The effect of isothermal crystallization on mechanical properties of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)

Abstract The effects of isothermal crystallization temperature/time on mechanical properties of bio-based polyester poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) were investigated. The intrinsic viscosity, crystallization properties, thermal properties, and microstructure of PEF were characterized using ubbelohde viscometer, X-ray diffraction, polarizing optical microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The PEF sample isothermal crystallized at various temperatures for various times was denoted as PEF-T-t. The results showed that the isothermal crystallization temperature affected the mechanical properties of PEF-T-30 by simultaneously affecting its crystallization properties and intrinsic viscosity. The isothermal crystallization time only affected the crystallization properties of PEF-110-t. The crystallinity of PEF-110-40 was 17.1%. With small crystal size, poor regularity, and α′-crystal, PEF-110-40 can absorb the energy generated in the tensile process to the maximum extent. Therefore, the best mechanical properties can be obtained for PEF-110-40 with the tensile strength of 43.55 MPa, the tensile modulus of 1,296 MPa, and the elongation at a break of 13.36%.

Download Full-text

The Melting Behavior of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/ Attapulgite Nanocomposites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.530 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 773 ◽

pp. 530-533

Author(s):

Chen Liu ◽

Xiang Hui Lu ◽

Xue Qi ◽

Peng Li

Keyword(s):

Crystallization Temperature ◽

Isothermal Crystallization ◽

Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Melting Process ◽

Melting Behavior ◽

Crystallization Time ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Crystallization From The Melt

The melting and recrystallization behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/ Attapulgite(At)nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization from the melt was studied by Step-scan differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC). The influence of At contents, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the melting process were examined. Two melting endotherms(in the SDSC CP.A curves, reversible part) and one recrystallization exotherm (in the SDSC CP.IsoK curves, irreversible part)of PET/At nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization were observed during the melt process. This ascribes to the melting-recrystallization mechanism .The low temperature endotherm attributes to the melting of primary crystal formed during the isothermal treating and the high temperature endotherm resulting from the melting of recrystallization materials. The reason why more recrystallization happened with the increase of At content was given and the process of recrystallization was described in detail. The effects of crystal perfection and recrystallization were minimized by increasing of crystallization temperature and time.

Download Full-text

The Melting and Recrystallization Behavior of Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)/SiO2 Nanocomposites Studied by Step-Scan DSC

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.69 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 87-88 ◽

pp. 69-73

Author(s):

Chen Liu ◽

Kang Zheng ◽

Xia Yin Yao ◽

Xian Zhang ◽

Xiang Lan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystallization Temperature ◽

Isothermal Crystallization ◽

Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Melting Process ◽

Crystallization Time ◽

Recrystallization Behavior ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Sio2 Nanocomposites ◽

Poly Ethylene

The melting and recrystallization behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/SiO2 nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization from the melt was studied by Step-scan differential scanning calorimetry (SDSC). The influence of SiO2 contents, crystallization temperature and crystallization time on the melting process were examined. Two melting endotherms(in the SDSC CP.A curves, reversible part) and one recrystallization exotherm (in the SDSC CP.IsoK curves, irreversible part)of PET/SiO2 nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization were observed during the melt process. This ascribes to the melting-recrystallization mechanism .The low temperature endotherm attributes to the melting of primary crystal formed during the isothermal treating and the high temperature endotherm resulting from the melting of recrystallization materials. The reason why more recrystallization happened with the increase of SiO2 content was given and the process of recrystallization was described in detail. The effects of crystal perfection and recrystallization were minimized by increasing of crystallization temperature and time.

Download Full-text

Crystallization, structural and mechanical properties of PA6/PC/NBR ternary blends: effect of NBR-g-GMA compatibilizer and organoclay

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2015-0185 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 669-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masoumeh Delkash ◽

Ghasem Naderi ◽

Razi Sahraieyan ◽

Elnaz Esmizadeh

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Ternary Blend ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Ternary Blends ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

The Impact

AbstractTernary blends based on polyamide 6 (PA6)/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)/polycarbonate (PC) were prepared by melt compounding via extrusion process. The effect of organoclay (OC), compatibilizer, and blend ratio was investigated on structural and mechanical properties of the blend. The effect of OC and compatibilizer studied on crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity of PA6/NBR/PC ternary blends was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Improvement in the crystal structure of compatibilized blend compared to unfilled blend was observed by polarized optical microscope. Dispersion of OC into PA6/NBR/PC ternary blends was done by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray. The results confirmed the exfoliation of OC particles into the polymer matrix. The improvement in yield stress and tensile modulus of the ternary blend was observed in the presence of OC. The impact strength showed an increase using NBR-glycidyl methacrylate-grafted (g-GMA) to prepare compatibilized PA6/NBR/PC ternary blend.

Download Full-text

Mechanical and microstructural properties of polystyrene based composites: positron lifetime spectroscopic and DSC studies

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng.2011.021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (2-3) ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Mohammed Ali Mohammed Altaweel ◽

Jaya Madhu Raj ◽

Malalvalli Nagarajaiah Chandrashekara ◽

Puttegowda Ramya ◽

Parthasarathy Sampathkumaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Free Volume ◽

Positron Lifetime ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Silica Content ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Dsc Studies ◽

Microstructural Property ◽

Calcium Aluminosilicate

Abstract Polystyrene (PS) based composites respectively with cenosphere (CS) and calcium aluminosilicate (CAS) as fillers were studied using the positron lifetime technique to reveal the correlation between free volume, a microstructural property, and mechanical properties of the composites (tensile strength and tensile modulus). The thermal stability of the composites was determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that addition of CAS filler lead to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the composite, whereas addition of CS resulted in improvement in tensile modulus only. Both PS/CAS and PS/CS composites showed enhancement in thermal stability compared with that of the pure PS matrix. The positron results showed that the average free volume size for the PS/CAS composite (at 40 phr CAS) was reduced significantly compared with that of the pure PS. These results are understood in terms of the influence of silica content, filler-matrix interaction, and particle size.

Download Full-text

Physico Chemical Characterization of Nanofibrous Poly(Ε-Caprolactone) Electrospun Templates for Cell Adhesion

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (49) ◽

pp. 2689-2694

Author(s):

Karla A. Gaspar-Ovalle ◽

Juan V. Cauich-Rodriguez ◽

Armando Encinas

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Water Contact ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Static Water

ABSTRACTNanofibrous mats of poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) were fabricated by electrospinning. The nanofiber structures were investigated and characterized by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, static water-contact-angle analysis and mechanical properties. The results showed that the nanofibrous PCL is an ideal biopolymer for cell adhesion, owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, structural stability and mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the fibrous structure of PCL does not alter its crystallinity. Studies of the mechanical properties, wettability and degradability showed that the structure of the electrospun PCL improved the tensile modulus, tensile strength, wettability and biodegradability of the nanotemplates. To evaluate the nanofibrous structure of PCL on cell adhesion, osteoblasts cells were seeded on these templates. The results showed that both adhesion and proliferation of the cells is viable on these electrospun PCL membranes. Thus electrospinning is a relatively inexpensive and scalable manufacturing technique for submicron to nanometer diameter fibers, which can be of interest in the commodity industry.

Download Full-text

Wear Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Fibers Filled with Inorganic Fillers

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-977-0977-ff12-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 977 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Toshihira Irisawa ◽

Masatoshi Shioya ◽

Haruki Kobayashi ◽

Junichi Kaneko

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Nylon 6 ◽

Polymeric Fibers ◽

Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

The Matrix ◽

Pet Fibers ◽

Inorganic Fillers ◽

Poly Ethylene

AbstractThe wear resistance and the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composite fibers filled with inorganic fillers have been investigated in order to find out the way to increase the wear resistance of the fibers without losing tensile modulus and strength. Nylon 6 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) have been used as the matrix polymer and aluminum borate whisker and carbon nanotube have been used as the fillers. The wear resistance of the fibers has been evaluated by observing the fiber cross section after the side of the fiber was worn using a rotating drum covered with abrasive paper. The wear resistance of the nylon 6 and PET fibers was increased by the addition of these fillers without the loss of tensile modulus and strength. The effects of the addition of the fillers on the wear resistance have been compared with the effects of stretching and heat treatment of the fibers.

Download Full-text

The effect of hybrid nanoparticle with silica sol as the supporter on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2014-0243 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 565-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juan Li ◽

Shuhao Qin ◽

Wentao He ◽

Yushu Xiang ◽

Qin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Isotactic Polypropylene ◽

Crystallization Behavior ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Silica Sol ◽

Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽

Hybrid Particles ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Chemical Action ◽

Time Dynamic

Abstract Colloidal dispersions of hybrid nanoparticles with silica sol as the supporter (PKSol) were prepared by supporting aromatic phosphate on silica sol via a chemical action with γ-aminopropyltrimethylsilane (KH550) as a linker in wet process for the first time. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated that hybrid nanoparticles with an average size of about 200 nm were formed and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of the ultrafine silica sols within the hybrid particles, which exhibited “currant-bun” particle morphologies, rather than typical “core-shell” structures for most polymer-encapsulated silica particles. Compared to aromatic phosphate alone and silane-modified silica sol, the effect of PKSol on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated using a polarized optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that PKSol showed superior nucleating ability on iPP than the other two. After adding 0.2 wt% PKSol, the crystallization peak temperature of iPP increased from 116.35°C to 120.81°C and the crystallinity increased from 39.6% to 50%. Correspondingly, the haze decreased from 37.6% to 23.3% and mechanical properties were improved.

Download Full-text

Melting temperature versus crystallinity: new way for identification and analysis of multiple endotherms of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Journal of Polymer Research ◽

10.1007/s10965-020-02327-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Ferenc Ronkay ◽

Béla Molnár ◽

Dóra Nagy ◽

Györgyi Szarka ◽

Béla Iván ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Melting Temperature ◽

Crystallization Temperature ◽

Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Primary Crystallization ◽

Crystallization Time ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Peak Set

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) materials with different molecular weights were isothermally crystallized from melt by systematically varying the temperature and duration of the treatment performed in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Multiple endotherm peaks were observed on the subsequent heating thermograms that were separated from each other on the basis of their melting temperature versus crystallization temperature and melting temperature versus crystallinity function. By this new approach five sub-peak sets were identified and then comprehensively characterised. Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD) analyses revealed that the identified sub-peak sets do not differ in crystalline forms. By analysing the crystallinity and the melting temperature of the sub-peak sets as a function of crystallization time, crystallization temperature and intrinsic viscosity, it was concluded that below the crystallization temperature of 460 K the sub-peak sets that were formed during primary or secondary crystallization transform partially or completely to a third sub-peak set during the heating run of the measurement, while above this temperature, the sub-peak set formed during primary crystallization gradually transforms to a more stable structure, with higher melting temperature. These formations and transformations are described with mathematically defined parameters as well.

Download Full-text

DEA and DSC study of cubic silsesquioxane epoxy resin nanocomposites

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2006.6.1.99 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Newton Luiz Dias Filho ◽

Hermes Adolfo de Aquino

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Activation Energy ◽

Fracture Toughness ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Loss Factor ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Dielectric Analysis ◽

Epoxy Nanocomposites ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

AbstractNon-isothermal dielectric analysis (DEA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to study the epoxy nanocomposites prepared by reacting 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octa[dimethylsiloxypropylglycidylether] pentaciclo [9.5.1.13,9.15,15 .17,13] octasilsesquioxane (ODPG) with methylenedianiline (MDA). Loss factor (ε”) and activation energy were calculated by DEA. The relationships between the loss factor, the activation energy, the structure of the network, and the mechanical properties were investigated. Activation energies determined by DEA and DSC, heat of polymerization, fracture toughness and tensile modulus show the same profile for mechanical properties with respect to ODPG content.

Download Full-text

Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of polypropylene/zinc oxide composites

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2014-0078 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 505-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianqiang Fang ◽

Minghua Lang ◽

Xuchu Ye ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Kongjun Zhu

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Isothermal Crystallization ◽

Crystallization Behavior ◽

Crystallization Kinetic ◽

Exothermic Peak ◽

Crystallization Time ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Relative Crystallinity ◽

Oxide Composites

AbstractThe non-isothermal crystallization behavior of polypropylene (PP)/zinc oxide composites with various mass ratios was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The Jeziorny and Mo models were applied to calculate the non-isothermal crystallization kinetic parameters of the composites. During non-isothermal crystallization, the width of the exothermic peak increased from 7°C to 12°C with increasing cooling rate. The exothermic peak position at 10°C shifted to a lower temperature, and the half crystallization time t1/2 decreased from 2.86 min to 0.51 min. The Friedman model was used to determine the variation of activation energy at each stage of crystallization. The crystallization activation energies obtained varied significantly at each stage of crystallization. The crystallization activation energy of PP was -126.8 kJ/mol at 70% relative crystallinity but reached -232.8 kJ/mol at 10% relative crystallinity.

Download Full-text