Rare-earth doped radioluminescent hydrogel as a potential phantom material for 3D gel dosimeter

Abstract Cancer prevention and treatment are currently the focus of most research. Dose verification is an important step for reducing the improper dose deposition during radiotherapy. To mend the traditional gel dosimeters for 3D dose verification, a novel rare-earth nanoparticle-based composite gel was prepared, which has good radioluminescence property and reusability. It is a promising phantom material for the new 3D gel dosimeter. TEM, DLS, FT-IR, TGA, and spectrofluorometer were used to determine the chemical structure, micromorphology, and optical performance. Compared to the traditional gel dosimeters, the composite gel has a good linear relationship between the light intensity excited by X-ray and the tube current. Furthermore, it may measure the dose distribution immediately in situ, which reduces errors and saves time. This work provides a new idea for the research of 3D gel dosimeters and promotes the safe and effective use of radiotherapy.

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Effective Use of Molecular Recognition in Gas Sensing: Results from Acoustic Wave and in Situ FT-IR Measurements

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac981311j ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 71 (15) ◽

pp. 3022-3035 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Andreas Hierlemann ◽

Antonio J. Ricco ◽

Karl Bodenhöfer ◽

Wolfgang Göpel

Keyword(s):

Molecular Recognition ◽

Acoustic Wave ◽

Gas Sensing ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Effective Use

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FT-IR microspectroscopic analysis of diseased white matter brain tissues

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141214 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 968-969

Author(s):

Steven M. Le Vine ◽

David L. Wetzel

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Twitcher Mouse ◽

Grid Pattern ◽

Marked Contrast ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Microspectroscopy ◽

Chemical Evidence

In situ FT-IR microspectroscopy has allowed spatially resolved interrogation of different parts of brain tissue. In previous work the spectrrscopic features of normal barin tissue were characterized. The white matter, gray matter and basal ganglia were mapped from appropriate peak area measurements from spectra obtained in a grid pattern. Bands prevalent in white matter were mostly associated with the lipid. These included 2927 and 1469 cm-1 due to CH2 as well as carbonyl at 1740 cm-1. Also 1235 and 1085 cm-1 due to phospholipid and galactocerebroside, respectively (Figs 1and2). Localized chemical changes in the white matter as a result of white matter diseases have been studied. This involved the documentation of localized chemical evidence of demyelination in shiverer mice in which the spectra of white matter lacked the marked contrast between it and gray matter exhibited in the white matter of normal mice (Fig. 3).The twitcher mouse, a model of Krabbe’s desease, was also studied. The purpose in this case was to look for a localized build-up of psychosine in the white matter caused by deficiencies in the enzyme responsible for its breakdown under normal conditions.

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Synthetic zircon doped with hafnium and rare earth elements: A reference material for in situ hafnium isotope analysis

Chemical Geology ◽

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.013 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 286 (1-2) ◽

pp. 32-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Christopher M. Fisher ◽

John M. Hanchar ◽

Scott D. Samson ◽

Bruno Dhuime ◽

Janne Blichert-Toft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Reference Material ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Isotope Analysis

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Safe and Effective Use of Ozone as Air and Surface Disinfectant in the Conjuncture of Covid-19

Gases ◽

10.3390/gases1010002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19-32

Author(s):

Elena Grignani ◽

Antonella Mansi ◽

Renato Cabella ◽

Paola Castellano ◽

Angelo Tirabasso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Molecules ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Emergency Situation ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Public Places ◽

Safety Measures ◽

Effective Use

The present paper extrapolates quantitative data for ozone virucidal activity on the basis of the available scientific literature data for a safe and effective use of ozone in the appropriate cases and to explore the safety measures developed under the stimulus of the current emergency situation. Ozone is a powerful oxidant reacting with organic molecules, and therefore has bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal actions. At the same time, it is a toxic substance, having adverse effects on health and safety. Its use is being proposed for the disinfection of workplaces’ and public places’ atmosphere, and for disposable masks and personal protective equipment disinfection for reuse, with particular reference to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Ozone can be generated in situ by means of small, compact ozone generators, using dried ambient air as a precursor. It should be injected into the room that is to be disinfected until the desired ozone concentration is reached; after the time needed for the disinfection, its concentrations must be reduced to the levels required for the workers’ safety. The optimal use of ozone is for air and surface disinfection without human presence, using a concentration that is effective for the destruction of viruses, but not high enough to deteriorate materials.

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Start-up Strategies for Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) in In-Situ Nitrogen Removal from Polluted Groundwater in Rare Earth Mining Areas

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4591

Author(s):

Shuanglei Huang ◽

Daishe Wu

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Ex Situ ◽

High Concentration ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Start Up ◽

Anammox Activity

The tremendous input of ammonium and rare earth element (REE) ions released by the enormous consumption of (NH4)2SO4 in in situ leaching for ion-adsorption RE mining caused serious ground and surface water contamination. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was a sustainable in situ technology that can reduce this nitrogen pollution. In this research, in situ, semi in situ, and ex situ method of inoculation that included low-concentration (0.02 mg·L−1) and high-concentration (0.10 mg·L−1) lanthanum (La)(III) were adopted to explore effective start-up strategies for starting up anammox reactors seeded with activated sludge and anammox sludge. The reactors were refrigerated for 30 days at 4 °C to investigate the effects of La(III) during a period of low-temperature. The results showed that the in situ and semi in situ enrichment strategies with the addition of La(III) at a low-concentration La(III) addition (0.02 mg·L−1) reduced the length of time required to reactivate the sludge until it reached a state of stable anammox activity and high nitrogen removal efficiency by 60–71 days. The addition of La(III) promoted the formation of sludge floc with a compact structure that enabled it to resist the adverse effects of low temperature and so to maintain a high abundance of AnAOB and microbacterial community diversity of sludge during refrigeration period. The addition of La(III) at a high concentration caused the cellular percentage of AnAOB to decrease from 54.60 ± 6.19% to 17.35 ± 6.69% during the enrichment and reduced nitrogen removal efficiency to an unrecoverable level to post-refrigeration.

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Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Sonically Prepared Cu–Y, Cu–USY and Cu–ZSM-5 Catalysts for SCR deNOx

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11070824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 824

Author(s):

Przemysław J. Jodłowski ◽

Izabela Czekaj ◽

Patrycja Stachurska ◽

Łukasz Kuterasiński ◽

Lucjan Chmielarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽

Active Phase ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

In Situ Drifts ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies

The objective of our study was to prepare Y-, USY- and ZSM-5-based catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis, followed by copper active-phase deposition by either conventional ion-exchange or ultrasonic irradiation. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, Raman, UV-Vis, monitoring ammonia and nitrogen oxide sorption by FT-IR and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). XRD data confirmed the purity and structure of the Y/USY or ZSM-5 zeolites. The nitrogen and ammonia sorption results indicated that the materials were highly porous and acidic. The metallic active phase was found in the form of cations in ion-exchanged zeolites and in the form of nanoparticle metal oxides in sonochemically prepared catalysts. The latter showed full activity and high stability in the SCR deNOx reaction. The faujasite-based catalysts were fully active at 200–400 °C, whereas the ZSM-5-based catalysts reached 100% activity at 400–500 °C. Our in situ DRIFTS experiments revealed that Cu–O(NO) and Cu–NH3 were intermediates, also indicating the role of Brønsted sites in the formation of NH4NO3. Furthermore, the results from our experimental in situ spectroscopic studies were compared with DFT models. Overall, our findings suggest two possible mechanisms for the deNOx reaction, depending on the method of catalyst preparation (i.e., conventional ion-exchange vs. ultrasonic irradiation).

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Synthesis of Poly(methacrylic acid-co-butyl acrylate) Grafted onto Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13040533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 533 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Josué A. Torres-Ávalos ◽

Leonardo R. Cajero-Zul ◽

Milton Vázquez-Lepe ◽

Fernando A. López-Dellamary ◽

Antonio Martínez-Richa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Methacrylic Acid ◽

Butyl Acrylate ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Ir And Raman Spectroscopies ◽

Ft Ir

Design of a smart drug delivery system is a topic of current interest. Under this perspective, polymer nanocomposites (PNs) of butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTsf) were synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization (IEP). Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and purified with steam. Purified CNTs were analyzed by FE-SEM and HR-TEM. CNTsf contain acyl chloride groups attached to their surface. Purified and functionalized CNTs were studied by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies. The synthesized nanocomposites were studied by XPS, 13C-NMR, and DSC. Anhydride groups link CNTsf to MAA–BA polymeric chains. The potentiality of the prepared nanocomposites, and of their pure polymer matrices to deliver hydrocortisone, was evaluated in vitro by UV–VIS spectroscopy. The relationship between the chemical structure of the synthesized nanocomposites, or their pure polymeric matrices, and their ability to release hydrocortisone was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. The hydrocortisone release profile of some of the studied nanocomposites is driven by a change in the inter-associated to self-associated hydrogen bonds balance. The CNTsf used to prepare the studied nanocomposites act as hydrocortisone reservoirs.

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In-Situ Formation of Samarium Methacrylate Rare Earth Complex for Improvement of the Durable Sealing Resilience of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber as a Sealing Material

Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B ◽

10.1080/00222348.2021.1919403 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Zun Yuan ◽

Chengjie Li ◽

Lin Ye

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Complex ◽

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽

Ethylene Propylene ◽

Sealing Material ◽

In Situ Formation

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Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR Characterization of Active Sites under Reaction Conditions: The Production of Oxygenates in the CO/H2 Reaction

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702944027345 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1208-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. J. Benítez ◽

I. Carrizosa ◽

J. A. Odriozola

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectra ◽

Active Sites ◽

Diffuse Reflectance ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

In Situ Drifts ◽

Ft Ir

The reactivity of a Lu2O3-promoted Rh/Al2O3 catalyst in the CO/H2 reaction is reported. Methane, heavier hydrocarbons, methanol, and ethanol are obtained. In situ DRIFTS has been employed to record the infrared spectra under the actual reaction conditions. The structure of the observed COads DRIFTS bands has been resolved into its components. The production of oxygenates (methanol and ethanol) has been correlated with the results of the deconvolution calculation. Specific sites for the production of methanol and ethanol in the CO/H2 reaction over a Rh,Lu2O3/Al2O3 catalyst are proposed.

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