scholarly journals Characterization of ABS specimens produced via the 3D printing technology for drone structural components

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Giovanni Ferro ◽  
Salvatore Brischetto ◽  
Roberto Torre ◽  
Paolo Maggiore
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Aerial Systems

AbstractThe Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology is widely used in rapid prototyping. 3D printers for home desktop applications are usually employed to make non-structural objects. When the mechanical stresses are not excessive, this technology can also be successfully employed to produce structural objects, not only in prototyping stage but also in the realization of series pieces. The innovative idea of the present work is the application of this technology, implemented in a desktop 3D printer, to the realization of components for aeronautical use, especially for unmanned aerial systems. For this purpose, the paper is devoted to the statistical study of the performance of a desktop 3D printer to understand how the process performs and which are the boundary limits of acceptance. Mechanical and geometrical properties of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) specimens, such as tensile strength and stiffness, have been evaluated. ASTM638 type specimens have been used. A capability analysis has been applied for both mechanical and dimensional performances. Statistically stable limits have been determined using experimentally collected data.

Performance of Low-Cost 3D Printer in Medical Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aiman Sukindar ◽  
Azib Azhari Awang Dahan ◽  
Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin ◽  
Nor Farah Huda Abd Halim
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Porosity Level ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Parameters

Abstract Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that produces a physical object directly from a CAD design using layer-by-layer deposition of the filament material that is extruded via a nozzle. In industry, FDM has become one of the most used AM processes for the production of low batch quantity and functional prototypes, due to its safety, efficiency, reliability, low cost, and ability to process manufacturing-grade engineering thermoplastic. Recently, the market is flooded with the availability of low-cost printers produced by numerous companies. This research aims to investigate the effect of different porosity levels on a scaffold structure produced using a low-cost 3D printer. Comparisons of these porous structures were made in terms of Von-Mises strain, total deformation, as well as compressive stress. Various porosity levels were created by varying printing parameters, including layer height, infill density, and shell thickness by slicing the initial solid CAD file using Repetier Host 3D printing software. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation was then performed on the created scaffold structures by using Ansys Workbench 19.2. The simulation result indicates that the greater porosity level will result in higher total deformation of the structure. Meanwhile, the compression test shows that the minimum strength value obtained was favourable at 22 MPa and had exceeded that of the trabecular femur (15 MPa). However, its porosity level (maximum at 52%) was still below that of the minimum threshold of porosity level of 70 percent. However, the printing parameters currently used can be adjusted in the future. Therefore, it was deduced that the low-cost 3D printer offers promising potential to fabricate different porosity structures with multiple outcomes.

Printing with mechanically interlocked extrudates using a custom bi-extruder for fused deposition modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abu Hasan Khondoker ◽  
Asad Asad ◽  
Dan Sameoto
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immiscible Polymers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Functionally Gradient ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Purpose This paper aims to target to print functionally gradient materials (FGM) devices made of immiscible polymers in multi-material fused deposition modelling (FDM) systems. The design is intended to improve adhesion of dissimilar thermoplastics without the need for chemical compatibilization so that filaments from many different sources can be used effectively. Therefore, there is a need to invent an alternative solution for printing multiple immiscible polymers in an FDM system with the desired adhesion. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors have developed a bi-extruder for FDM systems which can print two thermoplastics through a single nozzle with a static intermixer to enhance bonding between input materials. The system can also change the composition of extrudates continuously. Findings The uniqueness of this extruder is in its easy access to the internal channel so that a static intermixer can be inserted, enabling deposition of mechanically interlocked extrudates composed of two immiscible polymers. Without this intermixer, the bi-extruder extrudes with simple side-by-side co-extrusion having no mechanical interlocking. The bi-extruder was characterized by printing objects using pairs of materials including polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and high impact polystyrene. Microscope images of the cross-sections of the extrudates confirm the ability of this bi-extruder to control the composition as desired. It was also found that the mechanically interlocked extrudates composed of two immiscible polymers substantially reduces adhesion failures within and between filaments. Originality/value In this study, the first-ever FDM extruder with a mechanical blending feature next to the nozzle has been designed and used to successfully print FGM objects with improved mechanical properties.

scholarly journals The Influence of Manufacturing Parameters on the Mechanical Behaviour of PLA and ABS Pieces Manufactured by FDM: A Comparative Analysis

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Rodríguez-Panes ◽  
Juan Claver ◽  
Ana Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Layer Orientation ◽  
Lower Variability

This paper presents a comparative study of the tensile mechanical behaviour of pieces produced using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing technique with respect to the two types of thermoplastic material most widely used in this technique: polylactide (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The aim of this study is to compare the effect of layer height, infill density, and layer orientation on the mechanical performance of PLA and ABS test specimens. The variables under study here are tensile yield stress, tensile strength, nominal strain at break, and modulus of elasticity. The results obtained with ABS show a lower variability than those obtained with PLA. In general, the infill percentage is the manufacturing parameter of greatest influence on the results, although the effect is more noticeable in PLA than in ABS. The test specimens manufactured using PLA perform more rigidly and they are found to have greater tensile strength than ABS. The bond between layers in PLA turns out to be extremely strong and is, therefore, highly suitable for use in additive technologies. The methodology proposed is a reference of interest in studies involving the determination of mechanical properties of polymer materials manufactured using these technologies.

Localised Pre-Heating to Improve Inter-Layer Delamination Strength in Fused Deposition Modelling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Aitchison ◽  
Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Air Temperatures

Abstract Additive manufacture, specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), is an advancing manufacture method opening up new possibilities in design previously impossible to machine, in a relatively affordable way. However, its use in functional products is limited due to anisotropic strength and reduced strength from injection molded components. This paper aims to increase the tensile strength of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) in the weakest direction (Z axis), where poor interlayer fusion and air gaps between extruded trails reduce strength. Extra thermal energy was applied to the top surface layer during the printing process (through hot air) to encourage more polymer chain diffusion across the boundary, and spreading out to fill air gaps. Multiple tensile test samples were printed at a variety of heat levels. The ultimate tensile strength σuts was plotted against these temperatures and a weak positive correlation was found. However, only air temperatures above 81°C increased strength past the control to a maximum of 1.4MPa. Heat application has proven to increase tensile strength, but needs to be applied with a more precise method, to the boundary interface, to allow greater thermal energy transfer without sacrificing print quality.

scholarly journals Tensile Mechanical Behaviour of Multi-Polymer Sandwich Structures via Fused Deposition Modelling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moises Baca Lopez ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Homogeneous Materials ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
High Level

The application of single homogeneous materials produced through the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology restricts the production of high-level multi-material components. The fabrication of a sandwich-structured specimen with different material combinations using conventional thermoplastics such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) through the filament-based extrusion process can demonstrate an improvement on its properties. This paper aims to assess among these materials, the best material sandwich-structured arrangement design, to enhance the mechanical properties of a part and to compare the results with the homogeneous materials selected. The samples were subjected to tensile testing to identify the tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus of each material combination. The experimental results demonstrate that applying the PLA-ABS-PLA sandwich arrangement leads to the best mechanical properties between these materials. This study enables users to consider sandwich structure designs as an alternative to manufacturing multi-material components using conventional and low-cost materials. Future work will consider the flexural tests to identify the maximum stresses and bending forces under pressure.

Investigations for partial denture casting by fused deposition modelling-assisted chemical vapour smoothing

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-754
Author(s):  
Gurpartap Singh ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
S.S. Bal
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
View Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Set Up

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate dimensional accuracy (Δd), surface roughness (Ra) and micro hardness (HV) of partial dentures (PD) prepared with synergic combination of fused deposition modelling (FDM) assisted chemical vapour smoothing (CVS) patterns and conventional dental casting (DC) from multi-factor optimization view point. Design/methodology/approach The master pattern for PD was prepared with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic on FDM set-up (one of the low cost additive manufacturing process) followed by CVS process. The final PD as functional prototypes was casted with nickel–chromium-based (Ni-Cr) alloy by varying Ni% (Z). The other input parameters were powder to water ratio P/W (X) and pH value (Y) of water used. Findings The results of this study suggest that for controlling the Δd and Ra of the PD, most important factor is X, followed by Z. For hardness of PD, the most important factor is Z. But from overall optimization viewpoint, the best settings are X-100/12, Y-10 and Z-61% (in Ni-Cr alloy). Further, based upon X-bar chart (for HV), the FDM-assisted DC process used for preparation of PD is statistically controlled. Originality/value This study highlights that PD prepared with X-100/12, Y-10 and Z-61% gives overall better results from multi-factor optimization view point. Finally, X-bar chart has been plotted to understand the statistical nature of the synergic combination of FDM, CVS and DC.

scholarly journals Tribology behaviour investigation of 3D printed polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Márk Kovács ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference

3D printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) were used to prepare specimens utilising fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Two colours of PLA filament were printed; white and grey, whereas ABS only in white colour. Determining the tribological properties of 3D printed samples have been carried out, through obtaining the frictional features of different 3D printable filaments. Alternating-motion system employed for measuring the tribological factors. Studying the difference between static and dynamic friction factors and the examination of wear values were included. A comparison among the tribological behaviour of the 3D printed polymers has been investigated. The printed white ABS and PLA specimens show insignificant differences in the results tendency. On the contrary, the grey PLA exhibits a considerable variation due to the incredible growth in the coefficient of friction and wear average as well.

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