scholarly journals Application of the Nonparametric DEA Meta-frontier Approach with Undesirable Outputs in the Case of EU Regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Hančlová ◽  
Lukáš Melecký
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Technology Gaps ◽  
Directional Output Distance Function ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background: The paper focusses on the efficiency evaluation of the EU-28 NUTS 2 regions production process according to the concept of the Regional Competitiveness Index 2013. Objectives: Production units are divided into four groups using the factors of regional competitiveness. Production technology also enables reduction of the undesirable outputs (a negative impact on health and long-term unemployment). Based on the analysis of distance of the production units from the efficiency frontiers, a directional output distance function assuming a constant return to scale is used. This approach thus respects the heterogeneity among the groups of regions. Methods/Approach: The nonparametric meta-frontier Data Envelopment Analysis approach was used in two steps. Firstly, the efficiency evaluation within each group of regions is provided and in the second step the meta-frontier is set down. For the measurement of the gap between the group-frontier and the meta-frontier, the technology gap ratios are provided. The paper also analyses environmental inefficiencies. Results: The obtained results indicate that a significant improvement of meta-technology ratio holds within the European context. Conclusions: The combination of empirical findings, with respect to technology gaps and environmental technology gaps, supports the evidence that traditional differences of technological frontiers formation are more significant in comparison to group frontiers constitution.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Efficiency of Dairy Farms by Using the Method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

2010 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Tímea Gál ◽  
Gábor Grasselli ◽  
István Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Health Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products ◽  
The Eu

In Hungary the dairy sector is in a long-term critical period, the stock has been in constant decline. The consumption of milk and dairy products in Hungary is slightly rising compared to the world tendency, and it is fallen behind the level in 1990. The milk consumption per capita in 2006 was with 75 liters less than the EU-15 average. Dairy enterprise is a very risky activity: the profitability of the enterprise is affected by the fluctuation of feed and animal health products prices from the side of inputs, and by the fluctuation of end-product prices. Under these circumstances it is vital for thecattle breeders, in order to survive, to harness the reserves in the breeding as effectively as possible. In our research we made a multi-faceted efficiency analysis of an agricultural holding’s three dairy farms. The chosen method for the analysis was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Theselection of the method is justified by the fact that there is not such a reliable database by which we could define production functions, and that DEA makes possible to manage several inputs and outputs, i.e. multiple decision problems, simultaneously. By using DEA the sources that causes shortfalls can be identified, analyzed and quantified on farms that does not operate efficiently, thus it can help the corporate decision support successfully. In the model inputs are the cost data per one liter milk – feed, medicinal product use, logistic costs -, and the main parametersconcerning the keeping and rearing. Outputs are indicators concerning milk production, milk quality and others. We prepared the model in MS Excel, the linear programming model series were programmed by Visual Basic. After solving the model, in light of the shadow prices we can determine why either of the farms is not efficient.

Contemporary German-French relations in political-military sphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-313
Author(s):  
Philipp Trunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Eu

Since the era of Cold War the dialogue with France has been too important for FRG in its efforts to strengthen its influence both in the Euro-Atlantic community and in the world. That is why the article has the goal to explore the relations between these two European powers in the security sphere from the second half of the 2010 s until the beginning of the 2020 s. The paper tries to determine the degree of institutionalization of interstate relations and the role of bilateral negotiating platforms in the creating of common position on international problems. It is also important to show the dynamics of negotiating process on the highest level. The author also examines the key articles of the Aachen Treaty (2019). In this regard the paper analyses early efforts of Emmanuel Macron to confirm French leadership in bilateral tandem. The article considers the features of German-French tactics to minimize negative impact of Brexit on the EU. Another aspect is the tandem actions aimed at weakening of negative effects of the steps of Trump`s administration over the system of international security. In this regard it`s important to show German-French contribution in the development of PESCO and also to analyse what problems and perspectives two powers may face on their way to the creation of common European army. Another interesting aspect is the features of common approach to the resolution of the armed conflicts in Ukraine and Syria, keeping JCPOA. The article also covers the «bottlenecks» and features of German diplomatic and military assistance to France in Mali. The situation shows the growing mutual interest for the deepening of cooperation in the Sahel G5 (also Burkina-Faso, Mauretania, Niger, Tchad). The author concludes about the prospects of German leadership in the tandem and its importance for both powers in the long-term.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE INTEGRATION ASSOCIATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Oksana DESYATNYUK ◽  
Vasyl VOITSESHYN
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Full Member ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. The development of the economy of Ukraine is directly determined by the value of the export of products, in particular, in the long-term perspective, that is, in the future, which is expressed in the export potential, which allows us to assess the level of the economic power of the state and the ability to furtherits development. The deepening of the economic integration of Ukraine, expressed in its participation in the integration associations, when Ukraine has recently become a full member of the European Union (EU) , actualizes the issue ofthe development ofits exportpotential, afterall, the Ukraine's membership in the EU obliges it to implement its norms into the national economy, including the trade (as certifies by the participation of Ukraine in the World Trade Organization (WTO), which directly affects on its export. Purpose. This research sets up an assessment ofthe impact ofthe membership of Ukraine in the WTO and the EU, in part ofits contractual commitments on its exportpotential. Methods. In this research we used a cross-correlation and a correlation-regression analysis. Results. In the course of this research we found that the effect ofthe membership of Ukraine in the WTO and the EU on the export potential is controversial, because with the expansion of the partnership and the sales markets ofthe products and the strengthening ofits competitiveness, a crisis has emerged in the Ukrainian economy generated by a regional integration, which has had a negative impact on the export potential of Ukraine. Conclusion. This research proposes following conclusions and recommendations for improving the impact ofintegration associations on the development of the export potential of Ukraine: • the search forsolutions to the military-political crisis in Ukraine; • trade liberalization in the context ofthe gradual abolition of export duties on goods with the addition ofa new schedule ofremovating ofthe export duties.

Study on the Development of Environmental Industry in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 2076-2079
Author(s):  
Ping Ping Zheng ◽  
Jing Zhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Investment And Financing ◽  
Environmental Industry ◽  
Innovation Mechanism ◽  
D Investment ◽  
The Eu

Environmental industry has become one of the world's hottest sunrise industry and there is a big necessity for China to import leading environmental technology from the EU to develop environmental industry and build Sustainable economic development.However,problems such as unsatisfying environmental policy implementation,not advanced environmental technology R&D investment and financing system,lacking of long-term strategic planning and not perfect innovation mechanism and talent management and so on,greatly reduce the efficiency of putting the technology introduced into use and developing the environmental industry.In order to solve that,government have to strengthen the environmental supervision,formulate appropriate R&D investment and financing policy,enact enterprise long-term strategic planning and also improve the personnel management.

scholarly journals Cost Efficiency Evaluation Based on a Data Envelopment Analysis Approach by Considering Undesirable Outputs on the Basis of the Semi-Disposability Assumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Mehdi Karami Khorramabadi ◽  
Majid Yarahmadi ◽  
Mojtaba Ghiyasi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

It is considerably important to calculate the cost efficiency in data envelopment analysis for the efficiency evaluation of decision-making units. The present paper develops the classical cost efficiency model in which all the input prices are constant and certain for each decision-making unit, considering undesirable outputs under the semi-disposability assumption. The proposed models are interval and uncertain under the constant returns to scale and also variable returns to scale assumptions, for the easy solution of which, their lower and upper bounds are obtained on the basis of the theorem presented in the text. In order to simulate the proposed models and show their scientific capabilities, additionally, 56 electricity producing thermal power plants in Iran were studied in 2015. Results of the present study show that under both assumptions of constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale, the highest cost efficiency bounds belonged to the combined and steam cycle power plants. Moreover, the average of lower and upper cost efficiency bounds of the power plants under study were 34% and 35%, respectively, in 2015, under the constant returns to scale assumption, and 52% and 54%, respectively, under the variable returns to scale assumption.

Sanctions of the USA and the Policy of Bank of Russia:double Blow to the National Economy

2014 ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glazyev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
The Us ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Simultaneous Adoption ◽  
The Eu

This article examines fundamental questions of monetary policy in the context of challenges to the national security of Russia in connection with the imposition of economic sanctions by the US and the EU. It is proved that the policy of the Russian monetary authorities, particularly the Central Bank, artificially limiting the money supply in the domestic market and pandering to the export of capital, compounds the effects of economic sanctions and plunges the economy into depression. The article presents practical advice on the transition from external to domestic sources of long-term credit with the simultaneous adoption of measures to prevent capital flight.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

Challenges, Concerns, and Perspectives for Poland's Energy Transition during Global COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lorkowski ◽  
Robert Jeszke
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu ◽  
At Home

The whole world is currently struggling with one of the most disastrous pandemics to hit in modern times – Covid-19. Individual national governments, the WHO and worldwide media organisations are appealing for humanity to universally stay at home, to limit contact and to stay safe in the ongoing fight against this unseen threat. Economists are concerned about the devastating effect this will have on the markets and possible outcomes. One of the countries suffering from potential destruction of this situation is Poland. In this article we will explain how difficult internal energy transformation is, considering the long-term crisis associated with the extraction and usage of coal, the European Green Deal and current discussion on increasing the EU 2030 climate ambitions. In the face of an ongoing pandemic, the situation becomes even more challenging with each passing day.

Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.

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