Poverty assessment in Russia: dependence on the measurement methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
M. A. Bulanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Poverty Assessment ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost

Poverty reduction is one of the main objectives of the state policy in the Russian Federation. In the decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 474 of 21.07.2020 «On the national goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030,» a target is determined - reducing the poverty level by half by 2030. To measure poverty in the Russian Federation until 2021, the absolute concept was used. Within the framework of this concept, it is planned to create a minimum standard on the basis of which the level of poverty was determined. In the Russian Federation, a consumer basket is adopted as a standard, on the basis of which the cost of living is calculated. The cost of living is the threshold for poverty. Since 2021, the methodology for measuring poverty has changed, the calculation is based on the relative concept, the median method is used to measure poverty. A number of countries also use the multidimensional poverty concept with a set of indicators to measure poverty. The article provides a comparative analysis of methodological approaches for poverty assessment. The article proves that the level of poverty depends on the methodological approach underlying its measurement. The author believes that only a multidimensional approach to measuring poverty will contribute to the development of effective public policies to overcome poverty.

scholarly journals Development of Approaches to Monitor the Risks of Not Achieving the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation and Its Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Lyubov Belyaevskaya-Plotnik ◽  
◽  
Lina Bocharova ◽  
Natalia Sorokina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Development ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Target Indicator ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents a methodological approach to constructing limits for monitoring the risks of nonachievement of national development goals of the country and its regions. The study’s relevance lies in the fact that the implementation of the suggested approach in public administration will contribute to the implementation of an adequate assessment of the achievement of these goals at the federal level and the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The solution to the problem of building the limit values “corridors” for risk monitoring of non-achievement of the country’s national development goals and regions is carried out on the methodological basis of the scenario approach with the use of indicative analysis. This allows setting the limit values “corridors” as a calculated range of fluctuations of the target indicator within its upper and lower limits. Using the suggested methodological approach, the boundary of the limit values for the indicator of the poverty level, which serves as a target indicator for the assessment of the national development goal “Population preservation, health and well-being of people” achievement is constructed. Based on the calculations obtained, as well as on the estimates of the indicator made for Krasnodar Krai and Astrakhan region, it is shown that the poverty targets defined by the national development goals and the corresponding regional strategies differ significantly from those obtained on the basis of the forecast, which determines the high risk of non-achievement the target values. The methodological approach suggested in the article makes it possible to promptly inform the management agent about the appearance of unfavorable or critical changes in the country’s social and economic development and to develop measures for the elimination of negative tendencies and support of positive trends in the achievement of national development goals.

scholarly journals SĄDOWE USTALENIE OJCOSTWA W FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Holewińska-Łapińska
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Family Code ◽  
Common Law Marriage

Judicial Establishing of Paternity in the Russian FederationSummary The article discusses the judicial establishing of paternity pursuant to the Family Code of the Russian Federation in force from March 1, 1996 against a background of former regulations of the Soviet Law starting from 1917.In the years 1917-1944 judicial establishing of paternity in USSR was admissible without restrictions. In the period from July 8, 1944 to October 1, 1968 prohibition of judicial establishing of paternity was in force.In the period from October 1, 1968 to March 1, 1996 establishing of paternity could occur if in a case one of the following was true: (1) A child’s mother and a defendant lived together before the birth of a child and managed a common household. (2) A child’s mother and a defendant raised a child together. (3) A child’s mother and a defendant provided jointly for a child. It was not required that a defendant contributed significantly to the cost of living of a child but that he did it systematically. (4) There was reliable evidence that a defendant admitted his paternity.If a child was born in the period from October 1, 1968 to March 1, 1996, his parentage was not as yet affiliated to a father, and a man whose paternity was to be established was alive - still one of the aforementioned conditions has to be proved in a lawsuit.Judicial establishing of paternity of a child who was born starting from March 1, 1996 may occur on a demand of a child’s mother, a man who claims he is a child’s father, a child’s custodian (guardian), a person who keeps a child, a child of age. Judicial establishing of paternity may be demanded in person by a parent who has turned fourteen. A child of age has to give his/her assent to establishing of paternity. If s/he was incapacitated - a consent should be given by a custodian or a care agency.One has to prove, presenting evidence of any nature, that this particular man is a father of a child. In practice evidence taken into account shall either prove the paternity in a scientifically dependable manner (a DNA test) or prove indirectly a validity of a suit (e.g. a child’s mother and a man pointed out as a father stayed in a common-law marriage during the period of a probable conception of a child).After father’s death a court may establish paternity on the grounds of the fact, that during his life a the said man expressed by his conduct a conviction that he believes himself a father of a child in question. If a child was born before October 1, 1968 additionally it has to be proven that a man deeming himself a father did keep his extra-marital child.

scholarly journals Analysis of the practice of establishing the size of regional coefficients to the wages of workers in areas with unfavourable natural and climatic conditions and proposals for its improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Irina Omelchenko ◽  
Oleg Dozortzev ◽  
Marina Danilina
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Constituent Entity ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Cost

District coefficients are designed to compensate for differences in the cost of living of the population in the northern and eastern regions compared to the central and southern regions due to the unequal needs of the population. On the basis of the content analysis of the legislation the authors showed that in order to improve the legislation on regional coefficients to the wages of workers in areas with unfavorable natural and climatic conditions for the population, it is necessary to prepare new methodological approaches to determining the size of regional coefficients on the basis of the minimum (recovery) budget or the minimum consumer budget and to introduce the practice of establishing uniform regional coefficients for the wages of all employees of enterprises, organizations and institutions in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation or in municipal districts and urban districts within the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Updating the methodology for providing incentive subsidies to depressed agricultural regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2210-2224
Author(s):  
V.M. Sharapova ◽  
T.N. Medvedeva ◽  
E.A. Farvazova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Depressed Regions ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Subject. The article considers a procedure for calculating and distributing State support to depressed agricultural regions in the framework of a new type of budget financing, i.e. compensating and stimulating subsidies. Objectives. The purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of the system of State regulation of agribusiness in a depressed region, determine the priority of modern methods of budgetary support from the State, improve the methodological approach to the distribution of State aid among subjects of the Russian Federation with low level of socio-economic development. Methods. The study draws on the abstract and logical method, methods of statistical analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization. Results. We realized the objectives of the study, using the agricultural producers of the Kurgan Oblast case. The paper analyzes the condition of agricultural sector in the depressed region, assesses the State support system efficiency for the agricultural sector of the Trans-Ural region, considers government measures related to the regulation of the economy of backward regions. It presents an updated method of budget financing within an incentive subsidy by clarifying the calculations and introducing an additional indicator that reflects the level of remuneration of regional agricultural producers. Conclusions. The updated calculation methodology for incentive subsidies to depressed regions enables to build a certain economic rating of ten depressed regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account not only the volume of production and employment, but also the level of wages of agricultural workers.

Medical and economic analysis of the consequences of expanding the drug supply program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Andrei Georgievich Maliavin ◽  
Alana Viktorovna Dzanaeva ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Avxentyeva ◽  
Sergei Lvovich Babak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Drug Provision

Purpose of the study. Healthcare budget impact analysis in the Russian Federation of providing adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with basic therapy for outpatient treatment. Material and methods. The hypothesis of reducing costs for the treatment of exacerbations of COPD was tested while providing all patients with basic therapy on an outpatient basis. The model calculates the direct medical costs of drug provision and treatment of exacerbations in patients with COPD in the current situation and when all patients with COPD are covered with basic therapy as part of a program of preferential drug provision. The simulation period is 1 year. The analysis does not take into account social losses associated with disability, payment of disability certificates, reduced labor productivity and mortality. Results. The cost of providing all patients with COPD with the recommended basic drug therapy on an outpatient basis is substantially offset by a decrease in the cost of treating exacerbations: drug costs should increase by 14.1 billion rubles compared with the current situation, while the cost of providing medical care to patients with exacerbations is reduced by 9.7 billion rubles. As a result, the difference in direct medical costs, or the necessary additional investments, is 4.4 billion rubles. The price of drugs used for basic therapy has the greatest impact on the size of the required additional investments. Conclusion. Providing all patients with COPD with the recommended basic drug therapy on an outpatient basis, we can expect a decrease in the number of moderate exacerbations per year by 14.7% and severe exacerbations by 31.2%. Taking into account not only medical, but also socio-economic costs can not only offset additional investments, but also demonstrate significant savings. When implementing a pilot project of preferential drug provision for patients with COPD in a specific region of the Russian Federation, it is possible to reduce the cost of purchasing medicines when forming a municipal order.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impacts of Smallholder Farmer’s Participation in Modern Agricultural Value Chain Tactics for Facilitating Poverty Alleviation—A Case Study of Kiwifruit Industry in Shaanxi, China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Apurbo Sarkar ◽  
Lu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Storage Technology

Market-based initiatives like agriculture value chain (AVC) are becoming progressively pervasive to support smallholder rural farmers and assist them in entering larger market interventions and providing a pathway of enhancing their socioeconomic well-being. Moreover, it may also foster staggering effects towards the post-era poverty alleviation in rural areas and possessed a significant theoretical and practical influence for modern agricultural development. The prime objective of the study is to explore the effects of smallholder farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain for availing rural development and poverty alleviation. Specifically, we have crafted the assessment employing pre-production (improved fertilizers usage), in-production (modern preservation technology), and post-production (supply chain) participation and interventions of smallholder farmers. The empirical data has been collected from a micro survey dataset of 623 kiwifruit farmers from July to September in Shaanxi, China. We have employed propensity score matching (PSM), probit, and OLS models to explore the multidimensional poverty reduction impact and heterogeneity of farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain. The results show that the total number of poor farmers who have experienced one-dimensional and two-dimensional poverty is relatively high (66.3%). We also find that farmers’ participation in agricultural value chain activities has a significant poverty reduction effect. The multidimensional poverty level of farmers using improved fertilizer, organizational acquisition, and using storage technology (compared with non-participating farmers) decreased by 30.1%, 46.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of male farmers using improved fertilizer and participating in the organizational acquisition is greater than that of women. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of female farmers using storage and fresh-keeping technology has a greater impact than the males using storage and improved storage technology. Government should widely promote the value chain in the form of pre-harvest, production, and post-harvest technology. The public–private partnership should also be strengthened for availing innovative technologies and infrastructure development.

scholarly journals Ways to Reduce Energy Costs in Poultry Farms

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sklyar ◽  
Margarita Postnova
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Poultry Farming

Currently, the modern poultry farms are located in regions with different climatic conditions. Thus, the component of the electric power being the base for combined heating and ventilating systems, lighting, and local heating of poultry farms, is great in power engineering on the territory of the Russian Federation. The analysis of energy costs of poultry farms showed that of the estimated options for reducing the cost of electricity for poultry farms, one of the most effective can be an alternative source such as the generation of own electricity. Naturally, for biological production with a continuous technological cycle (poultry farming, for example), seems to be replace about 45-55 % of the needs of the factory and serve as a reserve for the rest, but not cover all 100 % of needs.

scholarly journals CURRENT DIRECTIONS OF CRIMINAL POLICY IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-FRAUD: A GENERAL CRITICAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
R.K. Shautaeva ◽  
O.A. Petryanina
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost

The relevance of the direction chosen for research is multifactorial. First, there is a steady increase in attacks on property by deception or abuse of trust. Second, the emergence of new forms of fraudulent activities requiring a symmetrical response from government agencies. Third, the offensive, not always error-free development of criminal policy in the form of the creation of new legal and technical mechanisms to counter the considered type of criminal deviant behavior of selfish orientation. All this prompted us to identify and consider the most significant methodological problems in the area taken for research in the form of their demonstration, as well as proposals for directions for their solution. The first criminal law flaw in the state strategy in the fight against fraud is the fallacy in the systematization of the crimes reflected in Art. 159-159of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The substitution of the significance of public relations protected by the norms included in these articles caused the imbalance in the Special Part of the Criminal Code. RF. The second methodological problem is the imbalance in the cost criteria of Art. 159-159of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which form the basis for their criminalization and differentiation. The third problem is the fact that there are separate elements of fraud with their fixation in separate articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, depending on the areas of encroachment. In the article, on the basis of the conducted critical analysis and the presented argumentation, directions for resolving the noted methodological problems, theoretical, applied and legislative format, are proposed.

scholarly journals STUDY OF TARIFFS FOR TRANSPORT SERVICES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Z. A. Kapelyuk ◽  
Y. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Tariff Policy ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of tariff regulation of the cost of passenger railway transportation services in the European Union and the Russian Federation. The features of tariff regulation are disclosed and eleven countries are classified according to the main categories. Tariff policy for transport services is used to ensure the consistency of economic interests of consumers and is a problematic segment for all types of transport. The article deals with tariff regulation of the cost of services provided by the railway infrastructure. Comparison of domestic and foreign experience in pricing of transport services for further development of Russian Railways is carried out. The setting of tariffs and available discounts, as well as benefits for the purchase of tickets for trains in the countries of the European Union and Russia are considered. The indexation of tariffs for transportation services of Russian Railways depending on the period of the trip and the comfort of the car is analyzed. Conclusions on the impact of mobile tariffs on economic efficiency, as well as the need to improve the tariff policy in the Russian Federation by involving foreign transport companies in implementation.

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