scholarly journals The impacts of diagenetic facies on reservoir quality in tight sandstones

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1060-1082
Author(s):  
Dazhong Ren ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Rongxi Li ◽  
Dengke Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Porosity Evolution ◽  
Carbonate Cement ◽  
Pore Structures ◽  
Diagenetic Facies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of diagenetic minerals and the characteristics of pore structures on reservoir qualities has been studied separately in the past years. However, the difference in the reservoir quality with different pore structures and having same or similar content of diagenesis minerals has not been ascertained. In this study, based on the core samples derived from Chang 6 member in the Ordos basin, various tests were performed to examine the sandstone diagenesis and investigate the pore structure. The results showed that there were five diagenetic facies by diagenetic and pore structure analyses, and the best reservoir quality rocks were found to have relatively low percentage of illite, carbonate cement, pore-filling chlorite, authigenic quartz, and relatively high proportion of intergranular pores. Smectite-to-illite reaction and chemical compaction were main sources for quartz cementation at 60–120°C, and carbonate content was found to increase toward source rocks. The porosity depth trends significantly affected the diagenetic facies. The diagenetic and the pore structure pathways of various diagenetic facies were reconstructed by integrated petrographic, mineralogical, and pore system data. This study provides insights into the porosity evolution and diagenetic pathways of various diagenetic facies of tight sandstones, and the influence of diagenesis minerals and pore structures on their reservoir quality.

scholarly journals Different Formation Routes of Pore Structure in Aluminum Powder Metallurgy Alloy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Bidulská ◽  
Róbert Bidulský ◽  
Marco Actis Grande ◽  
Tibor Kvačkaj
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Porosity Evolution ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Pore Structures ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Alloy ◽  
Size And Morphology

In powder metallurgy (PM), severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a well-known technological solution to achieve interesting properties. However, the occurrence of pores in the final product may limit these properties. Also, for a given type of microstructure, the stereometric parameters of the pore structures, such as shape (represented by Aspect and Dcircle) and distribution (fshape, and fcircle), decisively affect the final properties. The influence of different processing routes (pressing, sintering and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)) on pore structures in an aluminum PM alloy is discussed. The nature of porosity, porosity evolution and its behavior is explored. The correlation between pore size and morphology is also considered. The final pore structure parameters (Aspect, Dcircle, fshape, and fcircle) of studied aluminum alloys produced by different processing routes depends on the different formation routes.

scholarly journals Physical Property and Origin of Lowly Permeable Sandstone Reservoir in Chang 2 Division, Zhang-Han Oilfield, Ordos Basin

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gao ◽  
Zhenliang Wang ◽  
Jie Deng ◽  
Jinghui Zhao ◽  
Xianchao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Porosity Evolution ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Northern Shaanxi ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs ◽  
Diagenetic Facies ◽  
Pore Types

Lowly permeable sandstone reservoirs play an important role in the exploration and exploitation of natural gas and petroleum in China. The reservoirs are major lowly permeable sandstone reservoirs in Chang 2 division, Yanchang Formation, Upper Triassic in Zhang-Han oilfield, which located in the northern Shaanxi slope of Ordos Basin. According to the distribution and composition of sand beds, integrated measured physical properties, micro-pore structure analysis, cast thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy, the impacts of deposition and diagenesis on porosity evolution are analyzed. The essential diagenesis causing the porosity loss is evaluated quantitatively, and finally the origin mechanisms of low permeability reservoir in Zhang-Han oilfield are discussed. The results show: (1) Fine particle and low compositional maturity arkose are the material foundation of the formation of poor physical property sandstone; (2) The main pore space of reservoir is secondary pores. There are two types of combined pores that including dissolve-residual pores and dissolve-micropores. The porosity values display an approximately normal distribution, and permeability values are asymmetric distribution of the logarithm in lowly permeable sandstones. Their correlation coefficient becomes more and more worse with the decrease of permeability; (3) There are four diagenetic facies, in which three diagenetic facies belong to extra-lowly permeable and ultra-lowly permeable reservoir sandstones and widely distributed, and they are diagenetic lithofacie background of lowly permeability sandstone; (4) In low compositional maturity arkose, its initial porosity is 1/4 lower than conventional reservoir, the secondary and dissolved pores are main pore types of lowly permeable reservoir rocks. It is also a key factor of effective oil-bearing of lowly permeability sandstone.

scholarly journals Diagenesis and its influence on reservoir quality and oil-water relative permeability: A case study in the Yanchang Formation Chang 8 tight sandstone oil reservoir, Ordos Basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Zhaomeng Yang ◽  
Changjun Shui ◽  
Zhong Yu ◽  
Zhufeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Property A ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Yanchang Formation ◽  
Small Pore

Abstract Different from conventional reservoirs, unconventional tight sand oil reservoirs are characterized by low or ultra-low porosity and permeability, small pore-throat size, complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity. For the continuous exploration and enhancement of oil recovery from tight oil, further analysis of the origins of the different reservoir qualities is required. The Upper Triassic Chang 8 sandstone of the Yanchang Formation from the Maling Oilfield is one of the major tight oil bearing reservoirs in the Ordos Basin. Practical exploration demonstrates that this formation is a typical tight sandstone reservoir. Samples taken from the oil layer were divided into 6 diagenetic facies based on porosity, permeability and the diagenesis characteristics identified through thin section and scanning electron microscopy. To compare pore structure and their seepage property, a high pressure mercury intrusion experiments (HPMI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), andwater-oil relative permeability test were performed on the three main facies developed in reservoir. The reservoir quality and seepage property are largely controlled by diagenesis. Intense compaction leads to a dominant loss of porosity in all sandstones, while different degrees of intensity of carbonate cementation and dissolution promote the differentiation of reservoir quality. The complex pore structure formed after diagenesis determines the seepage characteristics, while cementation of chlorite and illite reduce the effective pore radius, limit fluid mobility, and lead to a serious reduction of reservoir permeability.

Pore structure and fractal characteristics of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-59
Author(s):  
Quanpei Zhang ◽  
Tao Jiao ◽  
Hao Huang ◽  
Zhao Qi ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Yanchang Formation ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs

The complex pore structure and high heterogeneity of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs have a significant effect on reservoir quality evaluation and hydrocarbon resource assessment. We collected 10 reservoir samples from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 8 in the Zhenbei area of the Ordos Basin. We measured the pore size distribution (PSD) and fluid occurrence characteristics of the reservoir by Pressure-controlled porosimetry (PCP), rate-controlled porosimetry (RCP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and then analyzed the results via the fractal theory to determine the pore space fractal characteristics. Our analysis indicates that the three major pore types of these reservoirs are residual intergranular pores, dissolution pores and intercrystalline pores. The pore structure of the ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs is highly heterogeneous with pore throats of various scales, and the corresponding fractal characteristics are notably different, exhibiting multi-fractal features. Compared to macropores and mesopores, micropores are more uniform and regular in terms of their PSD and thus only slightly influence the reservoir quality. The complexity of the throat distribution and whole pore space is attributed to the development of dissolution pores and the content of feldspar minerals. Fractal features depend on the movable fluid pore space and effective pores, whose fractal dimensions reflect the complexity of interconnected pores and correlate well with the porosity and permeability. The development of different types and sizes of pore throats in these ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs resulted in the observed pore structure heterogeneity. The difference in mineral composition and content of these reservoirs aggravates the pore structure complexity and affects reservoir quality evaluation and further oilfield development.

scholarly journals Diagenetic facies quantitative evaluation of low-permeability sandstone: A case study on Chang 82 reservoirs in the Zhenbei area, Ordos basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoquan Ma ◽  
Shaochun Yang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Qingdong Kong ◽  
Chunting Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Reservoir Evaluation ◽  
Diagenetic Facies

Quantitative characterization of diagenetic facies has great significance for reservoir evaluation and prediction. In order to find out the method to evaluate diagenetic facies, the author took Chang 82 reservoir low-permeability sandstone in Zhenbei area of Ordos basin as research object and divided the reservoir into six types of diagenetic facies by analysis of casting thin section, scanning electron microscope, cathode luminescence, and physical property. According to 14 quantitative evaluating parameters which were related with petrology characteristic, diagenesis strength, pore structure, etc. quantitative evaluation of diagenetic facies of low-permeability sandstone reservoir was done by data envelopment analysis. The result showed that in the Chang 82 reservoir low-permeability sandstone in Zhenbei area of Ordos basin, quantitative representative indexes of diagenetic facies ranged from 0 to 1.00. Various diagenetic facies and their indexes had interval corresponding relation. The diagenetic facies of weak corrosion with chlorite mat and the diagenetic facies of corrosion of unstable components had the best reservoir quality. Their diagenetic facies indexes ranged from 0.66 to 1.00. The reservoir quality of the diagenetic facies filled with kaolinite was not as good as the former. The indexes ranged from 0.50 to 0.66. The diagenetic facies of quartz secondary enlargement and the diagenetic facies of clay mineral cementation replacement had poor reservoir quality. Their diagenetic facies indexes ranged from 0.30 to 0.40. The diagenetic facies of carbonate cementation had the poorest reservoir quality. It hardly possessed fluid storage capability. After comparing diagenetic facies indexes, absorption strength and remaining oil saturability, the perfect corresponding relation between quantitative evaluation results and reservoir quality could be verified.

scholarly journals Classification and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs based on diagenetic facies: a case study on Chang 6 reservoir in the center-west Ordos Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Zhanwu ◽  
Shi Jian ◽  
Xie Qichao ◽  
Zhou Yan ◽  
Zhou Shuxun
Keyword(s):  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Pore Evolution ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Diagenetic Facies ◽  
Feldspar Dissolution

AbstractTight sandstone reservoirs dominated by are developed in the Chang 6 oil layer group of the Yanchang Formation in the central-western part of the Ordos Basin. Featuring the lacustrine delta facies, Chang 6 formation in the center-west area of Ordos Basin shows an increasing petroleum reserve expectation. Its exploitation practice, however, has many problems caused by tight sandstone reservoir features. According to diagenetic and pore analysis, the diagenetic facies in the study area are grouped into four types: chlorite-film-intergranular-pore, feldspar-dissolution, clay-cemented-micropore, carbonate-cemented-tightness for their obvious differences in mineral feature and pore evolution. By introducing the comprehensive classification parameter synthesized from 9 other parameters, the reservoir quality is divided up into four levels: I(Feci > 1), II(3 ≤ Feci ≤ 7), III(-2 ≤ Feci ≤ 3), IV(Feci ≤ -2). The reservoir quality division matches well with the diagenetic facies group. To decide the diagenetic type and reservoir quality division in all wells, the logging data are utilized with the Fisher discriminant method, which has obtained a good performance. The method enables the reservoir quality analysis expanding to all wells from samples, which is helpful for exploitation of the study area.

scholarly journals Pore structure and its control on reservoir quality in tight sandstones: a case study of the Chang 6 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jingbian oilfield in the Ordos Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubin Bai ◽  
Jingzhou Zhao ◽  
Delin Zhao ◽  
Hai Zhang ◽  
Yong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Ordos Basin ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir

AbstractThis study applied vacuum-impregnated casting thin sections, fluorescence slices, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-controlled mercury porosimetry (PCP), rate-controlled mercury porosimetry (RCP), X-ray diffraction of clay minerals, overburden pressure, and conventional physical property strategies to determine the microscopic characteristics of the Chang 6 member, a typical tight sandstone reservoir in the Jingbian oilfield in the Ordos Basin, China. We also analyzed the controlling effects of pore structure on reservoir quality and oiliness. The results showed that the pore types of the Chang 6 sandstone reservoir can be divided into four categories: residual intergranular pores, dissolution pores, intercrystalline pores between clay minerals, and microfractures. The pore size of the Chang 6 sandstone reservoir ranged from 20 to 50 μm. We employed PCP and RCP strategies to characterize the pore structure of the Chang 6 reservoir. The pore radius was less than 2 μm, and on average, the throat radius was less than 0.3 μm. The reservoir physical properties were affected by diagenesis, particularly compaction, and the average porosity failure rate was 56.3%. Cementation made the reservoir more compact, dissolution improved the physical properties of the reservoir locally, and fracturing effectively improved the reservoir seepage ability; however, its influence on porosity was limited. The pore structure controlled the quality of the reservoir. The physical properties of the reservoir were closely related to the oil-bearing properties. The lower limits of porosity and permeability of industrial oil flow in the reservoir were 7.5% and 0.15 mD, respectively. These results provide an additional resource for the exploration and development of tight oil in the Ordos Basin.

scholarly journals Origin and Distribution of Carbonate Cement in Tight Sandstones: The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 8 Oil Layer in West Ordos Basin, China

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lai ◽  
Guiwen Wang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Shuchen Wang ◽  
Zhenglong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Carbonate Cement ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Tight Carbonate ◽  
Ferroan Dolomite

Two generations of carbonate cement as Type I (microcrystalline calcite and dolomite) and Type II (mainly Fe-calcite and Fe-dolomite) are recognized in Chang 8 sandstones, Ordos basin. Carbonate cement in Chang 8 sandstones is closely related to the dissolved carbon from thermal maturation of organic matters. Carbonate cement in the loosely packed framework grains precipitated shortly after deposition, and late-stage ferroan calcite and ferroan dolomite formed with progressive burial. The early diagenetic carbonate cement is partially to completely replaced by late-stage ferroan calcite and ferroan dolomite. Carbonate cement is much more commonly observed in sand bodies adjacent to Chang 7 source rocks. With increasing distance from the Chang 7 oil layers, the carbonate cement content gradually decreases. However, some tight carbonate cemented zones also occur at the sandstone-mudstone interfaces. Dissolution of Ca-feldspars by organic acids-rich fluids, together with clay mineral transformations such as illitization of smectite, would provide Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions for carbonate cementation. Organic acids and CO2 rich fluids would charge into the reservoirs with the hydrocarbons, and when the CO2 and acids were buffered by the framework grain dissolution, carbonate cement would precipitate with a decrease in CO2 concentration.

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