Durability of untreated Norway spruce (Picea abies) exposed outdoors above ground for nine years

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bergström ◽  
Å. Rydell ◽  
T. Elowson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Abstract Moisture dynamics and durability during weather exposure as affected by origin and production method were studied for nine years on 113 untreated spruce samples. The moisture content was measured on 67 occasions. The weight loss was determined for each sample at the end of the sampling period. The most important factors, affecting both moisture content and weight loss, were origin and drying technique. The samples originating from central Sweden had the best durability, followed by the southern stand, while the northern stand had the lowest durability in terms of weight loss. Air-drying had a negative impact on the performance of samples from all three stands, but to different degrees. Samples from the northern stand were most sensitive to air-drying, in terms of both weight loss and moisture content, followed by the southern stand, while the central stand was least sensitive. Why the samples from the northern stand were more sensitive to air-drying and showed the largest weight losses is unknown; it can only be suggested that the origin of the wood can be of importance for the durability.

scholarly journals Psychological factors in reducing excess body weight after bariatric surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Aleksandr E. Neimark ◽  
Shushanna A. Eganian ◽  
Maxim I. Galchenko
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Statistical Programming ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

BACKGROUND: The relevance of the problem of obesity today is not in doubt. One of the most effective treatments today is bariatric surgery. At the same time, the effectiveness of the surgical method is not always predictable, as it is influenced by various factors, including the psychological state of the patient. AIM: To study the psychological characteristics of patients with obesity before and after surgical (bariatric) treatment and to establish the relationship with weight loss. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study involved 32 patients with morbid obesity before and a year after laparoscopic longitudinal resection of the stomach with an initial body mass index of 45.36 (+54.90; -33.00). Questionnaire used: Symptom Check List-90-R (L.R. Derogatis). Statistical data processing was carried out using the statistical programming language R. RESULTS: The presence or increase in the level of phobic anxiety (a persistent reaction of fear to certain people, situations and places) and psychotism (isolation, interpersonal isolation, avoidance) in a patient can have a negative impact on the success of weight loss in the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS. The psychological factors affecting the prognosis of weight loss after bariatric surgery have been identified. Psychological testing and determining the patients psychotype can be predictive in improving the outcome of surgical treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Factors affecting consumers´ preferences for products from aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Greta Krešić ◽  
Jelka Pleadin ◽  
Snježana Zrnčić ◽  
Nikolina Liović ◽  
Anamarija Buneta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquaculture Products

Fish is an essential component of a balanced and healthy diet and the present demand for fish cannot be sustained by capture fisheries. Consequently, aquaculture is currently the fastest growing food production industry in the world, contributing to more than half of the global fish production intended for human consumption. Although the image of aquaculture is not necessarily negative per se, consumers around the world still have a greater preference for wild fish. Therefore, the aim of this review is to critically evaluate some of the factors which may affect consumer preferences: socio-demographic characteristics of consumers, quality and safety perception of products from aquaculture, price of aquaculture products and socio-economic aspects of aquaculture, and concerns about the negative impact of aquaculture on the environment and about the sustainability of the production method. A literature review confirmed that age is the most influential sociodemographic variable. Being younger, female or having higher income and a higher education level can result in greater preference for aquaculture products. The image of farmed fish suffers from a perception of lower quality in terms of taste, health and nutritional value and, in some cases, even from low safety perceptions. On the other hand, farmed fish is believed to have lower prices and greater availability. Additionally, economic benefits are one of the main advantages of aquaculture. Mixed results emerge, however, with regard to the environmental impact of aquaculture, but sustainable production may compensate for possible environmental concerns and drive preference for farmed fish. Depending on how consumers weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of both aquaculture and its products, this will result in a preference for wild or farmed fis

PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE HAMMER MILL 锤片式粉碎机参数优化与试验研究

2020 ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Changbin He ◽  
Haiqing Tian ◽  
Liu Fei ◽  
Zhang Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Corn Grain

Low productivity and high electricity consumption are considered problems of the hammer mill, which is widely used in current feed production. In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn grain ground by a hammer mill were analysed, and the key factors affecting the performance of the hammer mill were determined. The single-factor experiment and three-factor, three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment were carried out with the spindle speed, corn grain moisture content and number of hammers as experimental factors and the productivity and electricity consumption per ton as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the order of influence on the productivity was spindle speed > corn grain moisture content > number of hammers and that the order of influence on the electricity consumption per ton was corn grain moisture content > spindle speed > number of hammers. The parameters were optimized based on the response surface method with the following results: the spindle speed was 4306 r/min, the corn grain moisture content was 10%, and the number of hammers was 24. The validation experiment was carried out with the optimal parameters’ combination. The productivity and electricity consumption per ton were 988.12 kg/h and 5.37 kW·h/t, respectively, which were consistent with the predicted results of the model.

EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenevna Mashyanova ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global Financial System

In modern conditions of development, financial security is an integral part of the overall security of the region and is formed on the basis of the functioning of the financial system. The complication of relationships between key segments of international financial markets, as well as the limited ability to accurately predict future trends in the development of the global financial system, lead to a gradual increase in the risks that accompany the activities of economic entities, and an increase in the number and scale of internal and external threats that have a negative impact on the financial security of the state. This formulation of the issue requires generalization of approaches to determining the financial security of the region in order to further formalize this issue and determine the key factors affecting it. The article considers the types of financial security, as well as certain areas of ensuring the financial security of the region and their priority. In work the assessment of the level of socio-economic development of the region with a view to ensuring financial security on the basis of which offers the main activities and priority areas of implementation of the investment policy that will ensure financial security of the Republic of Crimea.

scholarly journals Impact of Experimentally Induced Cognitive Dietary Restraint on Eating Behavior Traits, Appetite Sensations, and Markers of Stress during Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Morin ◽  
Catherine Bégin ◽  
Julie Maltais-Giguère ◽  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Weight loss has been associated with changes in eating behaviors and appetite sensations that favor a regain in body weight. Since traditional weight loss approaches emphasize the importance of increasing cognitive dietary restraint (CDR) to achieve negative energy imbalance, it is difficult to untangle the respective contributions of energy restriction and increases in CDR on factors that can eventually lead to body weight regain. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of energy restriction alone or in combination with experimentally induced CDR on eating behavior traits, appetite sensations, and markers of stress in overweight and obese women. We hypothesized that the combination of energy restriction and induced CDR would lead to more prevalent food cravings, increased appetite sensations, and higher cortisol concentrations than when energy restriction is not coupled with induced CDR. A total of 60 premenopausal women (mean BMI: 32.0 kg/m2; mean age: 39.4 y) were provided with a low energy density diet corresponding to 85% of their energy needs during a 4-week fully controlled period. At the same time, women were randomized to either a condition inducing an increase in CDR (CDR+ group) or a condition in which CDR was not induced (CRD− group). Eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Food Craving Questionnaire), appetite sensations (after standardized breakfast), and markers of stress (Perceived Stress Scale; postawakening salivary cortisol) were measured before (T = 0 week) and after (T = 4 weeks) the 4-week energy restriction, as well as 3 months later. There was an increase in CDR in the CDR+ group while no such change was observed in the CDR− group (p=0.0037). No between-group differences were observed for disinhibition, hunger, cravings, appetite sensations, perceived stress, and cortisol concentrations. These results suggest that a slight increase in CDR has no negative impact on factors regulating energy balance in the context of energy restriction.

FACTORS AFFECTING WEIGHT LOSS IN CARROTS

1971 ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Apeland ◽  
H. Baugerød
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Session 3 (Joint with the British Dietetic Association): Management of obesity Weight-loss interventions in the treatment of obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hankey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Weight Losses

Treatments to induce weight loss for the obese patient centre on the achievement of negative energy balance. This objective can theoretically be attained by interventions designed to achieve a reduction in energy intake and/or an increase in energy expenditure. Such ‘lifestyle interventions’ usually comprise one or more of the following strategies: dietary modification; behaviour change; increases in physical activity. These interventions are advocated as first treatment steps in algorithms recommended by current clinical obesity guidelines. Medication and surgical treatments are potentially available to those unable to implement ‘lifestyle interventions’ effectively by achieving losses of between 5 kg and 10 kg. It is accepted that the minimum of 5% weight loss is required to achieve clinically-meaningful benefits. Dietary treatments differ widely. Successful weight loss is most often associated with quantification of energy intake rather than macronutrient composition. Most dietary intervention studies secure a weight loss of between 5 kg and 10 kg after intervention for 6 months, with gradual weight regain at 1 year where weight changes are 3–4 kg below the starting weight. Some dietary interventions when evaluated at 2 and 4 years post intervention report the effects of weight maintenance rather than weight loss. Specific anti-obesity medications are effective adjuncts to weight loss, in most cases doubling the weight loss of those given dietary advice only. Greater physical activity alone increases energy expenditure by insufficient amounts to facilitate clinically-important weight losses, but is useful for weight maintenance. Weight losses of between half and three-quarters of excess body weight are seen at 10 years post intervention with bariatric surgery, making this arguably the most effective weight-loss treatment.

Detection of moisture and carotenoid content in carrot slices during hot air drying based on multispectral imaging equipment with selected wavelengths

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 727-735
Author(s):  
Jiamei Long ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Leiqing Pan ◽  
Kang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hot Air

Abstract Moisture content and carotenoid content are important indicators for evaluating the drying process of carrot slices. There are growing attention to develop non-destructive methods as effectively analytical tools in quality assurance of drying carrot slices. In this study, the characteristic wavelengths of moisture and carotenoid content in carrot slices during hot air drying were extracted based on hyperspectral imaging technology. A multispectral imaging equipment was built after that, and the wavelengths of filters were determined according to the characteristic wavelengths. Based on the successive projection algorithm (SPA), the optimal wavelengths of moisture and carotenoid content were further determined, and prediction models of both were established based on the system. There were 12 filters selected in this study. The results showed that a support vector machine (SVM) prediction model for moisture content was established based on seven optimal wavelengths with 0.991 for the coefficient of determination of prediction set (R 2 p ) and 10.318 for the residual prediction residual (RPD). Based on eight optimal wavelengths, a SVM prediction model for carotenoid content was also established with 0.968 for R 2 p and 5.337 for RPD. The prediction performance is close to or even better than that based on hyperspectral. The study confirmed the feasibility of using the multispectral imaging equipment to measure the moisture and carotenoid content of carrot slices during drying based on selected wavelengths, laying a foundation for the further preparation of a portable multispectral detector for the quality of dry products.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional audit of distress in patients undergoing adjuvant therapy or follow-up in central nervous system malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Vijay M Patil ◽  
Mridul Malhotra ◽  
Raees Tonse ◽  
Jayita Deodhar ◽  
Arun Chandrasekharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Distress Score ◽  
High Distress ◽  
Cancer Network

Abstract Background Unaddressed high distress leads to noncompliance with treatment, negatively affects quality of life, and may also have a negative impact on the prognosis of cancer patients. Patients with brain tumors have higher levels of distress than the general population and hence we hypothesize that even routine visits during adjuvant treatment or follow-up are likely to be stressful. This analysis was performed to identify the incidence of distress and factors affecting it. Methods This was an audit of 84 consecutive patients seen in an adult neuro-medical oncology outpatient department who were either receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or were on follow-up. Distress screening with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress thermometer was performed. Patients in whom distress was scored as 4 or above were considered as having high distress. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors affecting distress. Results The median age of the cohort was 40 years (interquartile range, 28.3 to 50 years). Actionable distress defined as a distress score of 4 or more was seen in 52 patients (61.9%, 95% CI 51.2% to 71.5%). Presence of physical deficit (odds ratio [OR] = 3.412, P = .020) and treatment under the private category (OR = 5.273, P = .003) had higher odds of having high distress. Conclusion A high proportion of brain tumor patients either on adjuvant chemotherapy or on follow-up have high distress levels that need to be addressed even during follow-up.

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