Mining waste dumps – modern monitoring of thermal and gas activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANISŁAW WASILEWSKI ◽  
PRZEMYSŁAW SKOTNICZNY
Keyword(s):  
Thermal State ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mining waste dumps are permanently incorporated in the landscape of the mining areas and exert an impact on the environment in many ways. The presence in the massif of a dump of carbonaceous substances often leads to the formation of fire hazards. Monitoring the activity of a newly created coal waste dump or of one under fire plays an extremely important role in fire prevention activity. Under the current regulations it must be carried out both during the exploitation process and for many years afterwards. Monitoring a dump is targeted, among others, at detecting thermal and gas anomalies already at the initial stage of development and to undertake preventive measures to eliminate and minimize the impact and load of a dump for the environment and the health and life of humans. In the article selected results of a research project (Raport 2011) are shown; a method of monitoring fire hazards at dump wastes was proposed, which includes thermal scanning and thermal-gas monitoring by a borehole method aimed at fixed points in the dump. Monitoring the large area of a dump requires exploration of the thermal state of a significant area hence the accepted scanning of the area is with a precision thermal imaging camera during an air raid. Then at selected sites of the dump, long-term in-field studies were conducted using the wireless data collection system from scattered test holes, made of perforated pipes and equipped with temperature and gas probes (CO, CO2, O2). At the same time the changes of environmental conditions and changes in atmospheric state parameters were observed around the dump, the so-called wind rose, based on data recorded by the weather station.

scholarly journals Polish legal regulations considering recovery of secondary materials from coal mining dumping grounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Łukasz Gawor
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Coal Recovery ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Secondary Materials

Abstract In the article there is presented temporary situation of coal mining dumping grounds in Poland – their inventarization, localization and environmental impacts. The coal mining dumping grounds in Poland are situated in three coal basins: Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Lower Silesian Coal Basin and Lublin Coal Basin. In all mentioned areas occur ca. 270 coal mining waste dumps, covering surface of over 4400 ha. The main environmental impacts connected with dumping grounds are fire hazards, water pollution and a danger of slope sliding. The question of recovery of coal from disposed wastes with regard to legal regulations is discussed. There are presented technical methods of coal recovery considering environmental protection issues. There is a necessity and technical possibility of recovery of coal from the coal-mining waste dumps. The coal recovery reduces hazards of self-ignition and fires of the dump. It is also economically justified. The analysis of required regulations in legal system in Poland for safe exploitation of secondary materials from coal mining dumps is done. Socio-economic aspects of recovery of coal are discussed. The valid legal regulations in Poland regulate the issues connected with coal mining dumping grounds in a very general way. It is necessary to prepare supplements to the legal provisions or new regulations concerning post-mining dumping grounds.

scholarly journals Technogenic carbonaceous objects of the Chervonohrad mining and industrial district and some technical solutions for their using

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (181) ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Dmytro BRYK ◽  
Oleg GVOZDEVYCH ◽  
Lesya KULCHYTSKA-ZHYHAYLO ◽  
Myroslav PODOLSKYY
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Industrial District ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coal Wastes ◽  
The Impact

Ukraine has significant coal resources. Chervonohrad Mining and Industrial District is the main coal complex in the west of Ukraine. In recent years, the average annual coal production in the mines of Chervonohrad Mining and Industrial District has amounted to 1.5 bn t, coal ash varies over a wide range of 25 to 53 %, average coal ash content of about 40 %. Coal mining has produced millions of tons of coal waste every year. Concentration of technogeneous coal objects (mines, mining infrastructure, coal-mining waste dumps and wastes of coal enrichment) in a relatively small area has caused environmental degradation. Therefore, technological and environmental aspects of carbon-containing technogenic objects are particularly important and actual. Coal-waste dumps in the territory of Chervonohrad Mining and Industrial District are characterized in detail. The dumps cover different areas – from 9–10 to 29–30 ha, the height of the dumps reaches 62 m at the mostly heights of 25–40 m. The total waste deposit in the dumps of existing mines has a volume of more than 20 million m3. The coal wastes from Mezhyrichanskaya mine coal-waste dump was investigated to determine the suitability for thermochemical processing. Technical characteristics of taken coal-waster samples is presented. The technogenic carbonaceous objects and the impact to the environment are evaluated. The developed and patented technical and technological solutions for the technogenic carbonaceous objects using are considered. It is shown that the concept of industrial development of coal wastes dumps is based on two aspects – extraction of valuable mineral components and energy utilization of carbonaceous wastes of coal production. Its patented as Patents of Ukraine technological schemes for terrestrial process in of solid carbonaceous raw material from dumps and sludges with the production of coal tar and synthesis gas CO + H2 are presented, as well as the scheme of a system for utilization of heat from coal dump. Recommendations for the implementation of innovative technologies are based on the results of the laboratory research. The purpose of the resolution is to obtain valuable components and energy from coal wasters while improving the environment.

scholarly journals Acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination in coal mines and the need for extensive prediction and remediation: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3129-3136
Author(s):  
Theophilus Ile Ojonimi ◽  
lemona C Okeme ◽  
Tina Phiri Chanda ◽  
Eneojo Godwin Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
The Impact

Globally, the major source of environmental pollution as a result of mineral exploitation and processing is acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD refers to outflowing streams of acidic constituents from pyrite-bearing ore mines. The exposure of pyrite (FeS2) in coal waste dumps to atmospheric oxygen and water in the presence of microbial communities promotes the formation of sulphuric acid which leaches out the inherent heavy metals into the mine discharge, a phenomenon called pyrite oxidation. AMDs are usually characterized by a convoy of toxic heavy metals, most of which are transition elements (copper, nickel, zinc, etc.) and arsenic at concentrations higher than the limits permitted by environmental regulations. The impact of this acidic discharge from coal mines on downstream/underground waters and farm lands within the corresponding mining zones have been severally reported by previous researchers, but not so much have been discussed on extensive prediction and remediation. It is in view of this that the current paper reviews the need for extensive prediction and remediation approach for coal mines under the following subheadings; General introduction, AMD sources identification, representative sampling, adoption of a prediction model, determination of AMD potential and quality via static and kinetic tests and the development of an economically sustainable remediation strategy. It is thought that this article would be useful to academia as well as policy makers that are responsible for the development and implementation of environmental regulations in coal mines.

scholarly journals Simulation of Contaminants Transport in Groundwater From Nickel Mining Waste Dump Southeast Sulawesi

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadek Nando Setiawan ◽  
Tedy Agung Cahyadi ◽  
Nur Ali Amri ◽  
Rika Ernawati ◽  
Nurkhamim Nurkhamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mining Waste ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
Contaminant Migration ◽  
The North ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
Contaminants Transport ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The irregularities of nickel resource mining in Indonesia cause many serious environmental problems. Piles of leftover rocks on nickel mining waste dumps have the potential to be a source of heavy metal seepage into the water. This study was conducted to assess the impact of nickel mining in the Langgikima Subdistrict of the North Konawe Regency of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The focus is to assess the migration of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) and iron (Fe) using MT3DMS to model the transport of solutes. The study's goal was to identify cr6+ and Fe concentrations in waste dumps and predict the spread of contaminants over a 20-year period of time. XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) is done to determine the content of elements and minerals in rocks. Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is performed to estimate the concentration of Cr6+ and Fe in waste dumps. AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) to find out the content of Cr6+ and Fe in surface water and land water samples. The results showed the highest concentrations of Cr6+ of 0.0462 mg/L and Feat 0.8709 mg/L. Simulations without compacted clay coatings, Cr6+ and Fe contaminants could be transported consecutively by 2.7 km and 2.42 km while simulations used compacted clay layers with a hydraulic conductivity of 1 × 10−9 m/s of Cr6+ and Fe contaminants could be transported consecutively by 0.412 km and 0.467 km. It can therefore be concluded that heavy metals in the remaining rock piles from the waste dump can be transported into groundwater, and the action of using a compacted layer of clay must be taken to prevent contaminant migration into groundwater.

Type of crossing of coal waste dumps by geodynamical dangerous zones

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
V. R. Musina ◽  
I. V. Golovko ◽  
S. Shermatova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Dangerous Zone ◽  
Earth's Crust

The paper develops the concept of the existence geodynamically dangerous zones in the earth’s crust. These zones affects to the safety of the state of engineering structures and mining operations. The concept of geodynamic zoning is used, according to which geodynamically dangerous zones occurs during the interaction of blocks of the earth’s crust of various hierarchical ranks. On the example of the East Donbass, the typification of the intersection of coal waste dumps with geodynamically dangerous zones is considered. The position of 34 burning and burnt out dumps located near the cities of Shakhty and Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov Region, their size R and the width of geodynamically dangerous zones r are taken in account. Based on the use of geodynamic zoning data, an analysis is made of the nature of the mutual arrangement of carbon rock dumps and the boundaries of blocks of the earth’s crust (geodynamically dangerous zones). It is found 4 types of intersection of the block boundaries and the body of the dumps. The intersection of the first type occurs when R> r and the location of the intersection site entirely under the dump. The intersection of the second type occurs when R <r and the location of the dump entirely in the geodynamically dangerous zone. The intersection of the third type occurs at any ratio of R and r, but the common area overlaps the geodynamically dangerous zone only partially (touch). In the fourth type of intersection, the set of common points R and r is empty (do not intersect). Typification can be used when choosing places for dumping and computer modeling of their thermal state.

Computer simulation study about the dependence of amorphous silicon photonic waveguides efficiency on the material quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 30502
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fantoni ◽  
João Costa ◽  
Paulo Lourenço ◽  
Manuela Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sidewall Roughness ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Fabrication Defects ◽  
The Impact

Amorphous silicon PECVD photonic integrated devices are promising candidates for low cost sensing applications. This manuscript reports a simulation analysis about the impact on the overall efficiency caused by the lithography imperfections in the deposition process. The tolerance to the fabrication defects of a photonic sensor based on surface plasmonic resonance is analysed. The simulations are performed with FDTD and BPM algorithms. The device is a plasmonic interferometer composed by an a-Si:H waveguide covered by a thin gold layer. The sensing analysis is performed by equally splitting the input light into two arms, allowing the sensor to be calibrated by its reference arm. Two different 1 × 2 power splitter configurations are presented: a directional coupler and a multimode interference splitter. The waveguide sidewall roughness is considered as the major negative effect caused by deposition imperfections. The simulation results show that plasmonic effects can be excited in the interferometric waveguide structure, allowing a sensing device with enough sensitivity to support the functioning of a bio sensor for high throughput screening. In addition, the good tolerance to the waveguide wall roughness, points out the PECVD deposition technique as reliable method for the overall sensor system to be produced in a low-cost system. The large area deposition of photonics structures, allowed by the PECVD method, can be explored to design a multiplexed system for analysis of multiple biomarkers to further increase the tolerance to fabrication defects.

Problems of Implementation of an Import Substitution Policy in the Oil Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Vertakova ◽  
A. S. Evtyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact

The presented study addresses the issues of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry. Support of domestic production is a key objective specified in the message of the President of the Russian Federation in 2019. In light of the current economic situation and considering the importance of the oil industry for the Russian economy, an import substitution policy could help achieve the objective set by the President.Aim. The study aims to identify the problems and ways of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry.Tasks. The authors analyze scientific publications on import substitution and the state of the Russian oil industry at the current stage of development; determine the directions and fundamental trends in the development of the oil industry; identify obstacles that hinder the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry; describe conditions that facilitate the development of the  investment process in the oil industry; propose comprehensive methods and ways to intensify investments and optimize costs for enterprises in the oil industry.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, comparative and statistical analysis to identify problems in the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry.Results. Examination of the current state and development prospects of the oil industry allows the authors to identify obstacles to the development of import substitution. The study shows their impact on the potential of import substitution, which has a negative effect on the prospects of intensification of investment processes, and proposes comprehensive methods and mechanisms that could neutralize the impact of the identified obstacles, thus facilitating the formation of a positive investment climate. Conclusions. Investment climate is shown to have a decisive impact on the potential of import substitution in the Russian oil industry, and ways of overcoming negative trends in the development of the oil industry are proposed.

scholarly journals Reproduction and biomarker responses of Eisenia fetida after exposure to imidacloprid in biochar-amended soil

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngitheni Winnie-Kate Nyoka ◽  
Ozekeke Ogbeide ◽  
Patricks Voua Otomo
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Amended Soil

AbstractTerrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatened by pesticide pollution resulting from extensive use of pesticides, and due to the lack of regulatory measures in the developing world, there is a need for affordable means to lessen environmental effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of biochar amendment on the toxicity of imidacloprid to life-cycle parameters and biomarker responses of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. E. fetida was exposed to 10% biochar-amended and non-amended OECD artificial soils spiked with 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 mg imidacloprid/kg for 28 days. An LC50 of 2.7 mg/kg was only computed in the non-amended soil but not in the biochar-amended soil due to insignificant mortality. The EC50 calculated in the non-amended soil (0.92 mg/kg) for reproduction (fertility) was lower than the one computed in the biochar amended (0.98 mg/kg), indicating a decrease in toxicity in the biochar-amended substrate. Significant weight loss was observed at the two highest imidacloprid treatments in the non-amended soil and only at the highest treatment in the biochar-amended substrate, further highlighting the beneficial effects of biochar. Catalase activity decreased significantly at the two highest concentrations of non-amended soil. Yet, in the amended soil, the activity remained high, especially in the highest concentration, where it was significantly higher than the controls. This indicated more severe oxidative stress in the absence of biochar. In all non-amended treatments, there was a significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition, while lower inhibition percentages were observed in the biochar-amended soil. In most endpoints, the addition of biochar alleviated the toxic effects of imidacloprid, which shows that biochar has the potential to be useful in soil remediation. However, there is still a need for field studies to identify the most effective application rate of biochar for land application.

Vegetation as an indicator of underground smoldering fire on coal-waste dumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 103287
Author(s):  
Anna Abramowicz ◽  
Oimahmad Rahmonov ◽  
Ryszard Chybiorz ◽  
Justyna Ciesielczuk
Keyword(s):  
Coal Waste ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Smoldering Fire
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