scholarly journals Deprivasi Utama Kemiskinan Multidimensi Antarprovinsi di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Bagus Sumargo ◽  
Naomi Miduk M. Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
School Problems ◽  
Monetary Approach ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
Relief Program

So far poverty alleviation policies are still oriented to the monetary approach, while poverty is multidimensional, this means that multidimensional poverty is defined as the condition of the lack of all existing poverty indicators. This study finds the main deprivation of poverty indicators in each province in Indonesia, so that poverty alleviation programs can be directed and more in line with the main deprivation needs of poverty in an area. Using the data of the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas 2014) and Alkire-Foster’s multidimensional poverty measurement method, and with 12 indicators in three dimensions (health, education, and living standards), found that a priority scale of poverty alleviation assistance required by all provinces in Indonesia based on deprivation primarily a relief program t hat deals with old school problems and immunizations, except in Maluku province is a birth attendant and in Papua is a literacy  issue. ------------------------------ Sejauh ini kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan masih berorientasi pada pendekatan moneter, sementara kemiskinan bersifat multidimensi, ini berarti bahwa kemiskinan multidimensi didefinisikan sebagai kondisi kurangnya semua indikator kemiskinan yang ada. Studi ini menemukan deprivasi utama indikator kemiskinan di setiap provinsi di Indonesia, sehingga program pengentasan kemiskinan dapat diarahkan dan lebih sesuai dengan kebutuhan deprivasi utama kemiskinan di suatu daerah. Berdasarkan data hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) 2014 dan metode pengukuran kemiskinan multidimensi Alkire-Foster, serta 12 indikator dalam tiga dimensi (pendidikan, kesehatan, dan standar hidup), maka ditemukan skala prioritas bantuan pengentasan kemiskinan yang dibutuhkan di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan deprivasi utamanya, yakni program bantuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan lama sekolah dan imunisasi, kecuali di Provinsi Maluku adalah persoalan penolong kelahiran dan di Papua adalah persoalan melek huruf.

scholarly journals Measuring Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality in Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 685-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqbool H. Sial ◽  
Asma Noreen ◽  
Rehmat Ullah Awan
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Development Objective ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

The key development objective of Pakistan, since its existence, has been to reduce poverty, inequality and to improve the condition of its people. While this goal seems very important in itself yet is also necessary for the eradication of other social, political and economic problems. The objective to eradicate poverty has remained same but methodology to analysing this has changed. It can be said that failure of most of the poverty strategies is due to lack of clear choice of poverty definition. A sound development policy including poverty alleviation hinges upon accurate and well-defined measurements of multidimensional socio-economic characteristics which reflect the ground realities confronting the poor and down trodden rather than using some abstract/income based criteria for poverty measurement. Conventionally welfare has generally been measured using income or expenditures criteria. Similarly, in Pakistan poverty has been measured mostly in uni-dimension, income or expenditures variables. However, recent literature on poverty has pointed out some drawbacks in measuring uni-dimensional poverty in terms of money. It is argued that uni-dimensional poverty measures are insufficient to understand the wellbeing of individuals. Poverty is a multidimensional concept rather than a unidimensional. Uni-dimensional poverty is unable to capture a true picture of poverty because poverty is more than income deprivation

scholarly journals Multidimensional Poverty, Social Networks: Spatial Neighbourhoods on Poverty Eradication in Tumpang District, Malang Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Ismu Rini Dwi Ari ◽  
Budi Soegiarto Waloejo ◽  
Septiana Hariyani
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

Poverty is multidimensional problem of the development that cause human difficulties in accessing public facility and infrastructure. Along with target of SDGs regarding poverty alleviation, main aims of this research are i) measure poverty level through three dimensions – health, education and standard of living of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), and ii) scrutinize influential variables of the poverty through Spatial Regression Analysis whereby physical as well as social variables are put it together in the model. This research would like to propose a set of research approach on how dealing with poverty in a certain area.  Area of study is Tumpang district in Malang Regency, East Java Province consist of 15 villages, wherein at about 36,61% family are receiver of the Raskin (Beras Miskin – Poor Rice) program as one of the poverty alleviation programs in Indonesia. Both field observation as well as depth interview are conducted towards 274 head of households. Result study finds out that there are five villages which have high value of MPI in Tumpang District, namely Duwet Krajan, Duwet, Benjor, Tulusbesar and Kidal, and the two dimensions – education and living standard give significant contribution to the poverty. Next, poverty in the research area has influenced by both social relations among residents within a village as well as geographical location of the nearest neighbourhoods. Then, eradication poverty is necessary to put consideration on strengthening ‘constructive’ social relations among residents through their existence community groups.

scholarly journals A New Generalized Variance Approach for Measuring Multidimensional Inequality and Poverty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottó Hajdu
Keyword(s):  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Generalized Variance ◽  
Multidimensional Inequality ◽  
Conventional Literature ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
Special Complex

AbstractThe paper suggests a new generalized variance concept for measuring multidimensional inequality of a stratified society, based on multivariate statistical methods, where the members of society form a cloud in the oblique space of dimensions of inequality, such as income, expenditure and property. The cloud presents the multidimensional inequality capsulized in the cloud. The goal is to condense all the inequality information embodied by the cloud into a composite compact metric characterizing both the shape and the inner structure of the cloud. Contrary to the conventional literature that considers multidimensionality as a unidimensional weighted combination of the dimensions, our new composite index measures the inequality of the configuration of the points in the cloud. Our aim is twofold. First, we introduce the Inequality Covariance Matrix (ICM) assigned to the cloud, with elements measuring the correlations among dimensions. Having ICM, we propose the Generalized Variance (GV) of ICM to measure the composite Generalized Variance Inequality (GVI) level. Second, to evaluate the stratum-specific structure of the overall inequality, we suggest a new two-stage procedure. In the first stage, we divide the total GVI into between-groups and within-groups effects. Then, in the second stage the contributions of the strata to the within-groups inequality and, the contributions of the dimensions to the between-groups inequality are calculated. This GVI approach is sensitive to the correlation system, decomposable into stratum effects and, the number of dimensions is not limited. Moreover, including the log-dimensions in the analysis, GVI yields an Entropy Covariance Matrix giving a new Generalized Variance Entropy index. Finally, the GVI of censored poverty indicators means multidimensional poverty measurement. This special complex task is not yet solved in the traditional literature so far.

scholarly journals Measurement of Living Standards Deprivation in Punjab Using AF Method (Periodical Comparison Approach)

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 739-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Shamim Rafique ◽  
Farhan Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

In spite of taking and implementing various special measures by the government of Punjab and the Pakistan to alleviate poverty in Punjab, poverty is still there and has become a constraint in the way of economic progress and prosperity of the people of the Punjab-Pakistan. Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being. The conventional view links well-being primarily to command over commodities, so the poor are those who do not have enough income or consumption to put them above some adequate minimum threshold. The broadest approach to well-being and hence poverty focuses on the capability of the individual to properly function in the society. The poor lack key capabilities, and may have inadequate income or education, and last but not the least living standards. How we measure poverty can importantly influence how we come to understand it, how we analyse it, and how we create policies to influence it. In recent years, the literature on multidimensional poverty measurement has blossomed in a number of different directions. The 1997 Human Development Report vividly introduced poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, and the Millennium Declaration and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have highlighted multiple dimensions of poverty since 2000.

scholarly journals New multidimensional approaches to poverty measurement in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Adela Delalić ◽  
Rabija Somun-Kapetanović ◽  
Emina Resić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Poverty Indicators

AbstractUnlike the standard unidimensional poverty indices, based mostly on monetary poverty measures, multidimensional poverty indices may include numerous non-monetary poverty indicators. This study utilized fuzzy and Alkire – Foster (AF) and fuzzy methodology to assess the poverty level in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and to compare the results with official poverty assessments. In addition to consumption as a monetary measure, we constructed AF and fuzzy indices by including numerous non-monetary measures that indicate housing quality, possession of durable goods and the household structure. AF multidimensional indices for B&H are calculated based on data from Household Budget Surveys (2004, 2007 and 2011) and fuzzy poverty indices are calculated based on data from HBS 2011. This research has found the differences in the values, direction and dynamics between unidimensional and multidimensional approaches to poverty measurement. Authors state that it is not sufficient to base the creation of more efficient social policies and poverty reduction strategies exclusively on unidimensional indices that address just one dimension of poverty.

Wage disparities between high and low wage cities with and without the cost of living within Punjab and Sindh: An application of Oaxaca-Blinder using PSLM with HIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Farrukh Mahmood ◽  
Shumaila Hashim ◽  
Uzma Iram ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Chishti
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Wage Dispersion ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wage Disparities

Wage disparities research hardly incorporate for the cost of living differences due to data restriction, while the wage disparity issue is the crucial area of economist interest. The study aims to examine the wage disparities between high and low wage cities for Punjab and Sindh province of Pakistan with and without the cost of living, deploying the data of Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) with Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) for 2005, 2007, 2010, and 2013. Applying the Oaxaca-Blinder estimation method, the findings infer that wage dispersion is high without the cost of living model for both provinces (Punjab and Sindh) as compared to with cost of the living model. Moreover, the results reveal that the wage dispersion is greater in Punjab province than Sindh province. For policymakers, our study suggests that the cost of living is an essential component of the wage dispersion in Pakistan’s cities; it should be considered while formulating for wage policy.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impacts of Smallholder Farmer’s Participation in Modern Agricultural Value Chain Tactics for Facilitating Poverty Alleviation—A Case Study of Kiwifruit Industry in Shaanxi, China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Apurbo Sarkar ◽  
Lu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Storage Technology

Market-based initiatives like agriculture value chain (AVC) are becoming progressively pervasive to support smallholder rural farmers and assist them in entering larger market interventions and providing a pathway of enhancing their socioeconomic well-being. Moreover, it may also foster staggering effects towards the post-era poverty alleviation in rural areas and possessed a significant theoretical and practical influence for modern agricultural development. The prime objective of the study is to explore the effects of smallholder farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain for availing rural development and poverty alleviation. Specifically, we have crafted the assessment employing pre-production (improved fertilizers usage), in-production (modern preservation technology), and post-production (supply chain) participation and interventions of smallholder farmers. The empirical data has been collected from a micro survey dataset of 623 kiwifruit farmers from July to September in Shaanxi, China. We have employed propensity score matching (PSM), probit, and OLS models to explore the multidimensional poverty reduction impact and heterogeneity of farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain. The results show that the total number of poor farmers who have experienced one-dimensional and two-dimensional poverty is relatively high (66.3%). We also find that farmers’ participation in agricultural value chain activities has a significant poverty reduction effect. The multidimensional poverty level of farmers using improved fertilizer, organizational acquisition, and using storage technology (compared with non-participating farmers) decreased by 30.1%, 46.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of male farmers using improved fertilizer and participating in the organizational acquisition is greater than that of women. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of female farmers using storage and fresh-keeping technology has a greater impact than the males using storage and improved storage technology. Government should widely promote the value chain in the form of pre-harvest, production, and post-harvest technology. The public–private partnership should also be strengthened for availing innovative technologies and infrastructure development.

scholarly journals Measuring Vulnerability to Multidimensional Poverty

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Vulnerability To Poverty

Abstract A method to measure vulnerability to multidimensional poverty is proposed under a mean–risk behaviour approach. We extend the unidimensional downside mean–semideviation measurement of vulnerability to poverty towards the multidimensional space by incorporating this approach into Alkire and Foster’s multidimensional counting framework. The new approach is called the vulnerability to multidimensional poverty index (VMPI), alluding to the fact that it can be used to assess vulnerability to poverty measured by the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). The proposed family of vulnerability indicators can be estimated using cross-sectional data and can include both binary and metric welfare indicators. It is flexible enough to be applied for measuring vulnerability in a wide range of MPI designs, including the Global MPI. An empirical application of the VMPI and its related indicators is illustrated using the official MPI of Chile as the reference poverty measurement. The estimates are performed using the National Socioeconomic Characterisation Survey (CASEN) for the year 2017.

scholarly journals Contrasting Monetary and Multidimensional Poverty Measures in a Low-Income Sub-Saharan African Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Salecker ◽  
Anar K. Ahmadov ◽  
Leyla Karimli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Over Time

AbstractDespite significant progress in poverty measurement, few studies have undertaken an in-depth comparison of monetary and multidimensional measures in the context of low-income countries and fewer still in Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet the differences can be particularly consequential in these settings. We address this gap by applying a distinct analytical strategy to the case of Rwanda. Using data from two waves of the Rwandan Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey, we combine comparing poverty rates cross-sectionally and over time, examining the overlaps and differences in the two measures, investigating poverty rates within population sub-groups, and estimating several statistical models to assess the differences between the two measures in identifying poverty risk factors. We find that using a monetary measure alone does not capture high incidence of multidimensional poverty in both waves, that it is possible to be multidimensional poor without being monetary poor, and that using a monetary measure alone overlooks significant change in multidimensional poverty over time. The two measures also differ in which poverty risk factors they put emphasis on. Relying only on monetary measures in low-income sub-Saharan Africa can send inaccurate signals to policymakers regarding the optimal design of social policies as well as monitoring their effectiveness.

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