MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF CHESTNUT SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST TRANSBAIKAL

The microbiological researches in chestnut soil of South-West Transbaikalia occurring under peculiar natural-climatic conditions have been studied. Seasonal study of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria (saprophytes, proteolytics, cellulolytics), actinomycetes and fungi in chestnut soil has been carried out which showed a rather broad distribution and fixation of microorganisms through the whole soil profile. These groups (to 106C/g) were mostly observed in the top horizons of soils due to the high content of humus (2,91-4,94%), roots, and also regular condensation of atmospheric moisture. Down the profile the number of bacteria and fungi was generally decreasing by 1-3 orders. Feature of the studied soils was the broad distribution of actinomycetes through the whole soil profile and also increased of their number by1-2 orders in the mineral horizons (3 and 4 sites). The higher density of microorganisms was observed in summer (in its second half) and early autumn periods, which are more favorable because of hydrothermal indicators for vital activities of microorganisms in all researched ecosystems. The number of various ecological trophic groups of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi indirect evidence of their large enough role in mineralization processes.

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THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF GRAY FOREST SOIL BACTERIAL CENOSIS UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF USE

Agriciltural microbiology ◽

10.35868/1997-3004.25.36-42 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 36-42

Author(s):

I. M. Malynovska

Keyword(s):

Spatial Structure ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

The State ◽

Illuvial Horizon ◽

Trophic Groups ◽

Biochemical Activity ◽

Mineralization Processes ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Under the conditions of the stationary experiment (agrarian soils) and in the 22-year-old deposit areas, the state of microbiocenoses of individual horizons of gray forest soil: humusaccumulative (0–29 cm), illuvial (30–50 cm), transitional from illuvial horizon to solid (92– 110 cm) was studied. It was established that the quantity and physiological and biochemical activity of the microorganisms of the studied ecological-trophic groups, the intensity and direction of the mineralization processes are changing by the soil profile. The nature and extent of such changes significantly depends on the way the soil is used.

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The state of soil microbiotes during sunflower growing with an herbicide of imidazolinone group

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia-2021-0005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Kostyuchenko ◽

Viktor Lyakh ◽

Anatoliy Soroka

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Root Zone ◽

General Trend ◽

The State ◽

Trophic Groups ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Fold Reduction ◽

Specific Species ◽

Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The effects of various concentrations of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus on the state of microbiota in the root zone of sunflower have been studied. Soil of plant rhizosphere and interrow soil after treatment with the herbicide at the doses of 1.2 and 2.5 l/ha were taken for the analysis at the end of sunflower growing season. Rhizosphere soil without herbicide application was used as a control. The herbicide was applied at the stage of 2–4 true leaves. The total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of control plants was 12.82 million CFU/g of soil while in the rhizosphere and in the interrow soil after herbicide treatment with a dose of 2.5 l/ha it decreased by 1.4–1.5 times. A general trend of decline in number of the basic ecological and trophic groups of bacterial microorganisms with the increase in a dose of herbicide was established. Microbiological coefficients that reflect the functional activity of the microflora indicate changes in its biological activity under the influence of the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, which leads to deterioration in the agroecological state of the studied soils. It was also found that herbicide application resulted in a rearrangement of micromycete complexes in the root zone of sunflower which led to a two-fold reduction, compared to the control, of mycobiota species diversity and the formation of a specific species composition of mycocenoses. A greater genus and species diversity of fungi of the microflora in the rhizosphere of control plants, in comparison with the herbicide-treated soil, was revealed. A reduction in species diversity of the genus Penicillium from six species in the control to 1–2 species in the rhizosphere of experimental sunflower plants as well as the absence of rare saprophytic fungi species from the genera Acremonium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces were noted.

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Microbiology Factor Measurement as Indoor Air Quality Parameter in Public Space

BIOEDUKASI ◽

10.19184/bioedu.v17i2.14482 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Oktofa Setia Pamungkas ◽

Henny Ayu Nirwala ◽

Dina Mala Pardede

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

The Public ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

Private And Public ◽

Factor Measurement ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Indoor Spaces ◽

Number Of Bacteria

Nearly 90% of people spend their time in both private and public indoor spaces. Bank is one of the public indoor spaces accessible to the community, as well as a place for some workers spending time every day. This study was conducted in 6 banking sectors in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, focusing on the existence of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi/mold. The purpose was to investigate the number of microorganisms, both bacteria and fungi, contained in indoor areas of several bank offices in Samarinda. The results showed that the number of bacteria and fungi at several sampling points in 6 offices were above the standard of Permenaker RI No. 5 the year of 2018 and Permenkes RI No. 48 the year of 2016, i.e.,>700 cfu/m3 for bacteria and >1000 cfu/m3 for fungi.

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Microbial Contamination in Some Commercial Biscuits in Baghdad City

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.7.2.867-875 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 867-875

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Local Markets ◽

Esherichia Coli ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Penicillium Spp ◽

Number Of Bacteria

This study has been conducted to know the level of microbial ( bacteria and fungi) contamination in 5 types of biscuits from local markets of Baghdad city. Fifty samples (ten sample for each kind of biscuit) were studed,Two are local,others are Iranian,Turkish,and Holandies. The following results have been achieved :1. The highest number of bacteria was 21.6×103 cell/g in Iranian biscuit while the lowest number was 14.3× 103 cell/g in local biscuit No.1 . The highest number of fungi was 16×103 colony/g and the lowest number was 5.3×103 colony/g in the Iranian and the local biscuit No.1,respectively.2. Staphylococcus aureus was the major bacteria appeared at highest level of 100% in Turkish biscuit. The lowest percentage was found in Hollandian biscuit with 37.28%. Bacillus cereus was the major bacteria with a percentage of 100% in local biscuit No.2 where as the lowest was in local biscuit No,1with a percentage of 20.93%, while it was not existed in Turkish biscuit. Esherichia coli was found in Hollandian biscuit at highest rate of 38.98% , the lowest value was appeared in Iranian biscuit with 28.16% while it was not exited in local biscuit No.1,2 and Turkish biscuit.3. Aspergillus niger appeared at highest level of 66.66% in Hollandian biscuit, while was the lowest 37.73% in local biscuit No.1 and not existed in local biscuit No.2, The highest value of A.flavus was 69.76% in local biscuit No.2 and the lowest value in Hollandian biscuit in percentage 8.33%. It has not appeared in Iranian and Turkish biscuit. The A. terreus appeared at highest rate in Turkish biscuit with 33.33% , the lowest value was in local biscuit No.2 at 11.62% and was not appeared in Hollandian biscuit.The Penicillium spp. Was found at highest rate 25% in Hollandian biscuit , the lowest value of 9.52% was appeared in Turkish biscuit.

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Kandungan Total Bakteri dan Total Fungi pada Pellet Limbah Penetasan yang Dibuat dengan Penambahan Bentonit

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v16i2.3192 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Aprilian Adi Nugroho ◽

Sri Sumarsih ◽

Bambang Sulistiyanto

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Total Content ◽

Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Total Fungi ◽

Number Of Bacteria ◽

Total Bacteria ◽

Range Test

ABSTRAK. Penelitian efek penambahan bentonit dalam proses pelleting terhadap total bakteri dan total fungi dari produk pellet limbah penetasan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif, telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro. Penambahan bentonit pada proses pelleting diharapkan mengurangi total bakteri dan total fungi pada pellet olahan limbah penetasan, sehingga aman digunakan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Pada penelitian ini limbah penetasan yang berupa cangkang telur, telur infertile, telur gagal menetas, serta DOC afkir dan mati dihancurkan, dicampur dengan bentonit dan dibuat pellet, untuk kemudian dianalisis kandungan total bakteri dan total fungi pada produk pellet. Perlakuan bentonit dilakukan dengan aras 0, 2, 4 dan 6% (B/B). Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bentonit dari berbagai level berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01). Pemberian bentonit pada tingkat tertinggi (6%) mampu menekan total bakteri dan total fungi pada kisaran 105 cfu/g. Disimpulkan bahwa bentonit mampu menekan kandungan total bakteri dan total fungi pada produk pellet limbah penetasan. (Numbers of total bacteria and total fungi of hatchery waste pellets that made by adding bentonite) ABSTRACT. A Research about the effect of bentonite addition in the pelletizing process on total bacteria and total fungi of pellet product of hatchery waste as an alternative feedstuff, was done at Feed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University. The addition of bentonite was expected to reduce the number of bacteria and fungi in the pellet product of hatchery waste, therefore, it could be used safely as an alternative feedstuff. In this experiment, the hatchery waste in the forms of eggshell, infertile eggs, un-hatched eggs, dead and culled DOC were blended, mixed with bentonite and pelleted,and then the number of total bacteria and total fungi of pellet was analyzed. The treatment was carried out with the level of bentonite i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 6% (w/w). Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied by 4 treatments and 5 replications of each. Data analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) to determine differences among the treatments. The results showed that administration of bentonite at various levels significantly affect the number of bacteria and fungi in the hatchery waste pellets (P <0.01). Administration of bentonite at the level of 6% shows the highest value on suppressing the content of total bacteria as well as fungi up to the range of total content 105cfu/g. In conclusion, the bentonite was able to suppress the total amount of bacteria and total fungi in the hatchery waste pellets.

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Geochemistry and original nature of Precambrian khondalites in the Eastern Ghats, Orissa, India

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Earth Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0263593300011020 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 115-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

B. Dash ◽

K. N. Sahu ◽

D. R. Bowes

Keyword(s):

Soil Profile ◽

Granulite Facies ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Eastern Ghats ◽

Mass Wasting ◽

Groundwater Movement ◽

Weathered Soil ◽

Average Analysis ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Alkaline Earths

ABSTRACTThe quartz-sillimanite-garnet rocks of the Precambrian khondalite assemblage of Orissa consist dominantly of SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + FeO (average c. 95%) with Fe2O3 > FeO. An average analysis (H2O and CO2 free) also shows MgO, CaO and Na2O having 1·0, 0·5 and 0·4%, respectively. Compared with average crustal abundances, enrichment is shown in SiO2, Al2O3 and Fetot and depletion shown in MgO, CaO, Na2O and P2O5 with that for CaO being more than an order of magnitude and that for Na2O being a factor of >7. On an SiO2–Al2O3–Fetot plot a clearly defined field, elongate nearly parallel to the SiO2–Al2O3 sideline, is similar to that for deeply weathered soil profiles in Brazil. This correspondence also extends to enrichment, stability or depletion, compared to crustal averages, for Ce, Co, Cu, Ga, La, Ni, Nb, Th, U, Y, Zn and Zr, but not for Ba, Cr and Rb. In addition comparison of the proportions and ratios of alkalis and alkaline earths in average khondalite and in a weathering profile over a granodiorite, considered to be typical of the weathering of continents, shows remarkable similarities.The major and trace element data are consistent with the khondalites being granulite facies—upper amphibolite facies metamorphic equivalents of a deeply weathered soil profile. Associated quartzites and calc-silicate granulites are interpreted as having been silcretes and calcretes, respectively. This interpretation implies (1) the previous existence of a large stable cratonic mass on which the soil profile formed, (2) climatic conditions suitable for the development of such a profile, (3) topography, drainage systems and groundwater movement in Precambrian times similar to those of present day peneplane regions, (4) the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere, (5) rapid covering (e.g. by products of volcanism) to preclude mass wasting, (6) a Precambrian stratigraphy in the crystalline rocks of the Eastern Ghats region similar to that of South India, and (7) orogenesis that involved tectonic repetition of lithological units and a mechanism for taking products of surface weathering down to granulite facies P–T conditions and subsequently elevating them.

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Lightning-Caused and Human-Induced Forest Fires as Evidenced By Pteridium Spores in Selected Quaternary Records from Poland

Studia Quaternaria ◽

10.2478/squa-2013-0003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 29-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krzysztof Bińka ◽

Jerzy Nitychoruk

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Forest Zone ◽

Lightning Strikes ◽

The Holocene ◽

Middle Holocene ◽

Natural Fires ◽

Long Time ◽

Successional Stages

Abstract The occurrence of Pteridium spores - the common fire-adapted plant - was observed in Poland’s Pleistocene (three interglacials and numerous interstadials) and Holocene pollen sequences. Until the onset of the middle Holocene, bracken was recorded relatively rarely. This marks climatic conditions with sporadic wildfires, followed by quick re- moval of the clones (or maintenance of the clones in a suppressed state) in the subsequent, post fire successional stages. In each interglacial we can also identify short periods (most often synchronous) of somewhat higher frequency of Pteridium, indicating a possible increase in natural fires as an effect of stormy conditions. These short periods are placed mainly within phases dominated by coniferous woodlands. The very high content of bracken found from a reanalysis of the long Saalian sequence at Ossówka as three regular culminations just above three non-tree phases, eastern Poland is the unique exception. To explain this we found the close modem analogue of the above phenomenon in the Alaskan region, at the boundary between the tundra and the boreal zone where in a very narrow forest zone, especially with the continental signature, lightning-initiated fires are very frequent (the edge effect). Pleistocene records of bracken during forest periods might indicate that thunderstorms and lightning strikes were responsible for its higher content. This is not to exclude the possibility that interglacial fires were set by Palaeolithic humans. However, it is more likely that the wildfires were utilized and to some extent controlled, especially at Ossówka, where the palaeolake existed for a long time after the interglacial; and this surely attracted the attention of game and humans. Our investigations show that rare, more abundant Pteridium in the Pleistocene sequences can be traced throughout the corresponding periods even at distant sites. This might be indirect evidence of a climatic pattern that promote stormy conditions and fires at that time. In the Holocene, different factors seem to be responsible for the long-term dynamics in Pteridium clones. Both in Poland and in adjacent areas bracken peaked in the middle Holocene from 8000 to 5000 BP, when this territory was occupied by deciduous woodlands. There is agreement that this is due to burning of forests by the hunter-gatherer societies of the Late Mesolithic. However, in spite of increased clearings in the subsequent phases bracken substantially decreased in abundance. This means first of all that fires rather than clearings were responsible for the rise in Pteridium spores in the Holocene pollen sequences.

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Effects of crop and pasture rotations and surface cover on rainfall infiltration on a Kandosol in south-west Queensland

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr07162 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. A. Thomas ◽

D. N. Orange ◽

A. J. King

Keyword(s):

Soil Profile ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Rainfall Infiltration ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Rainfall Simulator ◽

Fallow Period ◽

Surface Cover ◽

South West

An experiment was conducted on a Kandosol in south-west Queensland from 2001 to 2005 to determine the effects of fallow management practices and crop and pasture rotations on soil properties and crop production. In April 2004, infiltration measurements were made using a rainfall simulator at the end of a 6-month fallow period following harvest of crop phases (wheat under reduced tillage and zero tillage, chickpea under zero tillage) and following termination of pasture phases (2-year legume and grass + legume leys) with herbicide application and zero tillage during the fallow period. Measurements were made at 3 surface cover levels in each treatment: (i) where crop or pasture dry matter was cut at ground level and removed to approximate 0% cover, (ii) at existing cover percentage, and (iii) where wheat straw was added to give 100% cover. In a separate study to monitor water infiltration, the movement of bromide applied to the soil surface in November 2003 was monitored in the soil profile to 1.5 m soil depth in April 2004 and February 2005. Mean cumulative infiltration after 100 mm rainfall over 1 h was 35, 42, and 69 mm (l.s.d. P = 0.05, 6) with 0%, existing, and 100% cover, respectively, and was greater following wheat (52 mm) than following chickpea (39 mm) under zero tillage (l.s.d. P = 0.05, 13). Short-term pasture leys did not appear to improve infiltration characteristics of the soil under the conditions of this study. In the rainfall simulator study, mean drainage of water below 1.5 m soil depth was 8.5% of applied rainfall. In the bromide tracer study, only ~12% of the applied bromide could be accounted for in the 0–1.5 m soil depth 15 months after application. Rainfall received during this period was similar to the long-term mean amount. Results demonstrate the importance of surface cover in increasing rainfall infiltration on this soil, thereby potentially improving soil water storage for crop and pasture production and reducing the risk of runoff and soil erosion. However, the relatively rapid movement of water and solutes through the soil profile has implications for possible adverse effects of drainage to lower parts of the landscape and for nutrient leaching below the root-zone, decreasing the availability of soil and applied nutrients to crops and pastures.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Ultrasonic Extracts of Two Chemotypes of Thymus serpyllum L. of Central Kazakhstan and their Polyphenolic Profiles

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.5520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Svetlana Ivasenko ◽

Perizat Orazbayeva ◽

Krystyna Skalicka–Wozniak ◽

Agnieszka Ludwiczuk ◽

Alexandr Marchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Quantitative Content ◽

Two Samples ◽

Thymus Serpyllum ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

BACKGROUND: The medicinal plant of Thymus serpyllum L. in nature, depending on the geographical region, climatic conditions, and growing environment, is represented with some chemotypes. Composition and quantitative content of the basic groups of the biologically active substances can be differed, and thus their biological properties are also various. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine possibility of the using the ultrasonic extracts of two chemotypes of T. serpyllum L. of Central Kazakhstan as an antimicrobial agent against test strains of microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two samples of T. serpyllum were extracted with 70% ethanol using ultrasound. The polyphenol content of the ultrasound extracts was determined using the LC-ultraviolet-ESI- tandem mass spectrometry technique. A study of an antimicrobial activity of the ultrasonic extracts was performed with eight strains of Gram-positive bacteria, six strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and four cultures of fungi. RESULTS: The ultrasonic extracts of two chemotypes of T. serpyllum L. are similar in composition of phenolic compounds but differ in a quantitative content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, except for a rosmarinic acid. The ultrasonic extracts have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, exhibit the bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against all tested bacteria and fungi at a concentration of 0.0625–20 mg/ml, but differ in their strength of action against test strains of microorganisms. CONCLUSION: The ultrasonic extracts of two chemotypes of T. serpyllum L. of Central Kazakhstan can be considered as a potential drug with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The results of chromatographic analysis will be used for standardization of a drug.

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Indoor Microbiological air Pollution in the Hospital

Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON ◽

10.7251/qol2001005s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Ljiljana Stojanović Bjelić ◽

Predrag Ilić ◽

Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Health Impact ◽

Indoor Environments ◽

Direct Connection ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Wide Range ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

The Republic ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Number Of Bacteria

Microorganisms in the air of occupational indoor environments are associated with a wide range of adverse health effects with major public health impact. The aim of this study was testing the presence of microbiological parameters (bacteria and fungi) and microclimatic parameters (temperature and relative humidity) in the clinical hospital “St. Luke the Apostle” in Doboj, which is located in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Concentrations of bacteria ranged from 35 CFU/m3 to 6,295 CFU/m3. Maximum fungal concentration was 1,135 CFU/m3, while the minimum was 10 CFU/m3. The average levels of bacteria (1,113 CFU/m3) and fungi (186 CFU/m3) indicated that all hospital rooms were generally contaminated. Statistical analysis confirmed direct connection between the number of bacteria, fungi and microclimatic parameters, especially relative humidity.

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