Modification of styrene polymer by attaching suitable groups as side chain

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Mahkam ◽  
Bakhshali Massoumi ◽  
Hossien Mirfatahi
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Azide Ion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Commercial Polymers ◽  
Polymerization Method ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Dimethyl Acetylene Dicarboxylate

AbstractChemical modification of inexpensive commercial polymers, such as styrene, is a safe methodology to obtain new copolymers. The 4-chloromethyl styrene (CMS) was copolymerized with styrene (in various mole ratios) by free radical polymerization method at 70 ºC using α,α-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator. The azide ion was covalently attached to the obtained copolymers with replacement of all the chlorine atoms in CMS units. The 1,3-dipolar click cycloaddition reaction between azido polymers and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD) yielded polymers with 1,2,3-triazoles in side chain. The polymers, obtained in quantitative yields, were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and GPC studies. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the thermal stability of copolymers increases with incorporation of 1,2,3-triazole groups in side chains of copolymers.

scholarly journals Synthesis and antioxidant properties of 2-(3-(hydroxyimino)methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandravadivelu Gopi ◽  
Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Phenyl Rings ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Background The main aim of this work was to synthesise a novel N-(substituted phenyl)-2-(3-(hydroxyimino) methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl) acetamide derivatives and evaluate their antioxidant activity. These compounds were prepared by a condensation reaction between 1H-indole carbaldehyde oxime and 2-chloro acetamide derivatives. The newly synthesised compound structures were characterised by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the above-mentioned compounds were screened for antioxidant activity by using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Result The antioxidant activity result reveals that most of the compounds were exhibiting considerable activity in both methods and the values are very closer to the standards. Among the synthesised compounds, compound 3j, 3a and 3k were shown remarkable activity at low concentration. Conclusion Compounds 3j, 3a and 3k were shown highest activity among the prepared analogues due to the attachment of halogens connected at the appropriate place in the phenyl ring. Hence, these substituted phenyl rings considered as a perfect side chain for the indole nucleus for the development of the new antioxidant agents.

Synthesis of biomass based plasticizer from linoleic acid and cardanol for preparing durable PVC material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Chu ◽  
Huabei Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Yaowang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Migration Resistance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract In this paper, we synthesized a kind of bio-based plasticizer epoxidized linoleic acid cardanol ester(ELCE) from cardanol and linoleic acid. Its chemical structure was characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. Polyvinyl chloride(PVC) blends plasticized with ELCE were prepared via thermoplastic blending with torque rheometer. The performance including torque, mechanical property, thermal stability, plasticizing property and migration resistance of plasticized PVC blends were investigated and compared with plasticized PVC blends with commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate(DOP). The results showed that ELCE improved thermal stability of PVC blends. ELCE played more excellent plasticizing effect on PVC blends than DOP. The better solvent extraction resistance and volatile resistance of ELCE make it impossible to completely replace DOP in PVC products.

Enhanced Thermal Stability of Esterified Lignin in Different Solvent Mediums

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifah Nurul Ain Syed Hashim ◽  
Sarani Zakaria ◽  
Chin Hua Chia ◽  
Sharifah Nabihah Syed Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Aqueous Alkaline Solution ◽  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this study, soda alkali lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB-AL) and kenaf core (KC-AL) are esterified with maleic anhydride under two different conditions, namely i) pyridine at temperature of 120°C for 3h and ii) aqueous alkaline solution at room temperature for 4h. As a result, the weight percentage gain (WPG) of the esterified EFB-AL (EFB-EL) and esterified KC-AL (KC-EL) in pyridine demonstrated a higher compared to aqueous alkaline solution. The FT-IR results of EFB-EL and KC-EL in both solvents exhibited some changes at the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, the esterification process induced the carboxylic peak to appear in both alkali lignin samples. The outcome is confirmed by conducting H-NMR analysis, which demonstrated ester and carboxylic acid peaks within the spectral analysis. Finally, the TGA results showed both EFB-EL and KC-EL that are exposed to aqueous alkaline actually possessed better thermal stability and higher activation energy (Ea) compared to the esterified samples in pyridine.

Side Chain Influence on Main Chain Orientation of PPV-Type Oligomers

1999 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Müllner ◽  
Laurence Noirez ◽  
Egbert Zojer ◽  
Franz Stelzer ◽  
Günther Leising
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Phenylene Vinylene ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Polarized Optical Microscopy ◽  
Chain Orientation ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir

ABSTRACTOligo (p-phenylene vinylene)s OPV were synthesized having cyanobiphenyloxy-groups bonded to the vinylene double bonds via alkylene spacers. A Pd(0)-reaction was used to synthesize the oligomers starting with the dibromo-substituted benzene and the alkenyloxy-biphenyl-nitrile. The orientation of the mesogens by a magnetic field and their influence on the orientation of the main chain was investigated by means of neutron diffraction ND. Data on the photophysics of the oligomers were gained using several spectroscopic methods such as UV/VIS, polarized optical microscopy POM, SEC, 1H-NMR, FT-IR.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Fluorinated Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Based on PEGMA, HEMA, and MMA via ATRP and CuAAC Click Chemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatime Eren Erol ◽  
Deniz Sinirlioglu ◽  
Sedat Cosgun ◽  
Ali Ekrem Muftuoglu
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Click Coupling

Synthesis of fluorinated amphiphilic block copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) was demonstrated. First, a PEGMA and MMA based block copolymer carrying multiple side-chain acetylene moieties on the hydrophobic segment for postfunctionalization was carried out. This involves the synthesis of a series of P(HEMA-co-MMA) random copolymers to be employed as macroinitiators in the controlled synthesis of P(HEMA-co-MMA)-block-PPEGMA block copolymers by using ATRP, followed by a modification step on the hydroxyl side groups of HEMA via Steglich esterification to afford propargyl side-functional polymer, alkyne-P(HEMA-co-MMA)-block-PPEGMA. Finally, click coupling between side-chain acetylene functionalities and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl azide yielded fluorinated amphiphilic block copolymers. The obtained polymers were structurally characterized by1H-NMR,19F-NMR, FT-IR, and GPC. Their thermal characterizations were performed using DSC and TGA.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Hyperbranched Poly(Diethynylbenzene-Silane)

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Yan Zou ◽  
Hui Min Qi ◽  
Mei Ling Xu ◽  
Fa Rong Huang ◽  
Lei Du
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Grignard Reagent ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Polycondensation Reaction ◽  
Degree Of Branching ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Hyperbranched Poly ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Hyperbranched poly(diethynylbenzene-silane) (hb-PDEBS) was synthesized through polycondensation reaction of diethynylbenzene Grignard reagent (A2) and trichlorosilane (B3), and its structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GPC and Elemental Analysis. The degree of branching of hb-PDEBS was defined by 29Si-NMR and calculated to be about 0.68. The curing behavior of hb-PDEBS was investigated by DSC. Thermal stability of cured hb-PDEBS was examined by TGA, and its residue at 1000°C under nitrogen was 80.6%. Hb-PDEBS displayed a strong absorption due to π-π* transition and exhibited the most intensity structured emission with a maximum around 500 nm.

Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester by Enzyme-Catalyzed

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Fen Juan Shao ◽  
Qun Yang ◽  
Lan Ying Li ◽  
Da Nian Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir

Unsaturated polyester was prepared with adipic acid (AA), fumaric acid (FA), itaconic acid (IA) and 1, 6-hexanediol (HD) by enzyme-catalyzed polmerization. The insoluble gel fraction (Qs), as the cross-linking degree of cured unsaturated polyesters which could be self-cross-linked at high temperature through C=C in it, was got by Soxhlet Extraction. The properties were investigated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, DSC, XRD and so on. The results indicated that the C=C in unsaturated diacids reduced the acitvity of N435, which affected the polmerization. With the introduction of C=C of IA or FA, the Mn of polyester reduced. The C=C could self-cross-link under high temperature for lengthy time. The higher the temperature and the longer the time, the Qs increased. As the C=C of IA was in the side chain, it could move easily. Then Qs of poly (AA-co-IA-co-HD) was higher than ploy (AA-co-FA-co-HD). With the increased content of unsaturated diacid, Qs increased. And the biodegradation of cross-linked polyesters became worse.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Styrene Bearing Diethanolamine Side Group, Styrene Copolymer Systems, and Their Metal Complexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslışah Açıkses ◽  
Necmittin Çömez ◽  
Fatih Biryan
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Side Group ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Polymerization Method

The two copolymer systems of styrene bearing diethanol amine side group and styrene were prepared by free radical polymerization method at 60°C in presence of 1,4-dioxane as solvent and AIBN as initiator. Their metal complexes were prepared by reaction of the copolymer used as ligand P(DEAMSt-co-St)L′′ and Ni(II) and Co(II) metal ions, which was carried out in presence of ethanol and NaOH at 65°C for 48 h in pH = 7.5. The structures of the copolymers used as ligand and metal complexes were identified by FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The properties of the copolymers used as ligand and metal complexes were characterized by SEM-EDX, AAS, DSC, TGA, and DTA techniques. Then, the electrical properties of the copolymers and metal complexes were examined as a function of the temperature and frequency, and the activation energies (Ea) were estimated with conductivity measurements.

Halogenated sunflower oil as a precursor for synthesis of polysulfide polymer

e-Polymers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Moqadam ◽  
Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Polysulfide Polymer

AbstractPolysulfide polymers usually are prepared by the reaction of different dihalide compounds with disodium polysulfides. In this field, dihalides are expensive and produced from halogenation of organic compounds by different methods with harsh conditions. To overcome this problem, in this work, sunflower oil as polyunsaturated oil was used as precursor to produce polyhalide compound. In this field, double bonds of oil were applied as functional groups to halogenate the sunflower via benzoyl peroxide-catalyzed reaction with hydrochloric acid. Also, Na2S3 was synthesized via the reaction between sulfur and sodium hydroxide. Then, halogenated oil was reacted with Na2S3 to produce sunflower oil-based polysulfide polymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) were used to characterize the structure of sunflower oil and synthesized polysulfide polymer. The content of halogenation was also obtained via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Thermal stability of synthesized polymer was determined by means of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and glass transition temperature was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Copolymer

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
Ting Xi Li ◽  
Yu Hua Zhao ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Cheng Qian Yuan ◽  
Quan Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract. Polyaniline (PANI) and p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA)-aniline copolymer were prepared via a same microemulsion method. The structures of the PANI and p-PDA-aniline copolymer were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）. The results revealed the difference of synthesis and characterization between PANI and p-PDA-aniline copolymer. It was shown that structure of the copolymer is almost similar to that of PANI, but the p-PDA-aniline copolymer has a better crystallization than PANI, and the thermal stability of the copolymer is higher than that of pure PANI.

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