scholarly journals New multidimensional approaches to poverty measurement in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Adela Delalić ◽  
Rabija Somun-Kapetanović ◽  
Emina Resić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Poverty Indicators

AbstractUnlike the standard unidimensional poverty indices, based mostly on monetary poverty measures, multidimensional poverty indices may include numerous non-monetary poverty indicators. This study utilized fuzzy and Alkire – Foster (AF) and fuzzy methodology to assess the poverty level in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and to compare the results with official poverty assessments. In addition to consumption as a monetary measure, we constructed AF and fuzzy indices by including numerous non-monetary measures that indicate housing quality, possession of durable goods and the household structure. AF multidimensional indices for B&H are calculated based on data from Household Budget Surveys (2004, 2007 and 2011) and fuzzy poverty indices are calculated based on data from HBS 2011. This research has found the differences in the values, direction and dynamics between unidimensional and multidimensional approaches to poverty measurement. Authors state that it is not sufficient to base the creation of more efficient social policies and poverty reduction strategies exclusively on unidimensional indices that address just one dimension of poverty.

scholarly journals Indicators used in measuring poverty under the multidimentional approach: a case study in Quang Ngai province

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Huynh Dinh Phat
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
National Database ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Access To Health Services

Since the concept of multidimensional poverty was initiated in Sen’s works, coupled with the national database providing increasingly complete information on meeting the basic needs of the society, the measurement and evaluation of multidimensional poverty have become popular and attracted the attention of many researchers. The multidimensional poverty line can be based on indicators that are not related to incomes or expenditures. However, it includes other dimensions such as the lack of basic social services. Hence, measuring and implementing poverty reduction policies under the multidimensional approach should be comprehensive in all aspects and cover fields such as education, health, and living conditions (including housing, water supply, possession of sustainable assets, etc.). Since 2016, Quang Ngai province has changed from using the unidimensional to multidimensional poverty measurement method following Decision No. 59/2015/QD-TTg on the multidimensional approach poverty lines applicable for the period 2016-2020. From studies and consultation with experts and researchers in the field of poverty reduction, 11 indicators suitable for measuring multidimensional poverty in Quang Ngai province were proposed, including education level of adults; school attendance of children; access to health services; health insurance, social assistance; child mortality; nutrition; housing quality; fuel used for cooking; water supply sources; toilets; and the possession of sustainable assets.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impacts of Smallholder Farmer’s Participation in Modern Agricultural Value Chain Tactics for Facilitating Poverty Alleviation—A Case Study of Kiwifruit Industry in Shaanxi, China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Apurbo Sarkar ◽  
Lu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Storage Technology

Market-based initiatives like agriculture value chain (AVC) are becoming progressively pervasive to support smallholder rural farmers and assist them in entering larger market interventions and providing a pathway of enhancing their socioeconomic well-being. Moreover, it may also foster staggering effects towards the post-era poverty alleviation in rural areas and possessed a significant theoretical and practical influence for modern agricultural development. The prime objective of the study is to explore the effects of smallholder farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain for availing rural development and poverty alleviation. Specifically, we have crafted the assessment employing pre-production (improved fertilizers usage), in-production (modern preservation technology), and post-production (supply chain) participation and interventions of smallholder farmers. The empirical data has been collected from a micro survey dataset of 623 kiwifruit farmers from July to September in Shaanxi, China. We have employed propensity score matching (PSM), probit, and OLS models to explore the multidimensional poverty reduction impact and heterogeneity of farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain. The results show that the total number of poor farmers who have experienced one-dimensional and two-dimensional poverty is relatively high (66.3%). We also find that farmers’ participation in agricultural value chain activities has a significant poverty reduction effect. The multidimensional poverty level of farmers using improved fertilizer, organizational acquisition, and using storage technology (compared with non-participating farmers) decreased by 30.1%, 46.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of male farmers using improved fertilizer and participating in the organizational acquisition is greater than that of women. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of female farmers using storage and fresh-keeping technology has a greater impact than the males using storage and improved storage technology. Government should widely promote the value chain in the form of pre-harvest, production, and post-harvest technology. The public–private partnership should also be strengthened for availing innovative technologies and infrastructure development.

scholarly journals Measuring Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality in Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 685-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqbool H. Sial ◽  
Asma Noreen ◽  
Rehmat Ullah Awan
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Development Objective ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

The key development objective of Pakistan, since its existence, has been to reduce poverty, inequality and to improve the condition of its people. While this goal seems very important in itself yet is also necessary for the eradication of other social, political and economic problems. The objective to eradicate poverty has remained same but methodology to analysing this has changed. It can be said that failure of most of the poverty strategies is due to lack of clear choice of poverty definition. A sound development policy including poverty alleviation hinges upon accurate and well-defined measurements of multidimensional socio-economic characteristics which reflect the ground realities confronting the poor and down trodden rather than using some abstract/income based criteria for poverty measurement. Conventionally welfare has generally been measured using income or expenditures criteria. Similarly, in Pakistan poverty has been measured mostly in uni-dimension, income or expenditures variables. However, recent literature on poverty has pointed out some drawbacks in measuring uni-dimensional poverty in terms of money. It is argued that uni-dimensional poverty measures are insufficient to understand the wellbeing of individuals. Poverty is a multidimensional concept rather than a unidimensional. Uni-dimensional poverty is unable to capture a true picture of poverty because poverty is more than income deprivation

scholarly journals Poverty Measurement and Choice of Poverty Reduction Strategy: The Importance of Poverty Measurement in Determining the Right Strategy

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Badrudin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poverty Measure ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Poverty Reduction Strategy

This study aimed at testing the poverty measurement and the choice of poverty reduction strategy by using the data in four regencies and one municipal in Special Province of Yogyakarta (Indonesia). The study observed the number of poor people in those regions for eight-year periods (2001-2008) after the Law of Local Government Autonomy was in force in 2000. By using averagely 140 observations for each regency and municipal and employing ANOVA 2-Ways Analysis, the empirical results surprisingly revealed that only one regency and municipal produced nearly correct measurement on poverty. As to inter-temporal comparisons of the poverty number for each region, the statistical testing validated the inconsistency of poverty measure used. It gave evidence that the choice of poverty lines and poverty measures was a product of local government’s arbitrary decision, and of course, based on the finding; it called for robustness analysis of the poverty measurement used by the local government. To this respect, the choice of poverty reduction strategy should be seen as the free-vested interest decision in determining the poverty measurement. It needs a customization strategy based on the measure taken.

scholarly journals Including services in multidimensional poverty measurement for SDGs: modifications to the consensual approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Alba Lanau ◽  
Joanna Mack ◽  
Shailen Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Household Resources ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Consensual Approach

Poor households disproportionately lack access to services, yet this is rarely considered in poverty measures. Service provision can vary significantly between and within countries, and so similar levels of household resources may translate to very different living standards. Where universal provision of basic services is lacking, current approaches to poverty measurement may result in underestimates, thereby raising comparability and identification issues. We propose a conceptual framework to incorporate service provision into multidimensional poverty measures, based on a modification to the consensual approach. The modification would create improved context-specific poverty measures, enabling a more nuanced understanding about effective access to services.

scholarly journals POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES: EVIDENCE FROM U-MICROFINANCE BANK

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Iram Rani ◽  
Minhoon Khan Laghari ◽  
Muhammad Asif Channa
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This Study intends the assessment of microloan by U Microfinance Bank from females of upper Sindh. The core objective was to assess the impact of U-Microfinance on the poverty level of female for improving their living standards by providing them micro-loans to be used for their small-scale business which could enable them to be empowered politically, socially, economically, and assessing its impacts on the health and education of their families. Methodology: This study was conducted on the assessment of microloan interventions of U Microfinance Bank in the rural areas of upper Sindh. A quantitative approach was used to measure the impact of microloan on the poverty status of the female along with a qualitative study to further confirm the findings. In this study, a quasi-experimental design was used in which two groups of data from the same respondents assuming the data ‘Before-loan and After-Loan Situation’ from the female borrowers of Khairpur, Sukkur, Shikarpur, Larkana, and Dadu Districts of Upper Sindh. Poverty Score Card was used as a survey instrument originally developed by the World Bank for each region separately. The collected data were analyzed by applying the descriptive statistics and logistic regression technique by using SPSS latest version. Results: Results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrate that the microloan program does empower females of targeted cities, but the empowerment process does not necessarily occur simultaneously across all dimensions. Whereas microfinance does effect individually on each dimension of empowerment. For microfinance ventures, the results suggest that occupation types have a positive impact on women's empowerment. Applications of this study: This study can be very effective in improving the strategies for poverty reduction among the female borrowers of the upper Sindh. The Novelty of the study: The novelty of this study investigating the effect of poverty reduction strategies on female empowerment.

Poverty assessment in Russia: dependence on the measurement methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
M. A. Bulanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Poverty Assessment ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost

Poverty reduction is one of the main objectives of the state policy in the Russian Federation. In the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 474 of 21.07.2020 «On the national goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030,» a target is determined - reducing the poverty level by half by 2030. To measure poverty in the Russian Federation until 2021, the absolute concept was used. Within the framework of this concept, it is planned to create a minimum standard on the basis of which the level of poverty was determined. In the Russian Federation, a consumer basket is adopted as a standard, on the basis of which the cost of living is calculated. The cost of living is the threshold for poverty. Since 2021, the methodology for measuring poverty has changed, the calculation is based on the relative concept, the median method is used to measure poverty. A number of countries also use the multidimensional poverty concept with a set of indicators to measure poverty. The article provides a comparative analysis of methodological approaches for poverty assessment. The article proves that the level of poverty depends on the methodological approach underlying its measurement. The author believes that only a multidimensional approach to measuring poverty will contribute to the development of effective public policies to overcome poverty.

scholarly journals Financial Development and Poverty in Developing Countries: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pam Zahonogo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poverty Indicators

The paper investigates how financial development affects poverty indicators in developing countries. We implement this analysis with a poverty model using data from 42 Sub-Saharan African countries and covering the period 1980-2012. We employ the System Generalized Method-of-Moment (GMM) that is appropriate to control country specific effects and the possible endogeneity. The empirical evidence shows that there indeed exists a financial development threshold below which financial development has detrimental effects on poor and above which financial development could be associated with less poverty. The evidence then points an inverted U curve type response and the findings are robust to changes in poverty measures and to alternative model specifications, suggesting thus the non-fragility of the linkage between financial development and poverty for sub-Saharan African countries. Our findings are then promising and support the view that the relation between financial development and poverty reduction is not linear for sub-Saharan African countries.

scholarly journals A New Generalized Variance Approach for Measuring Multidimensional Inequality and Poverty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottó Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Generalized Variance ◽  
Multidimensional Inequality ◽  
Conventional Literature ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
Special Complex

AbstractThe paper suggests a new generalized variance concept for measuring multidimensional inequality of a stratified society, based on multivariate statistical methods, where the members of society form a cloud in the oblique space of dimensions of inequality, such as income, expenditure and property. The cloud presents the multidimensional inequality capsulized in the cloud. The goal is to condense all the inequality information embodied by the cloud into a composite compact metric characterizing both the shape and the inner structure of the cloud. Contrary to the conventional literature that considers multidimensionality as a unidimensional weighted combination of the dimensions, our new composite index measures the inequality of the configuration of the points in the cloud. Our aim is twofold. First, we introduce the Inequality Covariance Matrix (ICM) assigned to the cloud, with elements measuring the correlations among dimensions. Having ICM, we propose the Generalized Variance (GV) of ICM to measure the composite Generalized Variance Inequality (GVI) level. Second, to evaluate the stratum-specific structure of the overall inequality, we suggest a new two-stage procedure. In the first stage, we divide the total GVI into between-groups and within-groups effects. Then, in the second stage the contributions of the strata to the within-groups inequality and, the contributions of the dimensions to the between-groups inequality are calculated. This GVI approach is sensitive to the correlation system, decomposable into stratum effects and, the number of dimensions is not limited. Moreover, including the log-dimensions in the analysis, GVI yields an Entropy Covariance Matrix giving a new Generalized Variance Entropy index. Finally, the GVI of censored poverty indicators means multidimensional poverty measurement. This special complex task is not yet solved in the traditional literature so far.

scholarly journals Deprivasi Utama Kemiskinan Multidimensi Antarprovinsi di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Bagus Sumargo ◽  
Naomi Miduk M. Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
School Problems ◽  
Monetary Approach ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
Relief Program

So far poverty alleviation policies are still oriented to the monetary approach, while poverty is multidimensional, this means that multidimensional poverty is defined as the condition of the lack of all existing poverty indicators. This study finds the main deprivation of poverty indicators in each province in Indonesia, so that poverty alleviation programs can be directed and more in line with the main deprivation needs of poverty in an area. Using the data of the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas 2014) and Alkire-Foster’s multidimensional poverty measurement method, and with 12 indicators in three dimensions (health, education, and living standards), found that a priority scale of poverty alleviation assistance required by all provinces in Indonesia based on deprivation primarily a relief program t hat deals with old school problems and immunizations, except in Maluku province is a birth attendant and in Papua is a literacy  issue. ------------------------------ Sejauh ini kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan masih berorientasi pada pendekatan moneter, sementara kemiskinan bersifat multidimensi, ini berarti bahwa kemiskinan multidimensi didefinisikan sebagai kondisi kurangnya semua indikator kemiskinan yang ada. Studi ini menemukan deprivasi utama indikator kemiskinan di setiap provinsi di Indonesia, sehingga program pengentasan kemiskinan dapat diarahkan dan lebih sesuai dengan kebutuhan deprivasi utama kemiskinan di suatu daerah. Berdasarkan data hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) 2014 dan metode pengukuran kemiskinan multidimensi Alkire-Foster, serta 12 indikator dalam tiga dimensi (pendidikan, kesehatan, dan standar hidup), maka ditemukan skala prioritas bantuan pengentasan kemiskinan yang dibutuhkan di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan deprivasi utamanya, yakni program bantuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan lama sekolah dan imunisasi, kecuali di Provinsi Maluku adalah persoalan penolong kelahiran dan di Papua adalah persoalan melek huruf.

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