scholarly journals Molecular machines – a new dimension of biological sciences

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Głogocka ◽  
Magdalena Przybyło ◽  
Marek Langner
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Molecular Machines ◽  
Molecular Devices ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Controlled Flow ◽  
Information Energy

AbstractBiological systems are characterized by directional and precisely controlled flow of matter and information along with the maintenance of their structural patterns. This is possible thanks to sequential transformations of information, energy and structure carried out by molecular machines. The new perception of biological systems, including their mechanical aspects, requires the implementation of tools and approaches previously developed for engineering sciences. In this review paper, a biological system is presented in a new perspective as an ensemble of coordinated molecular devices functioning in the limited space confined by the biological membrane. The working of a molecular machine is presented using the example of F

scholarly journals Green light powered molecular state motor enabling eight-shaped unidirectional rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Gerwien ◽  
Peter Mayer ◽  
Henry Dube
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Molecular Machines ◽  
Molecular State ◽  
Molecular Devices ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Fixed Sequence ◽  
Crossing Point

Abstract Molecular motors convert external energy into directional motions at the nano-scales. To date unidirectional circular rotations and linear motions have been realized but more complex directional trajectories remain unexplored on the molecular level. In this work we present a molecular motor powered by green light allowing to produce an eight-shaped geometry change during its unidirectional rotation around the central molecular axis. Motor motion proceeds in four different steps, which alternate between light powered double bond isomerizations and thermal hula-twist isomerizations. The result is a fixed sequence of populating four different isomers in a fully unidirectional trajectory possessing one crossing point. This motor system opens up unexplored avenues for the construction and mechanisms of molecular machines and will therefore not only significantly expand the toolbox of responsive molecular devices but also enable very different applications in the field of miniaturized technology than currently possible.

A New Perspective on Teamwork in Teaching: A Report on German Lectures in the Biological Sciences

1976 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Charlotte Brancaforte ◽  
Ursula Thomas ◽  
Alvin Yoshinaga
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
New Perspective

scholarly journals Applied Biomechanics: Prosthetic and Orthopaedics

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. xiii-xiii
Author(s):  
Bernd Udo Wiechert
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Artificial Limbs ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Applied Mechanics ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences

Biomechanics is closely related to engineering, because it often uses traditional engineering sciences to analyze biological systems. Some simple applications of Newtonian mechanics and/or materials sciences can supply correct approximations to the mechanics of many biological systems. Applied mechanics, most notably mechanical engineering disciplines such as continuum mechanics, mechanism analysis, structural analysis, kinematics and dynamics play prominent roles in the study of biomechanics. Usually biological systems are much more complex than man-built systems. Numerical methods are hence applied in almost every biomechanical study. Research is done in an iterative process of hypothesis and verification, including several steps of modeling, computer simulation and experimental measurements. Prosthetics and orthotics are clinical disciplines that deal with artificial limbs (prostheses) for people with amputations and supportive devices (orthoses) for people with musculoskeletal weakness or neurological disorders and some disability person. The development of prosthetics and orthotics disciplines is depend on development of science and engineering. The understanding of this multidiscipline field is important the advancement in this field. In this session i will overview the current development in prosthetics and orthotics field, expl ain a brief survey on its method, and discuss perspective for future trend and development.

Biorobotics

2013 ◽  
pp. 490-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Menciassi ◽  
Cecilia Laschi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Biomimetic Robots ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
The Ideal

Biorobotics is an emerging discipline that merges biomedical engineering and robotics. Biorobotics is the science and engineering of robotics applied in the Biomedical field, with the development of biomedical devices for surgery and rehabilitation, as well as with the modeling of biological systems. In this sense, biorobotics is also the construction of physical models of the biological systems, as bioinspired and biomimetic robots. Although most technologies are derived from robotics at large, biorobotics possesses some distinguishing features in terms of methodology of design that deserve to be approached apart from robotics. Biorobotics represents today a field of evolution for biomedical engineering and for robotics, and the ideal ground for educating young engineers, by breaking the traditional barriers among the engineering sectors and those of biological sciences and medicine.

Sir Charles William Oatley, O. B. E. 14 February 1904–11 March 1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Post War ◽  
Scanning Electron

Charles Oatley made three outstanding contributions to the engineering sciences: he was one of the brilliant team that developed radar in Britain during the Second World War; he revolutionized the teaching of electronics at Cambridge University; and he developed the scanning electron microscope. It is for the last of these that he will be chiefly remembered. He stands with Manfred von Ardenne as one of the two great pioneers of scanning electron microscopy His involvement with the instrument began shortly after the war when, fresh from his experience in the development of radar, he perceived that new techniques could be brought to bear which would overcome some of the fundamental problems encountered by von Ardenne in his pre–war research. Oatley's work led directly to the launch of the world's first series production instrument—the Stereoscan—in 1965. Thousands of scanning electron microscopes have since been manufactured and are to be found in practically every research laboratory in the world. The striking three–dimensional images of microscopic organisms produced have been used to illustrate countless newspaper and magazine articles, as well as scientific research papers, giving the general public a new perspective and appreciation of the world that lies beyond the resolution of the human eye. The scanning electron microscope is, arguably, the single most important scientific instrument of the post-war era.

scholarly journals Training Day: biophysical techniques for probing biological systems: 1–2 July 2014, University of East Anglia, UK

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Mona AlOnazi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Protein Electrochemistry ◽  
Training Event ◽  
Structural Biochemistry ◽  
Biophysical Techniques ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The University

Earlier this year one of the first Biochemical Society-supported Training Days took place at the University of East Anglia (UEA). The opportunity to host a practical handson event based upon ‘Biophysical Techniques for Probing Biological Systems’ was provided by the well-established Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry (CMSB). This centre which straddles the Schools of Chemistry and Biological Sciences at UEA offers world-leading research across a unique range of biophysical techniques including NMR, EPR, CD, MCD, protein electrochemistry and rapid reaction kinetics. Well over 30 students from around the UK attended and received hand-on experience and dedicated instruction from world-leading experts in all these techniques. One of the organisers, Fraser MacMillan, said “the event was an overwhelming success and plans are already afoot to repeat this training event, which also receives key CPD credits, on a regular basis”.

scholarly journals A geometric and structural approach to the analysis and design of biological circuit dynamics: a theory tailored for synthetic biology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Marken ◽  
Fangzhou Xiao ◽  
Richard M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

AbstractMuch of the progress in developing our ability to successfully design genetic circuits with predictable dynamics has followed the strategy of molding biological systems to fit into conceptual frameworks used in other disciplines, most notably the engineering sciences. Because biological systems have fundamental differences from systems in these other disciplines, this approach is challenging and the insights obtained from such analyses are often not framed in a biologically-intuitive way. Here, we present a new theoretical framework for analyzing the dynamics of genetic circuits that is tailored towards the unique properties associated with biological systems and experiments. Our framework approximates a complex circuit as a set of simpler circuits, which the system can transition between by saturating its various internal components. These approximations are connected to the intrinsic structure of the system, so this representation allows the analysis of dynamics which emerge solely from the system’s structure. Using our framework, we analyze the presence of structural bistability in a leaky autoactivation motif and the presence of structural oscillations in the Repressilator.

scholarly journals Living computers powered by biochemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Veronica Greco ◽  
Matthew J. Tarnowski ◽  
Thomas E. Gorochowski
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Electronic Computers ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Opening Up

Electronic computers have revolutionized virtually all aspects of our lives. However, long before these existed, cells have relied on computations implemented using biochemistry to make decisions about how to improve their chance of survival. The emerging field of synthetic biology offers a new perspective on life, attempting to apply engineering principles to modify and repurpose biological systems or even create new ones from scratch. This is opening up exciting opportunities to reprogram cellular functions, enabling us to better understand how biological computations are implemented, as well as providing a window into the inner workings of the living computers that surround us.

Creation of activating molecular device including energy conversion mechanism

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Kazushi Kinbara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Molecular Machines ◽  
Molecular Devices ◽  
Molecular Device ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tokyo Institute ◽  
Institute Of Technology

As technology has improved immeasurably over the past few decades, scientists have been able to do remarkable things that are directly inspired by molecules and macromolecules. Indeed, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 was awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L Feringa for designing and producing molecular machines. It seems almost inconceivable that such a thing could be achieved - synthetic molecules with controllable movements that are able to perform a task when energy is added. Although the science behind this achievement is extremely complex, the principle is actually quite simple. The molecular machine receives stimuli and reacts to it. These molecular machines exist biologically and are responsible for such things as DNA replication, but the Nobel Prize winners were able to create a synthetic version that converted chemical energy into motion. Of course, since then researchers around the world have started performing their own investigations to explore the potential of molecular engines and gain a full understanding of what they might facilitate in the future. Professor Kazushi Kinbara is the head of the Kinbara Group based within the School of Life Science and Technology at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan. Kinbara is currently working with a team of experts from 36 research groups based in approximately 30 Japanese Universities and Institutes to design and produce synthetic molecular devices which can perform autonomous functions based on energy conversion.

scholarly journals Biorobotics

Robotics ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1613-1643
Author(s):  
Arianna Menciassi ◽  
Cecilia Laschi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Biomimetic Robots ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
The Ideal

Biorobotics is an emerging discipline that merges biomedical engineering and robotics. Biorobotics is the science and engineering of robotics applied in the Biomedical field, with the development of biomedical devices for surgery and rehabilitation, as well as with the modeling of biological systems. In this sense, biorobotics is also the construction of physical models of the biological systems, as bioinspired and biomimetic robots. Although most technologies are derived from robotics at large, biorobotics possesses some distinguishing features in terms of methodology of design that deserve to be approached apart from robotics. Biorobotics represents today a field of evolution for biomedical engineering and for robotics, and the ideal ground for educating young engineers, by breaking the traditional barriers among the engineering sectors and those of biological sciences and medicine.

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