Tack and shear strength of hybrid adhesive systems made of phenol-formaldehyde, dextrin and fish glue, and acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sahaf ◽  
Karl Englund ◽  
Marie-Pierre G. Laborie
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Block Test ◽  
Shear Block

Abstract The development of adhesives that have good initial adhesion (tack) that provides improved mat integrity during shape-forming of wood composites has been the subject of recent research. Hybrid adhesives were made based on thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde (PF), to which three tacky adhesives were added: high tack fish glue (FG), dextrin glue (DX) and a commercial acrylic, pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA). Tacky adhesives were blended with PF at weight levels of 25%, 50% and 75%. The time-dependent tack development of the resulting hybrid adhesives was evaluated by means of a texture analyzer. The bond strength of adhesives was measured after curing by shear block test. PF/DX blends exhibited the highest tack during longer open times, while blends of PF and FG had low tack during shorter times. PF/PSA blends lost their bond strength completely after being heated at the curing temperature of PF. PF/FG blends did not show a significant decrease in bond strength compared to pure PF. The addition of DX had no effect on shear strength at ratios <75%.

scholarly journals Water-borne pressure-sensitive adhesives acrylics modified using amorphous silica nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Czech ◽  
Zbigniew Maciejewski ◽  
Krystyna Kondratowicz-Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Counter Ion ◽  
Peel Adhesion ◽  
Medical Materials ◽  
Water Borne

Abstract The application of water-borne pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) based on acrylics is increasing in a variety of industrial areas. The have been used for manufacturing of double sided and carrier free mounting tapes, splicing tapes, marking and sign films, self-adhesive labels, packaging tapes, protective films and diverse high quality medical materials. Nano-sized inorganic fillers can modify diverse adhesive and self-adhesive coating properties such as tack, peel adhesion, shear strength at 20°C and 70°C, and removability Amorphous synthetic silica nanoparticles in form of water dispersions: Ludox PX-30 (30 wt.% silica stabilizing with counter ion sodium), Ludox PT-40 (40 wt.% silica stabilizing with counter ion sodium), Ludox PT-40AS (40 wt.% silica stabilizing with counter ion ammonium), and Ludox PW-50 (50 wt.% silica stabilizing with counter ion sodium) (from Grace) in concentrations between 1 and 5wt.% were used for modifying of water-born pressure-sensitive adhesive acrylics: Acronal 052, Acronal CR 516 (both BASF) and Plextol D273 (Synthomer) properties. It has been found in this study that the nano-technologically reinforced system containing of Acronal 052 and amorphous silica Ludox PX-30 showed a great enhancement in tack, peel adhesion and shear strength. In this paper we evaluate the performance of Acronal 052 modified with amorphous silica Ludox PX-30.

scholarly journals Shear Block Test Performance of Melunak and Mengkulang

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Jihan Abd Malek ◽  
Rohana Hassan ◽  
Azmi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed Hasan Alhebshi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Average Shear Strength ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Average Shear ◽  
Block Test ◽  
Shear Block

This paper presented results of shear block test performance of tropical glued-laminated timber (glulam) from species of melunak and mengkulang. Glulam blocks were manufactured in accordance with MS758:2001. The shear block test for glue lines and the shear strength tests of melunak and mengkulang were conducted and evaluated in accordance with BS EN 14080:2013. Melunak and mengkulang produced average shear strength values of 10.62 N/mm2 and 8.19 N/mm2, respectively. In terms of wood and glue failure percentage, the results showed that melunak and mengkulang were mainly failed due to wood surface area and not due to the glue lamination in which both melunak and mengkulang showed a good bonding performance. 

scholarly journals Novel Photoreactive Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (PSA) Based on Acrylics Containing Additionable Photoinitiators

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5151
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Czech ◽  
Janina Kabatc ◽  
Marcin Bartkowiak ◽  
Adam Licbarski ◽  
Karolina Mozelewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽  
Uv Crosslinking ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Peel Adhesion ◽  
Uv Dose

A new class of additionable ultraviolet photoinitiators that can be used, through addition, for modification of the acrylic polymer chain and their influence of main properties of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) is described here. The photoinitiators studied are based on benzophenone, dibenzofuran and anthraquinone chromophores. The propyleneimine carbonyl is the reactive additionable group incorporated in the photoinitiator structure. First, the solvent-borne acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive was synthesized and characterized. Then, a photoinitiator suitable for addition to the acrylic polymer chain possessing a carboxyl group was added before UV-irradiation. A mechanism of UV-initiated cross-linking reaction of acrylic PSA with additionable photoinitiators was done as well. The influence of the concentration and type of photoinitiator, UV-crosslinking time and UV-dose on peel adhesion, shear strength and tack of solvent-borne acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives cross-linked by UV light was studied and presented here. It was found that the tack depends on the UV-dose and photoinitiator concentration. An increase of UV dose results in an increase of shear strength of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) formulations.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Processing Hot-Melt Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive (HMPSA) with Solvent in the Lab

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Jing Xue ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Haofei Huang ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Reasons ◽  
Hot Melt

Hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive (HMPSA) is an environmentally benign adhesive which is typically processed without solvent in industries. However, casting solution method is commonly used for experimental purposes in the lab for convenience. Therefore, seven types of solvent with different polarities, including toluene as the most commonly used solvent, were investigated in this work to study the feasibilities. Quick bond strength and holding power were tested with different types of solvents and different adhesive weight percent in the prepared solutions. Through viscosity measurement, thermal analysis, and compositional analysis, the correlation between the chosen solvents and adhesive performance was further explored. It was found that the differences in the obtained bond strength of HMPSA treated with a variety of solvents were due to physical reasons instead of chemical reactions, and a solvent with similar polarity to toluene (e.g., tetrachloride, octane) should be considered as an option because a similar polymer chain relaxation could be maintained as the original HMPSA without solvent treatment. In this study, the mechanism of choosing toluene as common solvent for HMPSA testing was analyzed, and the feasibility of optional solvents was discussed.

scholarly journals An effect of carboxymethyl starch addition on adhesion to paper of water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wilpiszewska ◽  
Zbigniew Czech
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Shear Strength Test ◽  
Carboxymethyl Starch ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Peel Adhesion

Abstract Introducing biopolymer derivative, i.e. carboxymethyl starch into pressure-sensitive adhesives for paper industry has been proposed. Obtained adhesives were transferred onto water-dispersible paper carrier giving repulpable double-sided splicing tape. The effect of carboxymethyl starch degree of substitution on essential adhesive properties: tack, peel adhesion, as well as shear strength for steel and various papers has been tested. Additionally, the solubility in water and alkaline medium has been evaluated. The highest tack and peel adhesion increase was reported for PSA containing CMS with degree of substitution DS 0.86, to fax paper. Moreover, the dynamic shear strength test imitating the shear conditions in paper processing revealed, that the highest values of this parameters exhibited the system with 15 wt.% CMS DS 0.86. For this system the shortest water-dissolving times as well as at elevated pH were noted: 314 s and 60 s, respectively.

scholarly journals Some properties of LVL composed of poplar and beech veneer and possibilities of their application for window frames

2017 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Vladislav Zdravkovic ◽  
Aleksandar Lovric ◽  
Igor Dzincic ◽  
Nemanja Pantovic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Window Frame ◽  
Glue Joint ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this paper was a research of physical and mechanical properties of LVL composed of peeled poplar veneers in core layers and only outer layers of beech peeled veneers, so as the examination of window frame glue joint strength produced of this material. LVL boards have been hot pressed in industrial conditions, using appropriate phenol formaldehyde (PP) adhesive. Samples for corner window frame glue joint strength testing were glued with PVAc D4 class adhesive. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences both in moisture content and density of LVL boards regarding their thickness, while in the case of hardness this difference did not exist. Examinations of LVL glue line shear strength showed that both phenol formaldehyde (PP) and PVAc D4 class adhesives fulfilled standard requirements. The results of corner window frame double tenon glue joint strength produced from combined poplar-beech veneer LVL indicated that such material could be used to produce window frame corner joint, strong enough to withstand the additional load, without an increase of the cross section.

scholarly journals Effect of Testing Rate on Adhesion Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Standard Malaysian Rubber Blend-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
B. T. Poh ◽  
Junidah Lamaming
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Testing Rate ◽  
Pressure Sensitive

The dependence of loop tack, peel strength, and shear strength of NBR/SMR L blend-based pressure-sensitive adhesives on the rate of testing was investigated using coumarone-indene resin and toluene as the tackifier and solvent, respectively. A 40% NBR content in the NBR/SMR L blend was used throughout the experiment. The adhesion properties were measured by a Lloyd Adhesion Tester operating at different rates of testing. The result indicates that loop tack, peels strength, and shear strength increase with the rate of testing due to the viscoelastic response of the adhesive. At low testing rate, the failure mode is cohesive in nature whereas adhesion failure mode occurs at higher testing rates. Adhesion properties also increase with the increase in adhesive coating thickness, an observation which is attributed to the wettability of the adhesive and viscoelastic behavior of the rubber blend.

Hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive for seamless bonding of nylon fabric Part II: Process parameter optimization for seamless bonding of nylon fabric

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Feng Jeffrey Kuo ◽  
Wei Lun Lan ◽  
Jui-Wen Wang ◽  
John-Ber Chen ◽  
Pin-Hua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Phosphine Oxide ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Functional Monomer ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Nylon Fabric ◽  
Hot Melt

This study develops hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives (HMPSAs) for the seamless bonding of nylon fabric, using butyl acrylate as the main monomer material and mixing the functional monomer for polymerization. It is combined with 2-10phr diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide for the photoinitiator and ultraviolet irradiation is used to make a pre-polymer. The effects of butyl acrylate content, type of functional monomer, and 2-10phr diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide content on the molecular weight of acrylate pre-polymer are discussed, following the Taguchi method. The pre-polymer is then mixed with the reactive diluent glycidyl methacrylate blend and with 2-10phr diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide, coated on a release film, irradiated by ultraviolet light, and cured into hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives. The adhesive properties of hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive bonding on nylon include the peel strength, the shear strength, adhesive warpage, adhesive color difference, and adhesive overflow, which are discussed following the Taguchi method and the elimination and choice translating reality method for multi-quality analysis. Hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives are implemented by optimization parameters for practical validation. The results show that the peel strength of hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives is 1.495 kg/cm, the shear strength of hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives is 14.326 kg/cm2, adhesive warpage is 0.93 mm, adhesive color difference is 1.66, and adhesive overflow is 0.97 mm. The performance of HMPSAs in this study is enhanced effective.

scholarly journals New Binary Blends of Ethylene-co-n-butyl Acrylate (EBA) Copolymer and Low Molecular Weight Rosin Ester Resin with Potential as Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Sancho-Querol ◽  
Andrés Yáñez-Pacios ◽  
José Martín-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Binary Blends ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Rosin Ester

For improving the adhesion property of ethylene-co-n-butyl acrylate copolymer (EBA) at ambient temperature, binary blends of EBA with 27 wt% n-butyl acrylate and different amounts (20–62 wt%) of low molecular weight hydrogenated glycerol rosin ester (ECH) resin have been prepared. The addition of glycerol rosin ester resin decreased the crystallinity and size of the ethylene domains of the EBA copolymer. The addition of up to 50 wt% (100 phr) ECH resin improved the compatibility with the EBA copolymer, whereas when more than 50 wt% (100 phr) ECH resin was added, the compatibility of the blends did not change but the viscoelastic properties were noticeably decreased. Furthermore, the compatibility was noticeably improved by adding only 20 wt% ECH resin although the best compromise between compatibility and viscoelasticity corresponded to the binary blend made with 43 wt% ECH resin. The EBA copolymer + ECH resin blends showed high tack (initial adhesion) at 25 °C and some of them even at 5 °C, and they have adequate 180° peel strength both to polar (polyethylene terephthalate-PET) and nonpolar (polypropylene-PP) substrate. Furthermore, all EBA copolymer + ECH resin blends showed high shear strength at 25 °C. Finally, the blend with 43 wt% ECH resin showed excellent pressure sensitive adhesive property exhibiting excellent creep, high tack, high 180° peel strength, and high single lap-shear strength.

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