Genette, urutan, durasi, frekuensi, modus, suara naratif                         Gérard Genette Narratology Theory (Conceptual Review)                                                                                      Abstract This article aims to describe the main conceptual thinking of the narratology theory of Gerard Genette. The main idea of the Gérard Genette narratology theory is outlined in his book entitled Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Genette proposed to use three different terms. First, said the 'story' which became signified or narrative content. The term story is commensurate with the words histoire (French) and geschichte (Germany). Second, the narrative word as a signifier, statement, discourse or narrative text itself. The term narrative is parallel to the word récit (French) and discourse (English). Third, the term narrating as an action or action to produce a narrative, or in a broader sense, as a whole real situation or fiction where the action takes place. Genette presents three categories of narrative structure as the basis for thinking, namely tense, mood, and voice. In the discussion of his book, Genette then divides tense elements into three parts, namely order, duration, and frequency. Thus, the subject matter of the Gérard Genette narrative structure consists of five main categories, namely (1) order, (2) duration, (3) frequency, (4) mood, and (5) voice. Keywords: narratology, Gérard Genette, order, duration, frequency, mood, voice

scholarly journals Parametric status of the subject of utterance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
N. K. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Grammatical Subject ◽  
Zero Position ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

The article proposes a possible solution to the problem of the poly-subjectness of narrative discourse, associated with the hybrid nature of artistic communication, in which not only the world of narration is modeled, but also the communicative situation of communication. As one of the parameters of the discursive process, the analysis of which makes it possible to observe the intensive interaction of a number of systems participating in modeling the imaginary world of a work of art, the subject of the statement is considered, in M. Foucault's terminology, an empty position in discourse. The narrative text can be viewed as a complex of a number of communicative phenomena, as a special type of social interaction. A speech act, in which the text becomes an integral component, represents, according to this point of view, a two-unit complex of events, the process of the speaker's production of an utterance and the process of interpretive perception of the finished speech product. The interaction of the author and the reader takes place at the point I here now (Origo), in which an event takes place, which in the theory of the speaking subject of Yu. Kristeva is defined as passing the zero position subject of evocation-process and statement-result. In a complexly structured artistic message, the dynamics of the subject of utterance is expressed in the alternation of pronoun forms. In the structure of discourse, the subject of utterance forms a position, filling which the grammatical subject realizes the relationship between the grammatical and the communicative system, which represents a complex perspective of communication. The observer's area, which determines the communicative situation of narrative discourse, completely excluding interpersonal relations (this is what Bakhtin means when he speaks of the absence of dramatic relations between the author and the reader). The introduction of the observer category makes it possible to describe the position of out-of-access, according to which the author is on the border of fiction. The perspective of the observer explains another feature of literary communication, described by M.M. Bakhtin as the birth of meanings at the moment of meeting (dialogue) of the consciousnesses of both participants.

Career Development and Human Capital Theory: Preaching the “Education Gospel”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Education System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Relationships

This chapter analyses the relationship between career development, education, and human capital theory. It argues that education lies at the heart of our understanding of how individuals develop their careers and how purposeful career development interventions can support them in this endeavour. Career development services are most evident and accessible in the education system. This relationship is not accidental but is rooted in both the historical development of the field and in the importance of human capital theory to the ideology of both education and career development. The chapter finishes by critiquing the dependence of policymakers and advocates for the field on human capital theory and by considering alternative relationships that could be built between education and career development.

The impact of executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and organizational slack on innovation strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyuan Wang ◽  
Biao Luo ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Zhengyun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Organizational Slack ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The paper aims to study the relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies and investigate the moderating effect of contextual factor (i.e. organizational slack) on such relations. It proposes a dualistic relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies, in which different perceptions of environmental threats will lead to corresponding innovation strategies, and dyadic organizational slack can promote such processes. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a survey with 163 valid questionnaires, which were all completed by executives. Hierarchical ordinary least-squares regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses proposed in this paper. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about that executives tend to choose exploratory innovation when they perceive environmental changes as likely loss threats, yet adopt exploitative innovation when perceiving control-reducing threats. Furthermore, unabsorbed slack (e.g. financial redundancy) positively moderates both relationships, while absorbed slack (e.g. operational redundancy) merely positively influences the relationship between the perception of control-reducing threats and exploitative innovation. Originality/value The paper bridges the gap between organizational innovation and cognitive theory by proposing a dualistic relationship between executives’ perceptions of environmental threats and innovation strategies. The paper further enriches innovation studies by jointly considering both subjective and objective influence factors of innovation and argues that organizational slack can moderate such dualistic relationship.

Subject of Economic Science

2015 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
D. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Adam Smith defined economics as “the science of the nature and causes of the wealth of nations” (implicitly appealing – in reference to the “wealth” – to the “value”). Neo-classical theory views it as a science “which studies human behavior in terms of the relationship between the objectives and the limited funds that may have a different use of”. The main reason that turns the neo-classical theory (that serves as the now prevailing economic mainstream) into a tool for manipulation of the public consciousness is the lack of measure (elimination of the “value”). Even though the neo-classical definition of the subject of economics does not contain an explicit rejection of objective measures the reference to “human behavior” inevitably implies methodological subjectivism. This makes it necessary to adopt a principle of equilibrium: if you can not objectively (using a solid measurement) compare different states of the system, we can only postulate the existence of an equilibrium point to which the system tends. Neo-classical postulate of equilibrium can not explain the situation non-equilibrium. As a result, the neo-classical theory fails in matching microeconomics to macroeconomics. Moreover, a denial of the category “value” serves as a theoretical basis and an ideological prerequisite of now flourishing manipulative financial technologies. The author believes in the following two principal definitions: (1) economics is a science that studies the economic system, i.e. a system that creates and recombines value; (2) value is a measure of cost of the object. In our opinion, the value is the information cost measure. It should be added that a disclosure of the nature of this category is not an obligatory prerequisite of its introduction: methodologically, it is quite correct to postulate it a priori. The author concludes that the proposed definitions open the way not only to solve the problem of the measurement in economics, but also to address the issue of harmonizing macro- and microeconomics.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Matthew D. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the analysis of time experience and futuremaking through historical case studies in colonial Mexico. Colonial Mexico developed a culture of innovation, human aspiration, and futuremaking that was subsequently forgotten in part because it did not fit with later definitions of modernity and innovation as secular phenomena and things untethered to the past or tradition. This choice of historical method and topics is driven by a desire to step outside some of the dominant paradigms in the study of Latin America and colonialism in general. Examining the relationship between past, present, and future offers a way to reconsider Mexico's colonial era, its subsequent historical development, and how people have understood that history.

scholarly journals Editorial. AI, Arts & Design: Questioning Learning Machines

Artnodes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth West ◽  
Andrés Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Production Of Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Algorithmic Bias

Explorations of the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI), the arts, and design have existed throughout the historical development of AI. We are currently witnessing exponential growth in the application of Machine Learning (ML) and AI in all domains of art (visual, sonic, performing, spatial, transmedia, audiovisual, and narrative) in parallel with activity in the field that is so rapid that publication can not keep pace. In dialogue with our contemplation about this development in the arts, authors in this issue answer with questions of their own. Through questioning authorship and ethics, autonomy and automation, exploring the contribution of art to AI, algorithmic bias, control structures, machine intelligence in public art, formalization of aesthetics, the production of culture, socio-technical dimensions, relationships to games and aesthetics, and democratization of machine-based creative tools the contributors provide a multifaceted view into crucial dimensions of the present and future of creative AI. In this Artnodes special issue, we pose the question: Does generative and machine creativity in the arts and design represent an evolution of “artistic intelligence,” or is it a metamorphosis of creative practice yielding fundamentally distinct forms and modes of authorship?

scholarly journals Second Annual Conference of the Center for the Study of Islam & Democracy (CSID)

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Layla Sein
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Conference Theme ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islam And Democracy

The Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy (CSID) held its secondannual conference at Georgetown University on April 7, 2001. Students,diplomats, liberal professionals, investors, activists and academicians wereamong the guests at the conference cosponsored by GeorgetownUniversity's Center for Muslim Christian Understanding (CMCU), theInternational Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and the Institute of GlobalCultural Studies.The conference theme, "Islam, Democracy and the Secularist State in thePost Modem Era" echoed in the presentations of Muslim scholars in thefollowing five panels: Islam and Democracy, The Secular State, Elementsof Democracy with Respect to Islam, Postmdernity, and Democracy inPractice and Islam in Context. A total of twenty presentations were madeby the panelists in these five sections.Since the CSID is a research organization with a membership ofacademics, entrepreneurs, Muslim intellectuals, liberal professionals andactivists committed to promoting democracy in the Muslim world, itsannual conferences and monthly publication "The Muslim Democrat" serveas a forum through which the relationship between Islam and democracy isdefined and democratic elements inherent in Islam are identified. As athink-tank dedicated to defining the historical and philosophical basis ofdemocracy and its compatibility with the elements of Islam, CSID'spresentations underscored justice, equality and tolerance as democraticconcepts intrinsic to Islamic principles.By outlining the historical development of secularism and its role inMuslim societies, the panelists did not only encourage Muslim activists toinstitutionalize democratic practices, but they also addressed Muslimscholars and activists from both the western and the Muslim worlds whoare convinced that Islam is incompatible with democracy. By presentingthe causes of problems inherent in secular trends in Muslim countries likeYemen, Jordan, Indonesia and Malaysia, and identifying the shortcomingsin their democratization process, CSID's presentations simultaneouslysought to convince both Islamists and secularists that democratic ideals andIslamic principles were compatible.Since a distinction must be made between the separation of church andstate and the separation of religion from politics in order to advance the ...

scholarly journals Samfundsforskning og tekst - det skotske tilfælde som metodisk problem

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Henrik Halkier
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper explores some possible links between linguistics and social science, departing from an example of textual analysis originating in research in progress. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of historical textual analysis and to the relationship between social phenomena and the concepts employed by social scientists. It is argued that the presence of common theoretical problems and shared methodologies provides an interesting starting point for future interdisciplinary research and for up-to-date teaching of post-graduate students.

scholarly journals The First Catholic Bible in Chinese: Gabriele Allegra and His Translation

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Raissa De Gruttola
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Study ◽  
Study Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Christian missionaries play an important role in the history of the relationship between China and Europe. Their presence in China has been widely explored, but little attention has been paid to the role played by the Bible in their preaching. From 13th to 19th century, although they did not translate the Bible, Catholic missionaries preached the Gospel orally or with catechisms. On the other hand, the Protestant missionaries had published many version of the Chinese Bible throughout the 19th century. It was only in the 20th century that the Franciscan friar Gabriele Allegra decided to go to China as a missionary to translate the Holy Scriptures into Chinese. He arrived in China in 1931 and translated from 1935 to 1961. He also founded a biblical study centre to prepare expert scholars to collaborate in the Bible translation. Allegra and his colleagues completed the translation in 1961, and the first complete single-volume Catholic Bible in Chinese was published in 1968. After presenting the historical background of Allegra’s activity, a textual analysis of some passages of his translation will be presented, emphasizing the meanings of the Chinese words he chose to use to translate particular elements of Christian terminology. This study will verify the closeness of the work by Allegra to the original Greek text and the validity of some particular translation choices.

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