scholarly journals The dependence of soil CO2 fluxes on atmospheric conditions during sub-periods of soil respiration

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Krzysztof T. Wroński ◽  
Barbara Przybylska
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Model Research ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Soil respiration was measured on rusty soil in a dry forest near Łódź. A two-year series of soil respiration measurements was divided into characteristic sub-periods, and the relationship between soil CO2 emissions to selected aspects of climatic conditions was examined. The temperature dependence of soil CO2 fluxes is linear from March to June and exponential during the period of June to March. Dividing the year into a phase of growth and a phase of decline and modelling soil respiration for each of these sub-periods separately does not significantly improve the accuracy of the model. Research shows that soil respiration responds with a delay of three days to changes in temperature and relative humidity, but with a 17-day delay to changes in precipitation.

Seasonal variations in soil respiration and temperature sensitivity under three land-use types in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoGuo Wang ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
MeiRong Gao ◽  
YanQiang Wang ◽  
XunHua Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Q10 Value ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Relationship

CO2 emissions from soils were measured under 3 land-use types at the adjacent plots of forest plantation, grassland, and cropland from January 2005 to December 2006. Mean soil CO2 efflux rates measured during the 2-year study varied from 59 to 527 mg CO2/m2.h in forest plantation, 37 to 498 mg CO2/m2.h in grassland, and 32 to 397 mg CO2/m2.h in cropland. Soil respiration in the 3 types of land-use showed a similar seasonal pattern in variation during both years, in which the single-peaked curve occurred in early summer and the minimum in winter. In particular, the date of maximum soil CO2 efflux rate in cropland occurred about 30 days earlier than in forest and grassland in both 2005 and 2006. The relationship of soil respiration rate (R) with soil temperature (T ) and soil moisture (W ) fitted well to the equation R = β0eβ1TW β2 (a, b, c were constants) than other univariate models which consider soil water content or soil temperature alone. Soil temperature and soil moisture together explained 69–92% of the temporal variation in soil respiration in the 3 land-use types. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was affected positively by soil moisture of top 0.1 m layer and negatively by soil temperature at 0.05 m depth. The relationship between Q10 values and soil temperature (T ) or soil moisture (W ) indicated that a 1°C increase in soil temperature at 0.05 m depth will reduce the Q10 value by 0.07, 0.05, and 0.06 in forest, grassland, and cropland, respectively. Similarly, a 1% decrease in soil moisture of the top 0.1 m layer will reduce the Q10 value by 0.10, 0.09, and 0.11 in forest, grassland, and cropland.

Relief and edaphoclimatic conditions as influencing agents of CO2 release in Alagoas Caatinga, Brazil

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Élida Monique da Costa Santos ◽  
Kallianna Dantas Araujo ◽  
Mayara Andrade Souza ◽  
Danúbia Lins Gomes ◽  
Elba dos Santos Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Co2 Release

The release of carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs through soil respiration. However, release of CO2 from soil to the atmosphere is subject to interference from agents such as relief, edaphic and climatic conditions. Thus, this research aimed to quantify edaphic respiration related to edaphoclimatic factors in a toposequence area in Caatinga of Delmiro Gouveia, Alagoas, Brazil. The research was conducted from February 2013 to June 2014, with bimonthly collections during day and night. The soil CO2 losses, temperature measurements, soil water content and rainfall were quantified. We verified that, independent of the evaluated points, CO2 release was higher at night. Half-slope and shoulder were the areas with the highest emissions. Additionally, the CO2 emissions presented annual variation, increasing with the availability of soil water and showing peaks of release in the rainy season. Soil and air temperature had no direct influence on soil CO2 release; however, the highest CO2 emissions occurred when temperatures were moderate and stable. Therefore, the conservation of this unique Brazilian biome is necessary because the impacts of its disturbance can increase the level of CO2 released from the soil, increasing the amount of CO2in the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization and Ground Water Level Changes on Soil CO2 Fluxes from Oil Palm Plantation on Tropical Peatland

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Auldry Chaddy ◽  
Lulie Melling ◽  
Kiwamu Ishikura ◽  
Kah Joo Goh ◽  
Yo Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Root Activity ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Tropical Peatland ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

A long-term study on the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in tropical peatland was conducted to (1) quantify the annual CO2 emissions from an oil palm plantation under different N application rates and (2) evaluate the temporal effects of groundwater level (GWL) and water-filled pore space (WFPS) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and CO2 fluxes. Monthly measurement of soil CO2 fluxes using a closed chamber method was carried out from January 2010 until December 2013 and from January 2016 to December 2017 in an oil palm plantation on tropical peat in Sarawak, Malaysia. Besides the control (T1, without N fertilization), there were three N treatments: low N (T2, 31.1 kg N ha−1 year−1), moderate N (T3, 62.2 kg N ha−1 year−1), and high N (T4, 124.3 kg N ha−1 year−1). The annual CO2 emissions ranged from 7.7 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE) to 16.6 ± 1.0 t C ha−1 year−1, 9.8 ± 0.5 to 14.8 ± 1.4 t C ha−1 year−1, 10.5 ± 1.8 to 16.8 ± 0.6 t C ha−1 year−1, and 10.4 ± 1.8 to 17.1 ± 3.9 t C ha−1 year−1 for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Application of N fertilizer had no significant effect on annual cumulative CO2 emissions in each year (p = 0.448), which was probably due to the formation of large quantities of inorganic N when GWL was temporarily lowered from January 2010 to June 2010 (−80.9 to −103.4 cm below the peat surface), and partly due to low soil organic matter (SOM) quality. A negative relationship between GWL and CO2 fluxes (p < 0.05) and a positive relationship between GWL and WFPS (p < 0.001) were found only when the oil palm was young (2010 and 2011) (p < 0.05), indicating that lowering of GWL increased CO2 fluxes and decreased WFPS when the oil palm was young. This was possibly due to the fact that parameters such as root activity might be more predominant than GWL in governing soil respiration in older oil palm plantations when GWL was maintained near or within the rooting zone (0–50 cm). This study highlights the importance of roots and WFPS over GWL in governing soil respiration in older oil palm plantations. A proper understanding of the interaction between the direct or indirect effect of root activity on CO2 fluxes and balancing its roles in nutrient and water management strategies is critical for sustainable use of tropical peatland.

scholarly journals Seasonality, drivers, and isotopic composition of soil CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from tropical forests of the Congo Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 6207-6218
Author(s):  
Simon Baumgartner ◽  
Matti Barthel ◽  
Travis William Drake ◽  
Marijn Bauters ◽  
Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Lowland Forests

Abstract. Soil respiration is an important carbon flux and key process determining the net ecosystem production of terrestrial ecosystems. To address the lack of quantification and understanding of seasonality in soil respiration of tropical forests in the Congo Basin, soil CO2 fluxes and potential controlling factors were measured annually in two dominant forest types (lowland and montane) of the Congo Basin over 2 years at varying temporal resolution. Soil CO2 fluxes from the Congo Basin resulted in 3.45 ± 1.14 and 3.13 ± 1.22 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 for lowland and montane forests, respectively. Soil CO2 fluxes in montane forest soils showed a clear seasonality with decreasing flux rates during the dry season. Montane forest soil CO2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil moisture, while CO2 fluxes in the lowland forest were not. Smaller differences of δ13C values of leaf litter, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil CO2 indicated that SOC in lowland forests is more decomposed than in montane forests, suggesting that respiration is controlled by C availability rather than environmental factors. In general, C in montane forests was more enriched in 13C throughout the whole cascade of carbon intake via photosynthesis, litterfall, SOC, and soil CO2 compared to lowland forests, pointing to a more open system. Even though soil CO2 fluxes are similarly high in lowland and montane forests of the Congo Basin, the drivers of them seem to be different, i.e., soil moisture for montane forest and C availability for lowland forest.

scholarly journals Soil Respiration under 90 Year-Old Rye Monoculture and Crop Rotation in the Climate Conditions of Central Poland

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sosulski ◽  
Magdalena Szymańska ◽  
Ewa Szara ◽  
Piotr Sulewski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Central Poland

This study, aimed at assessing the rate of soil respiration under different crop rotation and fertilization conditions, was carried out on long-term (since 1923) experimental plots with rye monoculture and 5-crop rotation in Skierniewice (Central Poland). The treatments included mineral-organic (CaNPK+M) and organic (Ca+M) fertilization (where M is farmyard manure). Soil respiration was measured in situ by means of infrared spectroscopy using a portable FTIR spectrometer Alpha. CO2 fluxes from CaNPK+M-treated soils under cereals cultivated in monoculture and crop rotations were not statically different. Respiration of soil under lupine cultivated in crop rotation was higher than under cereals. N-fertilization and its succeeding effect increased soil respiration, and significantly altered its distribution over the growing season. Our results indicate that in the climatic conditions of Central Europe, respiration of sandy soils is more dependent on the crop species and fertilization than on the crop rotation system. Omission of mineral fertilization significantly decreases soil respiration. The CO2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature, air temperature, and soil content of NO3− and NH4+.

scholarly journals Seasonality, drivers, and isotopic composition of soil CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from tropical forests of the Congo Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Baumgartner ◽  
Matti Barthel ◽  
Travis W. Drake ◽  
Marijn Bauters ◽  
Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Lowland Forests

Abstract. Soil respiration is an important carbon flux and key process determining the net ecosystem production of terrestrial ecosystems. To address the enormous lack of quantification and understanding of seasonality in soil respiration of tropical forests in the Congo Basin, soil CO2 fluxes and potential controlling factors were measured for the first time annually in two dominant forest types (lowland and montane) of the Congo Basin during three years at varying temporal resolution. Soil CO2 fluxes from the Congo Basin resulted in 3.69 ± 1.22 and 3.82 ± 1.15 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 for lowland and montane forests, respectively. Respiration in montane forest soils showed a clear seasonality with decreasing flux rates during the dry season. Montane forest soil CO2 fluxes were positively correlated with soil moisture while CO2 fluxes in the lowland forest were not. Paired ẟ13C values of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil CO2 indicated that SOC in lowland forests is more decomposed than in montane forests, suggesting that respiration is controlled by C availability rather than environmental factors. In general, C in montane forests was more enriched in 13C throughout the whole cascade of carbon intake via photosynthesis, litterfall, SOC, and soil CO2 compared to lowland forests, pointing to a more open system. Even though soil CO2 fluxes are similarly high in lowland and montane forests of the Congo Basin, the drivers of them were different, i.e. soil moisture for montane forest and C availability for lowland forest.

scholarly journals Selected climatic variables in Slovakia are favourable to the development of Dothistroma needle blight

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Emília Ondrušková ◽  
Radovan Ostrovský ◽  
Zuzana Jánošíková ◽  
Katarína Adamčíková ◽  
Marek Kobza
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Needle Blight

AbstractDothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a disease of pine needles. It causes significant defoliation of affected trees; intensive attacks lead to damages of the whole stand. The relationship of trends in disease severity and intensity with climatic variables were studied in three Austrian pine plantations (Jahodná, Kálnica, Litava) during 2014–2018. During the monitoring period, the greatest variability in disease severity was observed in the top third of the crowns, which showed the highest correlation with the variants of the most important climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) tested. For the spread of DNB, based on statistical assessment, a higher number of intervals of environmentally favourable climatic conditions is crucial. Both Dothistroma species (D. septosporum and D. pini), which are causal agents of the disease, were identified in Jahodná. In Kálnica and Litava, only D. septosporum was present.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Conditions on Performance of Corrugated Sheet Boxes Manufacturing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S7) ◽  
pp. 339-343
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Moisture Content Level

Corrugated sheet material is very sensitive to the environmental conditions, especially moisture. The present study focuses on the mechanical behavior of corrugated sheet box board at different humidity and temperature conditions. The objective of this study is to study the important properties of corrugated sheet boxes at different climatic conditions and also to study the influence of the properties of corrugated sheet paper on the properties of corrugated board and box at various environmental conditions. The mechanical performance test carried out under controlled atmospheric conditions where the temperature (0C) range was studied from 200C to 500C and the relative humidity (Rh) range was studied from dry condition 30% Rh to severe condition 90% Rh. The results tested showed that the maximum compressive load of empty corrugated sheet box sealed exposed to moisture content decreased with the increase of temperature and relative humidity. In general it is observed in paper, corrugated sheet board and boxes that have optimum combined properties are obtained at moisture content level at 7-8% and hence moisture content of 7-8% may be the ideal value for corrugated sheet paper used in corrugated packaging industry

scholarly journals The relationship between termite mound CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and internal concentration ratios are species specific

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 17313-17345
Author(s):  
H. Jamali ◽  
S. J. Livesley ◽  
L. B. Hutley ◽  
B. Fest ◽  
S. K. Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. 1. We investigated the relative importance of CH4 and CO2 fluxes from soil and termite mounds at four different sites in the tropical savannas of Northern Australia near Darwin and assessed different methods to indirectly predict CH4 fluxes based on CO2 fluxes and internal gas concentrations. 2. The annual flux from termite mounds and surrounding soil was dominated by CO2 with large variations among sites. On a CO2-e basis, annual CH4 flux estimates from termite mounds were 5- to 46-fold smaller than the concurrent annual CO2 flux estimates. Differences between annual soil CO2 and soil CH4 (CO2-e) fluxes were even greater, soil CO2 fluxes being almost three orders of magnitude greater than soil CH4 (CO2-e) fluxes at site. 3. There were significant relationships between mound CH4 flux and mound CO2 flux, enabling the prediction of CH4 flux from measured CO2 flux, however, these relationships were clearly termite species specific. 4. We also observed significant relationships between mound flux and gas concentration inside mound, for both CH4 and CO2, and for all termite species, thereby enabling the prediction of flux from measured mound internal gas concentration. However, these relationships were also termite species specific. Using the relationship between mound internal gas concentration and flux from one species to predict mound fluxes from other termite species (as has been done in past) would result in errors of more than 5-fold for CH4 and 3-fold for CO2. 5. This study highlights that CO2 fluxes from termite mounds are generally more than one order of magnitude greater than CH4 fluxes. There are species-specific relationships between CH4 and CO2 fluxes from a~mound, and between the inside mound concentration of a gas and the mound flux emission of the same gas, but these relationships vary greatly among termite species. Consequently, there is no generic relationship that will allow for the prediction of CH4 fluxes from termite mounds of all species.

Examination of the relationships between subjective clothing comfort assessment and physiological parameters with wear trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1522-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Grujic ◽  
Jelka Geršak
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
The Relationship

The paper explores the relationship between subjective assessment of wearing comfort and objectively determined physiological parameters (mean skin temperature, skin relative humidity, amount excreted in sweat absorbed in clothing) in a warm environment. The experiment involved five young girls who wore two different models of women’s summer clothing (women’s dresses and women’s blouse plus shorts) made from five different raw materials, but of nearly identical structural characteristics . The investigation consisted of 450 individual tests. All wearing trial tests were performed under artificially designed ambient conditions within a computer-controlled climatic chamber. It was found that there existed a relationship between subjective assessment of wearing comfort and objectively determined physiological parameters of the test subjects. The statistical analysis results showed that coefficients of multiple linear regression in dependence of the subjective assessment of the degree of skin moisture Wskin on climatic conditions had the value of R2 = 0.87, based on physiological parameters, such as skin temperature Tskin and skin relative humidity RHskin (R2 = 0.90), and on the amount of excreted sweat Esweat and the amount of sweat absorbed within clothing Wsweat (R2 = 0.87).

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