scholarly journals Hygroscopicity of Longitudinally Compressed Wood

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mátyás Báder ◽  
Róbert Németh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Vapour Adsorption ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compressed Wood ◽  
Control Samples

AbstractKnowledge of hygroscopicity is extremely important both in the use of native wood and modified wood. In this study, the modification method was steaming at 100 °C, then longitudinal compression at a rate of 20%. The moisture content (MC) of treated and untreated green beech wood (Fagus sylvaticaL.) was reduced in a climate chamber with gradual reduction of air humidity at 20 °C. The difference of calculated fibre saturation points between control samples and samples compressed for a long time was 6% (MC%). In the course of desorption, this difference decreased, and finally disappeared at 10% moisture content (40% relative humidity). In the second step of the research work, the speed of vapour adsorption was checked. The absolute dry samples were placed in air with 95% relative humidity. The highest deviation in the moisture content was 1% (MC%) between the control and the compressed samples. The compressed wood dries faster than the control samples under the same conditions. Furthermore, during adsorption, the moisture content of the compressed samples at room conditions is lower.

The creep of wood destabilized by change in moisture content. Part 1: The creep behaviors of wood during and immediately after drying

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Takahashi ◽  
Y. Ishimaru ◽  
I. Iida ◽  
Y. Furuta
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature Creep ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Content Part

Abstract To better understand mechano-sorptive creep, creep behaviors were compared in wood samples during the drying process, immediately after drying, and after a long conditioning under constant humidity and temperature. Creep was greater in the sample tested immediately after drying than in the sample conditioned for a long time under relative humidity equal to that after drying, despite the fact that these samples had almost the same moisture content (MC). While the wood that has been moisture-conditioned for a long time is in a stable state, the wood tested immediately after the drying is presumed to be in an unstable state. Moreover, creep of the sample tested during the drying process was greater than that of the sample tested immediately after the drying. It has also been found that the instability decreased with time, indicating that stabilization and destabilization occur simultaneously during the drying process. In recent studies, a decrease in the elastic modulus and an increase in the fluidity of wood immediately after a change in MC or temperature have been reported. These findings are attributed to the instability caused by changes in MC or temperature. Based on the results of the present study and recent studies, we consider the increase in the fluidity of wood as the MC changes to be attributable to instability.

scholarly journals Effects of Atmospheric-Pressure Cold Plasma Treatment on Deoxynivalenol Degradation, Quality Parameters, and Germination of Barley Grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Feizollahi ◽  
Basheer Iqdiam ◽  
Thava Vasanthan ◽  
Malinda S. Thilakarathna ◽  
M. S. Roopesh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Grain Surface ◽  
Control Samples

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the major trichothecene mycotoxins commonly found in grains, in particular barley. This study focused on the reduction of DON concentration on barley samples using atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) treatment. The effects of moisture content, post-treatment storage, and relative humidity of air on DON degradation on barley were evaluated. Additionally, the germination and the quality parameters of barley, including protein content, β-glucan, and moisture content, were evaluated. The results showed that ACP treatment for 6 and 10 min reduced DON concentration by 48.9% and 54.4%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the DON degradation levels by increasing the moisture content of barley from 9.5 to 15.7 g water/100 g sample and relative humidity of air from 12 to 60%. Steeping of barley grains without subsequent drying prior to ACP treatment significantly increased the degradation rate of DON by ACP due to the presence of water on the grain surface. No significant differences were observed for the tested quality parameters of barley in comparison with control samples. This study shows that ACP may offer an effective DON reduction in barley without affecting the quality attributes. However, ACP treatment parameters should be optimized to achieve a better DON reduction efficacy.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Briquettes from Different Feed Stock

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Vyas ◽  
F Sayyad ◽  
M Khardiwar ◽  
Shailendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Feed Stock ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

This study was undertaken to evaluate the Physico-chemical properties of eight different types of biomass feed stock and their briquettes were studied among that some properties which are influence their storage and combustion properties like Equilibrium moisture content (EMC %) and Relative humidity (%). Equilibrium moisture content are found out by static equilibrium technique using aqueous glycerol solutions of different concentrations in the relative humidity (RH) range of 40 to 90 % and at ambient temperature between 25 to 37 ºC. The Equilibrium moisture content of briquettes was lower than their feedstock by about 1 – 2.5 % in all the cases ranges from 40 to 70 % RH. At higher RH above 70%, the difference was between 2 - 4%. There was no change in the shape of the briquettes at all levels of RH. This was due to higher density of briquettes. This study showed during period of high humidity, the storage of briquettes will not create any problem and will be safer as compared to their feedstock.

scholarly journals Simulation analysis and optimization research on cooling and dehumidifying effects for evaporator

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
Shuailing Liu ◽  
Guoyuan Ma ◽  
Shuxue Xu ◽  
Fuping Li ◽  
Chenzhe Hang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Evaporation Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
The Difference

The improvement performance of refrigerating dehumidification system was theoretically discusses based on a dehumidification model. The influence of evaporator inlet wind speed, dry bulb temperature and relative humidity on dehumidification were analysed by the model. The results show that, when inlet air temperature and humidity were kept constant, the dehumidification capacity increased first and then decreased with increase of the wind speed; When the moisture content and the wind speed of the inlet air were kept constant, the dehumidification capacity gradually decreased with increase of the inlet air dry bulb temperature; The inlet air dry bulb temperature was between 21-36 ?C and the relative humidity was between 40% and 85%, the difference between the inlet air wet bulb temperature and the evaporation temperature at the optimum COP was about 10 ?C; There was a nearly linear relationship between the corresponding evaporation temperature at the optimal COP and the evaporation temperature with the maximum dehumidification capacity, compared with the test value, the error was less than 10%.

scholarly journals Drying of Sisal Fiber: A Numerical Analysis by Finite-Volumes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2514
Author(s):  
Jacqueline F. B. Diniz ◽  
João M. P. Q. Delgado ◽  
Anderson F. Vilela ◽  
Ricardo S. Gomez ◽  
Arianne D. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Moisture Removal ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Porous Bed ◽  
Bed Porosity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sisal Fibers ◽  
Drying Conditions

Vegetable fibers have inspired studies in academia and industry, because of their good characteristics appropriated for many technological applications. Sisal fibers (Agave sisalana variety), when extracted from the leaf, are wet and must be dried to reduce moisture content, minimizing deterioration and degradation for long time. The control of the drying process plays an important role to guarantee maximum quality of the fibers related to mechanical strength and color. In this sense, this research aims to evaluate the drying of sisal fibers in an oven with mechanical air circulation. For this purpose, a transient and 3D mathematical model has been developed to predict moisture removal and heating of a fiber porous bed, and drying experiments were carried out at different drying conditions. The advanced model considers bed porosity, fiber and bed moisture, simultaneous heat and mass transfer, and heat transport due to conduction, convection and evaporation. Simulated drying and heating curves and the hygroscopic equilibrium moisture content of the sisal fibers are presented and compared with the experimental data, and good concordance was obtained. Results of moisture content and temperature distribution within the fiber porous bed are presented and discussed in details. It was observed that the moisture removal and temperature kinetics of the sisal fibers were affected by the temperature and relative humidity of the drying air, being more accentuated at higher temperature and lower relative humidity, and the drying process occurred in a falling rate period.

Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Grigoryev ◽  
V. A. Pavlyushina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Industrial

The phenomenon of economic growth is studied by economists and statisticians in various aspects for a long time. Economic theory is devoted to assessing factors of growth in the tradition of R. Solow, R. Barrow, W. Easterly and others. During the last quarter of the century, however, the institutionalists, namely D. North, D. Wallis, B. Weingast as well as D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, have shown the complexity of the problem of development on the part of socioeconomic and political institutions. As a result, solving the problem of how economic growth affects inequality between countries has proved extremely difficult. The modern world is very diverse in terms of development level, and the article offers a new approach to the formation of the idea of stylized facts using cluster analysis. The existing statistics allows to estimate on a unified basis the level of GDP production by 174 countries of the world for 1992—2016. The article presents a structured picture of the world: the distribution of countries in seven clusters, different in levels of development. During the period under review, there was a strong per capita GDP growth in PPP in the middle of the distribution, poverty in various countries declined markedly. At the same time, in 1992—2016, the difference increased not only between rich and poor groups of countries, but also between clusters.

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

Psychology: Volume 5

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Five of this survey, Explorations into Psyche and Psychology: Some Emerging Perspectives, examines the future of psychology in India. For a very long time, intellectual investments in understanding mental life have led to varied formulations about mind and its functions across the word. However, a critical reflection of the state of the disciplinary affairs indicates the dominance of Euro-American theories and methods, which offer an understanding coloured by a Western world view, which fails to do justice with many non-Western cultural settings. The chapters in this volume expand the scope of psychology to encompass indigenous knowledge available in the Indian tradition and invite engaging with emancipatory concerns as well as broadening the disciplinary base. The contributors situate the difference between the Eastern and Western conceptions of the mind in the practice of psychology. They look at this discipline as shaped by and shaping between systems like yoga. They also analyse animal behaviour through the lens of psychology and bring out insights about evolution of individual and social behaviour. This volume offers critique the contemporary psychological practices in India and offers a new perspective called ‘public psychology’ to construe and analyse the relationship between psychologists and their objects of study. Finally, some paradigmatic, pedagogical, and substantive issues are highlighted to restructure the practice of psychology in the Indian setting.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fracture Resistance in Thermal and Self-Curing Acrylic Resins—An In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
António Sérgio Silva ◽  
Aurora Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Barreiros ◽  
Juliana de Sá ◽  
Carlos Aroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Thermosetting Resins ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
The Difference

Thermal and self-curing acrylic resins are frequently and versatilely used in dental medicine since they are biocompatible, have no flavor or odor, have satisfactory thermal qualities and polishing capacity, and are easy and fast. Thus, given their widespread use, their fracture resistance behavior is especially important. In this research work, we comparatively analyzed the fracture resistance capacity of thermo and self-curing acrylic resins in vitro. Materials and Methods: Five prosthesis bases were created for each of the following acrylic resins: Lucitone®, ProBase®, and Megacryl®, which were submitted to different forces through the use of the CS® Dental Testing Machine, usually mobilized in the context of fatigue tests. To this end, a point was defined in the center of the anterior edge of the aforementioned acrylic resin bases, for which the peak tended until a fracture occurred. Thermosetting resins were, on average, more resistant to fracture than self-curable resins, although the difference was not statistically significant. The thermosetting resins of the Lucitone® and Probase® brands demonstrated behavior that was more resistant to fracture than the self-curing homologues, although the difference was not statistically significant. Thermosetting resins tended to be, on average, more resistant to fracture and exhibited the maximum values for impact strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, hardness, and dimensional accuracy than self-curing resins, regardless of brand.

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