scholarly journals Exhaust emissions of buses LNG and Diesel in RDE tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Wojciech Gis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Emission Norm ◽  
Evaluation Algorithm ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
Urban Bus

Abstract The article compares the exhaust emissions in road conditions of city buses: LNG and Diesel. Both buses met the Euro VI exhaust emission norm. The current strong drive to diversify fuels in Poland and the creation of a large gas port in Świnoujście for LNG imports creates an excellent opportunity to use this fuel, also in road transport. Therefore, the attempt to identify the emission in operation, in first place possible applications, i.e. an LNG bus, comparatively with the emission of a Diesel bus. The operational research carried out concerned such a bus and has not yet been carried out in the country, hence their innovation, also methodological. The conducted research, in particular, was aimed at verifying differences in exhaust emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The study was carried out on one urban bus route performing trips on consecutive days in similar environmental conditions. The performed tests were not strictly type approval tests but only used for comparative purposes. Hence, it was necessary to determine the compliance factor for the relevant exhaust gas substances, with the use of an evaluation algorithm based on measurement windows. Based on these results, the assumption regarding compliance with the emission requirements for the tested buses was verified in real traffic conditions. The exhaust emission values (emission indicators) determined in this way did not exceed the permissible emission limit values for carbon monoxide, while for nitrogen oxides and non-methane hydrocarbons certain exceedances were found.

scholarly journals Analysis of exhaust emission measurements in rural conditions from heavy-duty vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ziółkowski ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽  
Emission Norm ◽  
Test Route

Road transport holds for the largest share in the freight transport sector in Europe. This work is carried out by heavy vehicles of various types. It is assumed that, in principle, transport should take place on the main road connections, such as motorways or national roads. Their share in the polish road infrastructure is not dominant. Rural and communal roads roads are the most prevalent. This fact formed the basis of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests of heavy vehicles in real operating conditions. A set of vehicles (truck tractor with a semi-trailer) meeting the Euro V emission norm, transporting a load of 24,800 kg, was selected for the tests. The research was carried out on an non-urban route, the test route length was 22 km. A mobile Semtech DS instrument was used, which was used to measure the exhaust emissions. Based on the obtained results, the emission characteristics were determined in relation to the operating parameters of the vehicles drive system. Road emission, specific emission and fuel consumption values were also calculated.

scholarly journals THE PARAMETERS OF PASSENGER CARS ENGINE IN TERMS OF REAL DRIVE EMISSION TEST

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Agnieszka Merkisz-Guranowska ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Certification Tests ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
Real Traffic

This paper presents the preliminary concept research to develop the test used in the measurement of emissions in real traffic conditions for passenger vehicles. Work based on the lack of legal solutions for determining the environmental performance of light vehicles – as opposed to heavy-duty vehicles for which such regulations have specified. The elaboration is to compare the emission test used in clinical approval of passenger cars, while the synthesis of the results obtained under different conditions road tests. The intention is to develop a test for assessing the ecological vehicle in real traffic conditions, where restrictions will only drive type (gasoline engine, diesel engine, hybrid vehicle), which is consistent with the requirements of the certification tests. The result should be the foundation for the development of the test in terms of: the duration, to determine the operating conditions and vehicle and proposals for emission limit values.

scholarly journals The influence of the driving style according to the principles of eco-driving on the emission of toxic substances from a light utility vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Maciej Andrzejewski ◽  
Mateusz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Utility Vehicle ◽  
Real Traffic

The article presents the results of measurements of exhaust emissions of commercial vehicle in real traffic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine how the driving style affects on the exhaust emissions from vehicle engine. The determinants were the measurements of the concentration of main toxic substances emitted to the atmosphere from the power unit of the tested vehicle. In the measurements a portable exhaust emission analyzer was used (PEMS type).

The On-Road Exhaust Emissions from Vehicles Fitted with the Start-Stop System

2013 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Pawel Fuc ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Andrzej Ziolkowski
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Utility Vehicle

The paper describes the influence of the start-stop system on the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. The tests were performed for two vehicles. The first one was a vehicle designed specifically to operate in city conditions. It was fitted with a gasoline engine of the displacement of 0.9 dm3 and maximum power output of 63.7 kW. The other vehicle was an SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) fitted with a diesel engine of the displacement of 3.0 dm3. The measurements of the exhaust emission were carried out on the same route under actual traffic conditions. For the tests a portable exhaust emissions analyzer from the PEMS group SEMTECH DS was used (PEMS Portable Emissions Measurement System).

scholarly journals Particulates mass and number emission from hybrid vehicle in RDE test

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Barbara Sokolnicka ◽  
Maciej Sieldecki ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Mateusz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Particle Sizer

The subject of this article is the analysis of the particle number and mass road emission from a hybrid vehicle in real operating conditions. Additionally, the operating conditions of the tested vehicle and engine were also analyzed. To this end, particulate emissions and performance tests were carried out from a light hybrid vehicle, equipped with a 77 kW engine with a displacement of 1.58 dm3. The tests were conducted in real traffic conditions, following the standard RDE (Real Driving Emission) procedure. The test was performed within the Poznań agglomeration, the route included roads with different maxi-mum speed limits. The research involved the use of mobile measuring equipment, belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) group, which included equipment such as: SEMTECH DS, AVL MSS (Micro Soot Sensor) and EEPS 3090 (Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer). The results obtained have been referred to the vehicle exhaust emission limit values in accordance with the Euro 6 norm.

scholarly journals Research on Exhaust Emissions in Dynamic Operating States of a Combustion Engine in a Real Driving Emissions Test

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5684
Author(s):  
Monika Andrych-Zalewska ◽  
Zdzislaw Chlopek ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Negative Acceleration ◽  
Vehicle Acceleration ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Dynamic States

The paper describes the method of investigations of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under operation classified in terms of its dynamic states. In this paper, the engine operating states are determined through the vehicle driving under actual traffic conditions in the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. Based on the recorded tracings of the vehicle velocity, the engine states were classified as static for the acceleration of the absolute value lower than the adopted classification limit. Besides, the authors analyzed the engine operating states for the positive as well as negative acceleration. For the adopted engine operating states, zero-dimensional characteristics of the emission intensity for individual exhaust components were determined (average value, coefficient of variation). The influence of the analyzed operating states on the emission of individual exhaust components was assessed. The greatest increase in the intensity of the emission of nitrogen oxides was observed for the positive vehicle acceleration model and the lowest (also for the nitrogen oxides) for the negative vehicle acceleration. On average, the greatest increase in the emission intensity of pollutants and the intensity of particle number occurred for the dynamic states of the engine corresponding to positive acceleration. The conclusions from the performed investigations entitle the authors to propose a greater allowance for the exhaust emission-related criteria in the engine control algorithms.

scholarly journals Reducing the Negative Impact of Public Transport on the Environment by Using CNG as a Fuel / Ograniczenie Negatywnego Wpływu Komunikacji Miejskiej Na Środowisko Naturalne Poprzez Zastosowanie CNG Jako Paliwa

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Paweł Fuc ◽  
Maciej Bajerlein ◽  
Michał Dobrzynski ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper presents the results of emission research city buses fueled by compressed natural gas and diesel. The exhaust emission tests were performed under actual traffic conditions on a regular bus line. For the measurement was used a mobile exhaust analyzer for the group of PEMS - SEMTECH DS by Sensors Inc. Based on the obtained of the result the test determined the impact of applied compressed natural gas to reduce exhaust emissions for a vehicle fueled by diesel.

scholarly journals On-road exhaust emission testing

2011 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Jerzy MERKISZ
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Machinery Construction ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Emission Testing ◽  
Important Trend

The paper presents the reasons behind on-road vehicle exhaust emission testing. The latest legislation has been presented in the paper applicable in the EU as well as the research potential of the Institute of Combustion Engines and Transport of Poznan University of Technology. The presentation of the results of the on-road tests pertains to passenger vehicles, buses and non-road machinery (construction machinery, tractors) and aircraft. The comparison of the exhaust emissions from different means of transport under real traffic conditions constitutes an important trend included in the normative legislation related to exhaust emissions

scholarly journals Measurement of rail vehicles exhaust emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalina Kamińska ◽  
Daniel Kołodziejek ◽  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Rafał Grzeszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Exhaust Fumes

The exhaust emission standards in force in various parts of the world for off-road vehicles are becoming more and more stringent. Therefore, research on the compounds of harmful exhaust fumes emitted by vehicles of this category is constantly being researched and activities aimed at limiting them are constantly being carried out. The basic problem in terms of measuring exhaust emissions is the approval tests of traction vehicles, which are carried out on engine dynamome-ters. Therefore, it is impossible to obtain reliable results concerning their actual impact on the natural environment. It is therefore advisable to carry out the tests in real operation conditions, as is the case for road vehicles for which RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests are carried out. The latest Stage V emission standards push for the introduction of this type of test, but no limit values for toxic exhaust gases have been established and no test guidelines have been defined for as-sessing actual emissions. This article describes the issues related to the legislative guidelines for non-road vehicles in force in Europe, as well as the measurement tools used, such as mobile equipment for measuring emissions of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) and newly developed emission gates.

Cargo Transport by Sea and Road--Technical and Economic Environmental Factors

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
Hans Otto Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Energy Unit

This paper presents the background for a method of calculating the energy demand for different ship types using only a relatively few, but important parameters. It is an empirical method, based on a statistical analysis of the main parameters of different ship types in order to establish representative relationships between the cargo capacity and the ship's main dimensions. On this basis, it has been possible to calculate the necessary propulsive power by using well-established empirical power prediction methods (Guldhammer & Harvald 1974, Oossanen 1980, Insel & Molland 1992). By combining the statistical analysis with a subsequent power prediction, it has been possible to develop a method which can calculate the energy consumption as a function of only three general parameters, namely the size of the ship (more precisely the capacity), the ship's speed and the average cargo utilization. Having established a method for the calculation of the ship's energy demand, it is relatively simple to calculate the exhaust emissions by using some well-established specific emission factors, i.e., figures for the exhaust emission per consumed energy unit (g/MJ). In the paper, a comparison with road transport is also presented, focusing on the energy demand and exhaust emissions per transport unit, i.e., per ton cargo per km. Finally, the energy and emission data are used for an economical evaluation of sea transport versus land transport. This is done by calculating the external costs to society caused by the negative effect of the different modes of transportation, i.e., costs due to air pollution, noise, accidents and congestion, which in total cover most of the external transport costs.

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