The rise of temporal expressions in the history of Japanese: A preliminary account

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Spatial Expressions ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Temporal Expressions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Diachronic Development

AbstractIn cognitive linguistics, a widely accepted and highly influential approach to the notion of time is conceptual metaphor. This states that the abstract concept time should be understood in terms of a concrete concept such as space. This paper challenges this notion by proposing that time exhibits independent experience. Using diachronic data, the paper investigates how temporal expressions in Japanese have emerged that are also employed as spatial expressions, and demonstrates how they conform to theoretical standpoints that are postulated in synchronic studies. First, I refer to the insights of Fraisse (1963), who singles out from a psychological point of view two fundamental perspectives of time: succession and duration. Second, I provide 10 examples from the eighth century to the fourteenth century that comply with five aspects of psychological reality (succession, duration, causation, organization, and anticipation). Third, I evaluate Evans’ (2004) cognitive complex models that champion temporal independence. The paper makes two claims. First, the rise of Japanese temporal expressions does not rely on external experience but on internal, that is, psychological perspectives. Second, the three attributes central to Evans’ models (motion, agency, and sequence) were not absolutely fundamental when Japanese temporal expressions emerged. While this last point downgrades Evans’ models, the paper tentatively suggests an alternative approach, namely that a diachronic development should embrace indexical, iconic, and symbolic evidence for the construction of linguistic signs.

Using Published Trial Schematics to Assess a Brief (Spatial) History of Time: Questioning the Graphical Depiction of Experimental Procedures

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
Spatial Expressions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Bottom To Top ◽  
Representation Of Time

Trial schematics are ubiquitous within psychology journals articles and have the potential to inform how we think about time in space from a non-linguistic point of view. Graphical representations of trial schematics were used to compare the spatial representations of time used by the scientific community with the dominant spatial stereotypes for temporal events reported by the scientific community. From 294 observations, approximately 81% of trial schematics contained left-to-right and / or top-to-bottom representations of first-to-last events, consistent with the dominant Western spatial expressions of time. An initially counter-intuitive left-to-right but bottom-to-top spatial stereotype used in approximately 18% of schematics is discussed with respect to its potential perceptual origins. The complications that arise from the use of multiple spatial axes in the representation of time are highlighted and given the tendency for trial schematics to be informationally poor, alternative routes for the supply of thorough experimental detail are suggested.

Patterns of Social Practice

2011 ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Wodzicki ◽  
Johannes Moskaliuk ◽  
Ulrike Cress
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Consideration ◽  
Writing Processes ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Benefits

In this chapter, the application of patterns in the context of social practice will be considered from a psychological point of view. After briefly introducing the history of patterns, this chapter will discuss the specific conditions that apply for formulating and using patterns of social practice, as well as the benefits and challenges of their application. This discussion will result in four main challenges. In order to address them, the chapter presents psychological approaches that deal with the relevant issues and help to understand potential benefits of patterns of social practice. It concludes with some remaining open questions for future research. The entire chapter focuses on the structure that patterns provide, and how this structure supports the communication, exchange, and learning of social practice. The discussion of pattern writing processes (e.g., the process of shepherding) would need a motivational and practical consideration rather than a cognitive psychological one.

scholarly journals Psychology and geometry: I. On the geometry of the human kind

Filomat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Leopold Verstraelena
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Riemannian Geometry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Present Part ◽  
Human Kind

In this note an attempt is made to describe a personal look at some of the main steps in the history of geometry from a psychological point of view, hereby basing on and sometimes merely formulating again parts of some previous papers, like [1-11]. For general references on elementary differential geometry, pseudo Riemannian geometry and geometry of submanifolds, see e.g. [12-22]. In reference [23], part II of some of the author?s reflections on psychology and geometry, an attempt is made to describe relativistic spacetimes in a way as kind of a supplement to the contents of the present part I.

scholarly journals Distinguishing of natural properties of language in the history of scientific research

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V.V. Varin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Complex Organization ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
The 19Th Century

The author of this article points out that different approaches of determining the nature of language distinguish one property of the whole set. These properties belong to the language in all its complex organization. The author focuses his attention on the modern comprehension of the language as activity phenomenon. He appeals retrospectively to the theory of W. Humboldt. The main goal of the article consists in the assertion of communicative essence that is so characteristic for the linguistic approach that deals with the language as activity phenomenon. In this connection it is of vital importance to draw attention to the leader of the Neogrammarians in the history of linguistics at the end of the 19th century H. Paul. “The psychological principal” implemented in H. Paul’s conception is of great interest both in theory of modern cognitive linguistics and from the point of view of modern communicative syntax.

scholarly journals Psychology, Political Psychology and International Relations

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Isabella Hermann
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
The One

Psychology and international relations theory (IR) share an ambivalent relationship. On the one side psychology is neglected within the theory building of IR, on the other side there exists a large history of psychological approaches within the discipline, as well as interdisciplinary research in the field of political psychology. However, leaving psychology out of IR is not understandable from a psychological point of view since the differentiation between “rationality” on the one side and “irrationality” as psychology on the other side is artificial and contra-empirical. Systematically and naturally incorporating psychology – as for example motives and emotions – in IR would mean to understand international phenomena more profoundly and closer to reality.

scholarly journals Tracing the History of the Discipline of Psychology of Religion, Major Developments and Methodological Differences Utilised By Scholars in America and Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
armstrong chanda
Keyword(s):  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Mainstream Psychology

The psychology of religion has stemmed from mainstream psychology. Due to the increased interest by psychologists to study religion from a scientific perspective, gave rise to the study of religion from a psychological point of view. This essay endeavours to establish the history of psychology of religion; the major historical developments and methodological approaches used by the American and European scholars. The essay acknowledges the interesting journey the field of psychology of religion and spiritualties has taken from a philosophical conception to psychology. It highlights the methodological challenges it has and still faces from the American and European perspectives. The psychology of religion is both an interesting and challenging field, which has undergone a lot of changes, denials and shortcomings because of the nature of religion and spiritualties. However, this article establishes that a tremendous job has been done in both American and European efforts.

scholarly journals Ethnic and political myths as a factor of forming the public opinion

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Elina Asriyan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
The People ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
Political Myth ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The word ‘myth’ means tradition, legend. Myth-making is seen as the most important event in the cultural history of mankind. In primitive society mythology presents the basic way of understanding the world. The history of the people needs to be told of his mythology, and not vice versa. In our view when creating the image of a political leader should come from the heroic myths. The main characteristics of political myth are relying on the archetype and some technological artifice. We can say that the political myth is an adaptation of a cultural myth for political purposes. Political myth thus becomes a necessary form of communication between people and the government. Political myths are widely used in election campaigns, because from a psychological point of view the mythologizing the political leader allows differentiate him from competitors.

scholarly journals Khetagurov K. L. Letter to A. A. Tsalikova dated December 6, 1898

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.С. Хугаев
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Вниманию читателей «Вестника ВНЦ» предлагается письмо Ко- ста Хетагурова к Анне Цаликовой (1876–1914) от 6 декабря 1898 года. С нравственно-этической и художественно-психологической точки зрения это один из самых ярких текстов в эпистолярном наследии Коста. Кроме того, здесь мы находим бесценные авторские коммен- тарии к циклу лирических стихотворений, связанных с драматичной историей отношений поэта и безответно любимой им женщины. Публикация приурочена к 160-летию со дня рождения К.Л. Хета- гурова. The readers of "Bulletin of VSC" suggested letter Kosta Khetagurov to Anna Tsalikova (1876-1914) from December 6, 1898. From the moral-ethical and artistic-psychological point of view vision is one of the most striking texts in the epistolary heritage Costa. In addition, here we find priceless author's comments  to a cycle of lyric poems associated with dramatic the history of the relationship between the poet and his beloved's unrequited women. The publication is dedicated to the 160th anniversary of the birth of K. L. Khetagumov.

Perspectives of Reforming the System of Interbudget Relations in Russia (in the Light of the International Experience)

2006 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of

The attempts to reconstruct the instruments of interbudget relations take place in all federations. In Russia such attempts are especially popular due to the short history of intergovernmental relations. Thus the review of the ¬international experience of managing interbudget relations to provide economic and social welfare can be useful for present-day Russia. The author develops models of intergovernmental relations from the point of view of making decisions about budget authorities’ distribution. The models that can be better applied in the Russian case are demonstrated.

The Beginnings of Islam in Afghanistan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezou Azad
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Political System ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Early Islam ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Conversion ◽  
The Way

Covering the period from 709 to 871, this chapter traces the initial conversion of Afghanistan from Zoroastrianism and Buddhism to Islam. Highlighting the differential developments in four regions of Afghanistan, it discusses the very earliest history of Afghan Islam both as a religion and as a political system in the form of a caliphate.  The chapter draws on under-utilized sources, such as fourth to eighth century Bactrian documents from Tukharistan and medieval Arabic and Persian histories of Balkh, Herat and Sistan. In so doing, it offers a paradigm shift in the way early Islam is understood by arguing that it did not arrive in Afghanistan as a finished product, but instead grew out of Afghanistan’s multi-religious context. Through fusions with Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, early Abrahamic traditions, and local cult practices, the Islam that resulted was less an Arab Islam that was imported wholesale than a patchwork of various cultural practices.

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