Evaluating the progeny of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the early years of growth

Abstract This research was carried out on two experimental plots located in the Rymanów and Nawojowa forest districts. In the second and fifth year after planting, at three and six years of age respectively, survival and height of 25 beech progenies of selected seed stands were measured. Furthermore, we show the effect of beech origin and growth environment (significant ‘provenance × block’ and ‘provenance × test plot’ interactions). Beeches from both experimental plots differed significantly in growth and survival and this difference increased with tree age. The highest provenance heritability was obtained for the tree height after two years of growth in Rymanów. In Nawojowa, the heritability of beech survival reached zero after five years of growth. An evaluation of the stability of beech provenances (genotypes) in terms of survival and height under the habitat conditions of our experimental plots was done using the Finlay and Wilkinson method. The beech provenances of 469- Nawojowa and 452-Lesko (regional standard) were included as a stable basis for reference. A high degree of stability and high average values for the characteristics investigated indicate high progeny quality within these stands.

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Growth and Survival Variation among Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) Provenances

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2017/1904623 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Süleyman Gülcü ◽

Nebi Bilir

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Native Species ◽

Tree Height ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Black Pine ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Seed Sources ◽

Provenance Test

Tree height, basal diameter, and survival were examined in thirteen-year-old provenance test established by 30 seed sources of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) at two exotic sites of the species in Southern part of Turkey. Variations within provenance and among provenances and relations among the traits were estimated to compare Scots pine provenance and two other native species. Averages of tree height and basal diameter were 350 cm and 52.7 mm in Aydogmus site and 385 cm and 51.2 mm in Kemer site, respectively. There were large differences within and among provenances for the characters. Sites were similar (p>0.05) for the characters, while there were significant differences (p≤0.05) among provenances within site according to results of variance analysis (ANOVA). Scots pine provenances were higher and had more thickness than that of black pine (Pinus nigraArnold) and Taurus cedar (Cedrus libaniA. Rich.) which were natural species of the region. There were positive and significant (p<0.05) correlations between height and basal diameter in the species. Average survivals were 56% and 35% of the provenances in the sites. They were 71% and 11% in black pine and 53% in Taurus cedar for the sites respectively.

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Plasticity and stability of hybrid aspen clones in 14 field trials over Sweden, Finland and north-west Russia

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.2478/ffp-2021-0018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 176-182

Author(s):

Aleksey Fedorkov ◽

Lars-Göran Stener ◽

Pertti Pulkkinen

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Populus Tremuloides ◽

Tree Height ◽

Field Trials ◽

Height Growth ◽

Stability Parameter ◽

Hybrid Aspen ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

North West ◽

The Stability

Abstract The study aimed at estimating the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction, stability and plasticity parameters for height growth and survival of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones. A set of 17 hybrid aspen clones were studied at age four in 11 field trials (series 1) and a set of 12 clones were studied at age 12 in three field trials (series 2) in Sweden, Finland and north-west Russia. There was an intermediate and significant correlation between height ranks at four and 12 years, showing modest G × E interaction for tree height. The corresponding correlation for survival was weak and insignificant, indicating a stronger G × E interaction than for height. The stability parameter (S) for height showed large differences among clones. The plasticity index (PI) values for height ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 among clones, demonstrating high levels of phenotypic plasticity.

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Konkurrenz zwischen Stieleiche und Buche auf Lothar-Sturmflächen | Competition between pedunculate oak and European beech on Lothar windthrow areas

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2009.0114 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 160 (5) ◽

pp. 114-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniel Otto ◽

Sven Wagner ◽

Peter Brang

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Early Stage ◽

Tree Height ◽

European Beech ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Test Methods ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Pedunculate Oak ◽

Competitive Pressure ◽

Competition Index

The competitive pressure of naturally regenerated European beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings on planted pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) was investigated on two 1.8 ha permanent plots near Habsburg and Murten (Switzerland). The plots were established with the aim to test methods of artificial oak regeneration after large-scale windthrow. On both plots, 80 oaks exposed to varying levels of competitive pressure from at most 10 neighbouring beech trees were selected. The height of each oak as well as stem and branch diameters were measured. The competitive pressure was assessed using Schütz's competition index, which is based on relative tree height, crown overlap and distance from competing neighbours. Oak trees growing without or with only slight competition from beech were equally tall, while oaks exposed to moderate to strong competition were smaller. A threshold value for the competition index was found above which oak height decreased strongly. The stem and branch diameters of the oaks started to decrease even if the competition from beech was slight, and decreased much further with more competition. The oak stems started to become more slender even with only slight competition from beech. On the moderately acid beech sites studied here, beech grow taller faster than oak. Thus where beech is competing with oak and the aim is to maintain the oak, competitive pressure on the oak must be reduced at an early stage. The degree of the intervention should, however, take the individual competitive interaction into account, with more intervention if the competition is strong.

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Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae6040082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Amandeep Kaur ◽

Louise Ferguson ◽

Niels Maness ◽

Becky Carroll ◽

William Reid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Height ◽

The United States ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Tree Age ◽

The Us ◽

Nut Production ◽

Freeze Damage ◽

Terminal Buds ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact

Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.

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Differentiating mature and old-growth forests in the Upper Foothills and Subalpine Subregions of west-central Alberta

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc79602-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 602-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Luigi E Morgantini ◽

John L Kansas

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Growth Index ◽

Tree Height ◽

Tree Age ◽

Old Growth ◽

West Central ◽

Decay Class ◽

Management Area ◽

Growth Attributes ◽

Live Tree

Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. is developing harvest strategies that will maintain appropriate levels of late to very late seral stages ("old growth") in its Drayton Valley Forest Management Area. This management area encompasses 490 570 ha in the Foothills and Rocky Mountain Natural Regions of west-central Alberta. In planning for future forest landscapes, Weyerhaeuser intends to maintain a range of age structures consistent with the ecological processes characteristic of each natural region and subregion. The absence of a discrete point separating mature forest from old growth means that the age at which a stand is currently identified as "old growth" and subject to special management practices is arbitrary. In a research study initiated in the summer of 2000, we seek to understand the differences in structure and composition between forests of various ages and topographic site conditions (elevation, aspect, and slope angle). Using 95 sampling plots in a 123-km2 study area in the Upper Foothills and Subalpine Natural Subregions, we quantified vegetation structure and composition for stands ranging in age from 70 to 300 years. Variables measured and analysed included live-tree height and diameter, snag density, diameter and decay class, downed woody material volume, diameter and decay class, vascular plant species richness, sapling and regeneration density, and duff depth. An old-growth index was developed for each sampled stand that took into account multiple attributes. Preliminary results indicate that specific attributes (snag basal area and density, decay stage and density of downed woody material, variation in live-tree age, and variation in live-tree height and age) separate a younger forest from a more mature one and hence may describe "old-growth" conditions. The age of onset of these old-growth attributes is variable but appears to occur between 160 and 180 years. Key factors other than stand age that contribute to or modify the development of old-growth attributes (as measured by the old-growth index) are elevation and moisture regime (as modified by site position). Further investigation is required to more accurately assess the effect of site factors on old-growth attributes. These results are now used by Weyerhaeuser to address retention of late seral stages in long-term forest planning. Key words: old growth, mature forests, old growth protection, forest management, Alberta, Weyerhaeuser, Rocky Mountains foothills

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Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-059 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1314-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter V Blenis ◽

Wuhan Li

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Tree Height ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Main Stem ◽

Tree Age ◽

Precommercial Thinning ◽

Two Factors ◽

Artificial Inoculations

Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height.

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THE CURRENT STATE OF THE SALT STATUS OF SOILS IN ARTESIAN SPRINGS IMPACT ZONE OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CASPIAN REGION

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2021/5/72-77 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

А. B. Biarslanov ◽

Z. G. Zalibekov ◽

Z. U. Gasanova ◽

P. А. Abdurashidova ◽

V. А. Zhelnovakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Arid Zone ◽

Salt Content ◽

Underground Water ◽

Irreversible Processes ◽

Test Plot ◽

The North ◽

Continental Part ◽

The Republic ◽

Experimental Plots

The paper is devoted to soil cover degradation in the northen part of the Republic of Dagestan. Soil degradation is affected by irrational using free flowing underground water of artesians. Intensive extraction of underground water for domestic drinking water supply and pastures watering leads to irreversible processes in the soil cover. The study of salt spreading processes in soils caused by technogenic pressure is mainly considered for humid zone, in arid zone such work was not carried out. In this regard, the aim of the study is to clarify the state of the salt balance of soils for possible technogenic halogenesis under the conditions of a long half-century, continuous impact of artesian sources. The analysis of the territorial spreading of salts is considered on the example of soils of the marine coast and the central part of the Terek-Kuma lowland, represented by varieties of meadow saline and light chestnut soils. Taking into account the conditions of mutual location, experimental plots were selected with reference to artesian sources in the marine coast and in the continental part. Experimental and control sections were laid at experimental plots. Soil samples and artesian water samples were tested for the content of light soluble salts using conventional methods. It was established that under conditions of self-flowing artesian sources the soil of the continental part is characterized by an increased salt content and is 0.26-0.48% according to the profile against the background of the salt content in the samples of control plots – 0.11-0.17%. Coastal soils are characterized by a higher degree of salinization, the influence of mineralized water sources has a desalinization impact. On the test plot the salt content is 0.31–0.51%, in the control plot – 1.22–4.29%.

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Modeliranje višinske in debelinske rasti dominantnih dreves ter ocenjevanje indeksov produkcijske sposobnosti gozdnih rastišč

Acta Silvae et Ligni ◽

10.20315/asetl.125.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Andrej Bončina ◽

Vasilije Trifković ◽

Živa Bončina

Keyword(s):

Growth Models ◽

Tree Height ◽

European Beech ◽

Productivity Index ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Forest Types ◽

Site Productivity ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Sessile Oak ◽

Diameter Increment

Modeling the height and diameter growth of trees is an important part of forest management. Growth models provide the basis for determining the thinning regime, target tree dimensions and optimal proportions of developmental phases of forest stands. We developed individual height growth models for dominant Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in two forest types (sessile oak-European beech forests and pre-Alpine silver fir-European beech forests). Based on the models, the site productivity index (SPI), defined as the dominant tree height at a diameter of 45 cm, was determined for spruce and beech in both forest types. Based on the diameter increment of the dominant trees, the age of trees in regard to their diameter was calculated, which was the basis for Height-Age modeling. The site productivity index (SPI) of spruce in sessile oak-beech forests and pre-Alpine silver fir-European beech forests is higher than that of beech: 31.3 and 29.7 vs 28.7 and 27.9, respectively. Estimated site indices (SI; dominant tree height at the age of 100 years) in sessile oak- European beech forests and pre-Alpine silver fir-European beech forests were 33.4 and 32.0 for spruce, and 29.0 and 27.0 for beech, respectively. Using the described procedure, it is possible to determine indices of site productivity of spruce and beech (SI and SPI) in the selected forest habitat types. Testing the procedure in other forest types and for other tree species is suggested.

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The epiphyte vegetation of the palm Socratea exorrhiza - correlations with tree size, tree age and bryophyte cover

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467403003092 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Gerhard Zotz ◽

Birgit Vollrath

Keyword(s):

Attachment Site ◽

Tree Height ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Tree Size ◽

Tree Age ◽

Species Trees ◽

Lowland Rain Forest ◽

Vascular Epiphytes ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Socratea Exorrhiza

We conducted a survey of the epiphyte flora growing on the stilt palm Socratea exorrhiza in a primary lowland rain forest in Panama by means of a canopy crane. For each palm in a 0.9-ha plot, we determined diameter at breast height, tree height, per cent bryophyte cover and the number, identity and attachment site of all vascular epiphytes. The 118 palm trees hosted a total of 701 epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes, belonging to 66 species. Trees were estimated to be c. 20 y old before colonization with vascular epiphytes began. Epiphyte species were highly clumped and segregated along the vertical axis of the trunk. Sequential colonization led to an increased number of species and individuals as the tree grows. Epiphytes were associated with bryophyte patches much more than expected by chance, but no species seemed to depend upon them for establishment. The influence of tree size, age and bryophyte cover on the composition of the epiphyte community are discussed.

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