scholarly journals Magnitude of physiological curvatures of the spine and the incidence of contractures of selected muscle groups in students

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Olszewska ◽  
Piotr Tabor ◽  
Renata Czarniecka
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Individual

Summary Study aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of contractures of selected muscle groups with respect to the magnitude of the physiological curvatures of the spine in young men with above-average levels of physical activity.Material and methods: The study included 96 students at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw aged between 20 and 22 years (21.2 ± 1.05). Ninety-five percent of the students participated in sports training activities. The study was conducted between January and February 2016. The selected traits of the body posture were evaluated with an inclinometer, which was used to measure the inclination angles of sections of the spine relative to the vertical. The ranges of motion in the shoulder complex and the pelvic complex were measured with a goniometer. Values of 175º (for the shoulder complex) and 174° (for the hip joint) were assumed to indicate a decreased range of motion.Results: The analysis of the individual results concerning mobility disorders in the shoulder complex and the pelvic complex revealed significant abnormalities in the researched group of students. About 90% of the study participants showed contrac­tures of selected muscle groups within the shoulder girdle, primarily in the right upper limb. Similar results were obtained for the incidence of contractures in the flexors of the hip joint. Flexion contractures in the hip joint were observed in around 84% of the participants, primarily in the left lower limb. The correlations between the inclination angles of the sections of the spine relative to the vertical and the ranges of motion in the shoulder complex and the pelvic complex, established using Pearson correlation coefficients, were ambiguous. The angles γ, β1 and α were inversely proportional to the range of raising motions of the upper limbs through flexion, where the correlation coefficients of all angles were statistically significant. Similar tendencies were observed for the correlations between the angles β2, β1 and α and the range of the extension movements at the hip joint, although the correlation coefficients were statistically significant only in the case of the angle β1.Conclusions: Ranges of movement in the shoulder complex and pelvic complex have an influence on magnitude of physiologi­cal curvatures of the spine and the functioning of body posture.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF NEURAC THERAPY ON PLANTAR PRESSURES DISTRIBUTION AND THE CENTER OF GRAVITY OF THE HUMAN BODY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Monika Michalíková ◽  
Lucia Bednarčíková ◽  
Bibiána Ondrejová ◽  
Miroslava Barcalová ◽  
Jozef Živčák
Keyword(s):  
Movement Therapy ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pelvic Position ◽  
And Control

Nowadays, the pathophysiological posture is a problem for a large part of the population, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of life as a result of functional disorders of the human musculoskeletal system. The aim of the presented article is to point out the effectiveness of movement therapy for the correction of the pelvic position and subsequent adjustment of the body posture, which is evaluated by a change in the distribution of plantar pressures as well as the position of the center of gravity projection. Observations were made on three subjects who reported pain in different areas of the body as a result of incorrect body posture. Input and control measurements were performed on a baropodometer, and Neurac movement therapy in the Redcord system was applied between the individual measurements. The individual exercises were chosen specifically with regard to affect the specific muscle groups. After evaluating the measured data, it can be stated that the selected movement therapy has a significant effect on the correction of pathophysiological position, which is also demonstrated by changing the distribution of plantar pressures, adjusting the position of the center of gravity projection and also significantly eliminating painful symptoms and increasing movement comfort.

Deviant Treatment of the Body as a Mortuary Ritual

2020 ◽  
pp. 347-360
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Prone Position ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Mortuary Ritual ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

This chapter examines the social meaning of deviant mortuary practices from an osteoarchaeological perspective using skeletal remains from the Middle Jomon Period (ca. 3500–2500 cal BC) found at the Kusakari shell mound. The analyses focus on attributes associated with mortuary body treatments: 1) arrangements of remains, 2) body posture and direction, and 3) the location of burials within the cemetery. Although the usual body postures were dorsal during the period, one individual was laid in a prone position with an unusual body direction compared with other burials. The skeletal arrangement also revealed that the individual had been disarticulated early in the postmortem decay process; however, the remains were located within the usual cemetery area. Based on these results and the extraordinary amount of varied faunal remains in the vicinity, the deviant mortuary treatments appeared to arise from a specific social persona rather than an unusual context of death, such as drowning, suicide, warfare, or other cause.

scholarly journals Computer-Aided System Application Value for Assessing Hip Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoxian Jiang ◽  
Guangyao Yang ◽  
Yuan Liang ◽  
Qin Shi ◽  
Boqi Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Computer Aided Detection ◽  
Sharp Angle ◽  
Center Edge ◽  
Computer Aided

PurposeA computer-aided system was used to semiautomatically measure Tönnis angle, Sharp angle, and center-edge (CE) angle using contours of the hip bones to establish an auxiliary measurement model for developmental screening or diagnosis of hip joint disorders.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed bilateral hip x-rays for 124 patients (41 men and 83 women aged 20–70 years) who presented at the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University in 2017 and 2018. All images were imported into a computer-aided detection system. After manually outlining hip bone contours, Tönnis angle, Sharp angle, and CE angle marker lines were automatically extracted, and the angles were measured and recorded. An imaging physician also manually measured all angles and recorded hip development, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to compare computer-aided system measurements with imaging physician measurements. Accuracy for different angles was calculated, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to represent the diagnostic efficiency of the computer-aided system.ResultsFor Tönnis angle, Sharp angle, and CE angle, correlation coefficients were 0.902, 0.887, and 0.902, respectively; the accuracies of the computer-aided detection system were 89.1, 93.1, and 82.3%; and the AUROC curve values were 0.940, 0.956, and 0.948.ConclusionThe measurements of Tönnis angle, Sharp angle, and CE angle using the semiautomatic system were highly correlated with the measurements of the imaging physician and can be used to assess hip joint development with high accuracy and diagnostic efficiency.

scholarly journals Relationships between conformation traits and longevity of Holstein cows in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vacek ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
E. Němcová ◽  
J. Bouška
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
The Ideal

The relationships between conformation traits and longevity traits were analyzed in 41 489 Holstein cows born in the years 1994&ndash;1999 which were culled by 30<sup>th</sup> June 2005. Pearson correlation coefficients between type traits and the herd life or productive life of cows were calculated. The effects of type trait scoring level on the length of productive life were described by means of analyses of variance. The observed correlations between herd life or productive life and type traits are in the range of &ndash;0.061 to 0.160. Negative correlations were found for rump angle, rear leg set, udder depth, and teat length. Most of the body traits had slightly positive relationships to herd life, indicating that larger cows live longer. However, body depth and chest width did not have a linear relation to longevity traits. The longest productive life was found in cows undersized in chest width and body depth (P &lt; 0.01). A similar dependence was also found for rump width (P &lt; 0.01). The ideal rear leg set for longevity was scored as average or below average, i.e. moderately curved or slightly straight legs (P &lt; 0.05). Cows with well-attached fore udder, high attached rear udder, strong central ligament, close front teat placement, and with moderately long teats showed the longest functional productive life (P &lt; 0.05&ndash;0.001). Linear relationships between longevity traits and general conformation characteristics were found as well. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Vergleich von vier Merkmalen innerhalb der 50-Punkte-Exterieurbeurteilung mit den erfassten Körpermaßen bei Holstein-Friesian Kühen

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
J. Püski ◽  
S. Bozó ◽  
I. Györkös ◽  
A. Gáspárdy ◽  
E. Szücs
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Measurement ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Large Animals

Abstract. Title of the paper: Comparison of the conformation scoring and the body measurement based on four linear traits of Holstein Friesian cows The goal was evaluate the similarity of the body scoring System and the body measurement kept generally for the best objective method. The target-traits (withers height, body depth, rump width at the gluteal tuberosity and body capacity) of Holstein Friesian heifers were taken down. Three-three groups (−extreme, medium, +extreme) based on the Standard deviation of the body measurements were created and compared in each traits, as well as phenotypic relationships (regression and correlation) were calculated. Taking the relationships into consideration it appeared that the body measurements do not stand in such a close connection with each other than it is suggested by the scoring. The pair-wise correlation coefficients between the values of the same traits taken down by scoring and measuring Systems can by seen as low figures (r = 0.71, 0.50, 0.43 and 0.59, respectively) since we have the same traits. The partial correlation coefficients are even more less than the pair-wise correlation coefficients, and statistically confirmed only by the height at wither. Except the height at wither, there were no demonstrable connections in the regression of the same traits, just then, exclusively the true height at wither influenced the classifier during the scoring of all the traits. The differences between the type groups were smaller in each traits estimated by scoring. From the analysis of the type groups it is obvious that the similarity of the two methods is the biggest in the height at wither. In the case of body depth, rump width and body capacity the classifier can distinguish only the "very little" and "very large" animals from the judged population while the intermediate types remained unrecognised. The average value of the individual identity between the two typing method was around 35%.

scholarly journals Patterns of lower limb muscular activity and joint moments during directional efforts using a static dynamometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lalumiere ◽  
Cloé Villeneuve ◽  
Cassandra Bellavance ◽  
Michel Goyette ◽  
Daniel Bourbonnais
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Muscle Groups

Abstract Background Strength and coordination of lower muscle groups typically identified in healthy subjects are two prerequisites to performing functional activities. These physical qualities can be impaired following a neurological insult. A static dynamometer apparatus that measures lower limb joint moments during directional efforts at the foot was developed to recruit different patterns of muscular activity. The objectives of the present study were to 1) validate joint moments estimated by the apparatus, and 2) to characterize lower limb joint moments and muscular activity patterns of healthy subjects during progressive static efforts. Subjects were seated in a semi-reclined position with one foot attached to a force platform interfaced with a laboratory computer. Forces and moments exerted under the foot were computed using inverse dynamics, allowing for the estimation of lower limb joint moments. To achieve the study’s first objective, joint moments were validated by comparing moments of various magnitudes of force applied by turnbuckles on an instrumented leg equipped with strain gauges with those estimated by the apparatus. Concurrent validity and agreement were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland and Altman analysis, respectively. For the second objective, joint moments and muscular activity were characterized for five healthy subjects while exerting progressive effort in eight sagittal directions. Lower limb joint moments were estimated during directional efforts using inverse dynamics. Muscular activity of eight muscles of the lower limb was recorded using surface electrodes and further analyzed using normalized root mean square data. Results The joint moments estimated with the instrumented leg were correlated (r > 0.999) with those measured by the dynamometer. Limits of agreement ranged between 8.5 and 19.2% of the average joint moment calculated by both devices. During progressive efforts on the apparatus, joint moments and patterns of muscular activity were specific to the direction of effort. Patterns of muscular activity in four directions were similar to activation patterns reported in the literature for specific portions of gait cycle. Conclusion This apparatus provides valid joint moments exerted at the lower limbs. It is suggested that this methodology be used to recruit muscular activity patterns impaired in neurological populations.

The Use of Rubrics in the Clinical Evaluation of Podiatric Medical Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Kevin M Smith ◽  
Simon Geletta ◽  
Austin McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grade Point Averages ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Education Literature ◽  
Students First ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Background: We assessed the differences in podiatric medical students' clinical professionalism objective scores (CPOSs) by comparing a previous nonrubric evaluation tool with a more recently implemented objective-centered rubric evaluation tool. This type of study has never been performed or reported on in the podiatric medical education literature.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 89 third-year podiatric medical students between academic years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to compare CPOSs from the students' first (CPOS1) and second (CPOS2) rotations. A correlation analysis was performed comparing students' grade point averages (GPAs) with each of the individual CPOSs to verify the validity of the rubric evaluation tool.Results: The Pearson correlation coefficients for the relationship between 2012 CPOS1 and CPOS2 and GPA were r = 0.233 (P ≤ .093) and r = 0.290 (P &lt; .035) and for the relationship between 2013 CPOS1 and CPOS2 and GPA were r = 0.525 (P = .001) and r = 0.730 (P &lt; .001).Conclusions: These findings suggest that the use of a rubric in the evaluation of podiatric medical students' CPOSs is correlated with their GPAs, and CPOS2 demonstrated a higher correlation than CPOS1. We believe that implementation of the rubric evaluation tool has increased the accuracy of the evaluation of podiatric medical students with respect to CPOSs.

scholarly journals Three - dimensional ultrasound evaluation of tongue volume

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Barbič ◽  
Ivan Verdenik ◽  
Maja Marolt Mušič ◽  
Nataša Ihan Hren
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Male Group ◽  
Tongue Volume

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to find a three - dimensional (3D) ultrasound technique for tongue volume estimation, to compare male and female groups and to find the correlation between tongue volume and body characteristics.Methods: 3D ultrasound was performed within a group of 14 men and a group of 18 women with norm-occlusion. The collected data were analysed by annexed software and the tongue volume was estimated. The repeatability as well as intra- and inter-rater agreement was determined by calculating intra-class correlation coefficient. The Student t-test was used to determine if there were significant differences in tongue volume and body characteristics between the male and the female groups. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between tongue volume and body characteristics.Results: The 3D ultrasound estimation of tongue volume was highly repeatable in terms of good intraclass correlation coefficients of repeatability (ICC: 0,997) as well as intra- and inter-rater reliabilities (ICC: 0,998 and 0,993 respectively). The male group were significantly taller, heavier and with higher BMI than the female group, and had significantly larger tongue volumes (mean of 89.2 cm3 in males vs. 67.2 cm3 in females). Only the body weights and BMIs in the male group correlated with the tongue volume.Conclusion: This study did demonstrate a valid and reproducible 3D ultrasound technique for tongue volume assessment.

Which Muscles Power the Human Running Stride?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim W. Dorn ◽  
Yi-Chung Lin ◽  
Anthony G. Schache ◽  
Marcus G. Pandy
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
External Power ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human Running

Running is a physically demanding activity that requires explosive delivery of muscle power to the ground during stance, and precise, yet rapid limb coordination during swing. In particular, as running speed increases, greater metabolic energy in the form of muscle mechanical work is required to power the motion of: i) the center-of-mass (i.e., external power); and ii) the individual limb segments (i.e., internal power) [1,2]. The purpose of this study was to quantify the contributions that individual muscles make to the external and internal power of the body across a range of running speeds so as to identify the key muscle groups in coordinating a full running stride.

Developmental biodynamics: the development of coordination in children

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Watkins
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Developmental Biomechanics ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Relationship

Human movement is brought about by the musculoskeletal system under the control of the nervous system. By coordinated activity between the various muscle groups, forces generated by the muscles are transmitted by the bones and joints to enable the individual to maintain an upright or partially upright posture and bring about voluntary controlled movements. Biomechanics of human movement is the study of the relationship between the external forces (due to body weight and physical contact with the external environment) and internal forces (active forces generated by muscles and passive forces exerted on other structures) that act on the body and the eff ect of these forces on the movement of the body. This chapter specifically addresses developmental biomechanics as it relates to the development of coordination in children.

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