Impact of visceral fat volume and fat density on biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy and postoperative radiotherapy

AbstractTo assess the predictive value of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and adipose tissue density after both radical prostatectomy (RP) and adjuvant or salvage external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).We randomly selected 201 patients treated with RP and EBRT between 2005 and 2015. Visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes were manually contoured and corresponding tissue densities in Hounsfield units (HU) calculated. Time to biochemical recurrence (BCR) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons were made using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was done for multivariate analysis.Median time to BCR or last follow-up was 32 months. In univariate analysis for BCR, VAT volume and fat density were both associated with a better outcome (p=0.025 and p=0.024, respectively) as well as seminal vesicle involvement (p=0.024). Body mass index (BMI) was not predictive of BCR (p=0.32). In a multivariate model including seminal vesicle involvement, both a VAT volume above the median (HR2.5, 95%CI 1.1–5.7, p=0.03) and a VAT density (HR 2.4, 95%CI 1.1–5.1, p=0.028) above the median remained predictive for a better biochemical outcome. Adjusting for BMI did not significantly change the model.In both univariate and multivariate analysis, patients with both a larger VAT volume and density had a better biochemical outcome. The interaction between prostate cancer aggressiveness and visceral fat volume and density needs to be further evaluated to provide a better understanding of this disease.

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Different prognostic impact of glucose uptake in visceral adipose tissue according to sex in patients with colorectal cancer

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01086-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jae-Hoon Lee ◽

Soyoung Kim ◽

Hye Sun Lee ◽

Eun Jung Park ◽

Seung Hyuk Baik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Patients ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Fat Volume

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether sex differences in visceral fat volume and glucose uptake measured by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in abdominal visceral fat can stratify overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We retrospectively enrolled 293 patients diagnosed with CRC who underwent PET/CT before surgical resection. Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of visceral adipose tissue (VAT-SUV) and subcutaneous adiposity tissue (SAT-SUV) were measured using PET/CT. The relative VAT (rVAT) was defined as the visceral fat volume normalized to the total volume of fat (VAT plus SAT). We defined sex-specific cutoff values for VAT-SUV, SAT-SUV, and rVAT. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed to identify the independent prognostic factors. The study population comprised 181 men and 112 women. The rVAT (0.40 vs. 0.29, p < 0.001) and VAT-SUV (0.55 vs. 0.48, p = 0.007) were significantly greater in men than in women. High rVAT (than low rVAT) and high VAT-SUV (than low VAT-SUV) showed a worse prognosis in male and female patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that the combination of rVAT and VAT-SUV was an independent prognostic factor for predicting OS in both male and female patients. The combination of rVAT and VAT-SUV could differentiate the patients with the best survival outcome from the other three individual groups in female patients, but not in males. Glucose uptake and relative volume of visceral fat may provide a new risk stratification for patients with CRC, especially female patients.

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Abstract 5822: Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation Synchronize With Inflammatory Activity OF Visceral Fat

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_1011-a ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Eung Ju Kim ◽

Hong Seog Seo ◽

Sungeun Kim ◽

Jin Oh Na ◽

Jae Hyoung Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plaque Inflammation ◽

Visceral Adipose

Background: Visceral adipose tissue is thought to confer increased cardiovascular risk through leukocyte infiltration and increased adipose macrophage activity. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) demonstrated that increased FDG uptake could reflect the severity of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that active atherosclerotic change in the major arteries would accompany increased inflammation within visceral fat and it could be detected in humans using combined FDG PET/computed tomography (CT). Methods: We observed 44 consecutive subjects with cardiovascular disease. For all of them, an one-hour PET/CT (from brain to foot) was performed after injection of FDG (370–555 MBq). FDG uptake in the aorta or its major branches was evaluated visually and semiquantitatively. Maximal standard uptake values (SUV) of the highest regions of interest were calculated in the subcutaneous fat and visceral fat area, separately. Results: Significant FDG uptake in the arterial wall was noted in 21 patients (plaque positive; PP group), all of whom have experienced acute cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke) within a week. The other 23 patients (plaque negative; PN group) had chronic stable angina or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Visceral fat SUV was significantly higher as compared to subcutaneous fat SUV (0.49± 0.15 vs. 0.15± 0.05, p< 0.001) in PP group, whereas there was no significant difference in PN group (0.18± 0.07 vs. 0.16± 0.03, p= 0.622). When we compared two groups, PP group showed higher visceral fat SUV than PN group (p< 0.001). In terms of subcutaneous fat SUV, the results were similar in two groups (p= 0.773). Conclusions: We demonstrated that atherosclerotic plaque inflammation was associated with increased inflammation within visceral fat. Our results need to be confirmed by comparison with histologic or other imaging findings. Further evaluation to determine whether metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue is a marker or mediator of vascular inflammation is also needed.

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Data set for renal sinus fat volume and visceral adipose tissue volume on computed tomography

Data in Brief ◽

10.1016/j.dib.2016.04.027 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1658-1664

Author(s):

Yoko Murakami ◽

Yukihiro Nagatani ◽

Masashi Takahashi ◽

Mitsuru Ikeda ◽

Itsuko Miyazawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Renal Sinus ◽

Data Set ◽

Tissue Volume ◽

Adipose Tissue Volume ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Renal Sinus Fat ◽

Fat Volume

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(-)-Epicatechin reduces adiposity in male offspring of obese rats

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174419000345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sergio De los Santos ◽

Luis Antonio Reyes-Castro ◽

Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez ◽

Juan Pablo Méndez ◽

Marcela Leal-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Experimental Group

AbstractObjective:To determine whether (-)-epicatechin (Epi) could decrease visceral adipose tissue and improve the metabolic profile of male offspring rats, after maternal obesity was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).Design:Maternal obesity in albino Wistar rats was induced with a HFD, whereas male offspring were fed with chow diet throughout the study. Eight male offspring per group, from different litters, were randomly assigned to the experimental or to the control groups. In the experimental group, Epi was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight to the male offspring twice daily for two weeks, beginning at postnatal day (PND).Main measures:Weight of visceral adipose tissue, adipocyte size, and several metabolic parameters.Results:Epi administration in the male offspring induced a significant decrease in the amount of visceral fat (11.61 g less, P < 0.05) and in the size of adipose cells (28% smaller, P < 0.01). Besides, Epi was able to decrease insulin, leptin, and Homeostasis Model Assessment -Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < 0.05), as well as triglycerides, when the experimental group was compared to the untreated male offspring of obese rats (P < 0.01).Conclusions:Epi administration can reverse the negative effects that maternal obesity has on the male offspring. This could be because Epi reduces the amount of visceral fat and improves metabolic profile.

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Limited Effects of Endurance or Interval Training on Visceral Adipose Tissue and Systemic Inflammation in Sedentary Middle-Aged Men

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2016/2479597 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Joshua H. F. Cooper ◽

Blake E. G. Collins ◽

David R. Adams ◽

Robert A. Robergs ◽

Cheyne E. Donges

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Interval Training ◽

Whole Body ◽

Active Recovery ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Visceral Adipose

Purpose. Limited data exists for the effects of sprint-interval training (SIT) and endurance training (ET) on total body composition, abdominal visceral adipose tissue, and plasma inflammation. Moreover, whether “active” or “passive” recovery in SIT provides a differential effect on these measures remains uncertain.Methods. Sedentary middle-aged men (n=62;49.5±5.8 y;29.7±3.7 kg·m2) underwent abdominal computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, venepuncture, and exercise testing before and after the interventions, which included the following: 12 wks 3 d·wk−1 ET (n=15; 50–60 min cycling; 80% HRmax), SIT (4–10 × 30 s sprint efforts) with passive (P-SIT;n=15) or active recovery (A-SIT;n=15); or nonexercise control condition (CON;n=14). Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, whole-body and visceral fat mass, and plasma systemic inflammation were examined.Results. Compared to CON, significant increases in interpolated power output (P-SIT,P<0.001; ET,P=0.012; A-SIT,P=0.041) and test duration (P-SIT,P=0.001; ET,P=0.012; A-SIT,P=0.046) occurred after training. Final VO2consumption was increased after P-SIT only (P<0.001). Despite >90% exercise compliance, there was no change in whole-body or visceral fat mass or plasma inflammation (P>0.05).Conclusion. In sedentary middle-aged men, SIT was a time-effective alternative to ET in facilitating conditioning responses yet was ineffective in altering body composition and plasma inflammation, and compared to passive recovery, evidenced diminished conditioning responses when employing active recovery.

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Influence of visceral adiposity on ghrelin secretion and expression in rats during fasting

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/jme-08-0111 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rong-Ying Li ◽

Xue-Song Li ◽

Li Shao ◽

Zhi-yuan Wu ◽

Wen-Hua Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Body Weights ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Ghrelin Secretion

Although circulating ghrelin levels correlate inversely with adiposity at baseline, little is known about the effect of percent visceral adipose tissue value (PVATV) on ghrelin expression and secretion in response to fasting. Our study demonstrated that ghrelin increased with 24-h fasting in rats with the lowest PVATV (less than 6%), after 3 days in rats with intermediate PVATV (6–9%) and 5 days in rats with the highest PVATV (greater than 9%). Ghrelin mRNA in the stomach was increased after 3 days in low-PVATV (5.8±0.9%) rats but not in high-PVATV (14±1.6%) rats. Therefore, both ghrelin secretion and mRNA were delayed in response to fasting in rats with increased visceral fat. In rats matched for PVATV, but with different body weights, the fasting induced similar levels of increased ghrelin while in rats with different PVATV ghrelin secretion was different in response to fasting, even when body weights were matched in two groups. These data suggested that the initial PVATV, not lean mass, was related to the pattern of plasma ghrelin in response to fasting in rats.

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Visceral Fat Reflects Disease Activity in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v37i3.21385 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Mesut Aydin ◽

Fatma Aydin ◽

Murat Yuksel ◽

Abdulkadir Yildiz ◽

Nihat Polat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Activity Index ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Infliximab Treatment ◽

Visceral Adipose

Purpose: Response to infliximab treatment diminishes as body mass index (BMI) increases in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The purpose of the study was to determine if diminished response to infliximab treatment in patients with AS could be associated with increased visceral adipose tissue rather than increased BMI. Methods: Twenty six AS patients (21 males and five females) who fulfilled the modified New York criteria and who were currently receiving infliximab treatment were enrolled in the study. Pain was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS). The disease activity and functional status were assessed by the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI). The Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) was used to evaluate mobility restrictions. Weight and visceral body composition were measured without shoes in light indoor clothes using a bio-impedance meter. Results: There was a significant correlation between visceral adipose tissue amount and disease activity under infliximab treatment. In correlation analysis, visceral fat showed significant correlations between BASDAI (r=0.545, p=0.004) and VAS (r=0.458, p=0.019). Total body fat also showed a significant correlation with BASDAI (r=0.463, p=0.017). Conclusion: A significant correlation was found between visceral adipose tissue amount and disease activity in patients with AS.

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Visceral adipose tissue in children and adolescents: a review

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s0954422409990096 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 137-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Edyta Suliga

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Healthy Children ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Visceral Adipose

Research conducted among adults has mainly shown that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, leading to increased risk of CVD or the metabolic syndrome. However, little is known about the aetiology, determinants and consequences of VAT in children. The present article reviews the current literature relating to the factors influencing visceral fat accumulation in children and adolescents. The literature used in the present study was collected by searching a PubMed database, in which studies up to 2008 exploring the factors influencing accumulation of visceral fat among children and youth were found on the basis of appropriate keywords. Further studies concerning different factors influencing deposition of VAT among children and youth should first of all concentrate on: carrying out long-term analyses among children of different ethnical groups, which should begin in the period of prepuberty and which should cover the whole period of puberty till adulthood; drawing up norms specifying the amount of VAT among healthy children; identification of anthropometric indicators which will help to determine the VAT:subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio in the most precise way; broader studies of the influence of eating habits on developing VAT deposit among children and youth.

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Effects of magnitude of visceral adipose tissue reduction: Impact on insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents with obesity after long-term weight-loss therapy

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/1479164118825343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 196-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos ◽

Deborah Cristina Landi Masquio ◽

Flávia Campos Corgosinho ◽

Danielle Arisa Caranti ◽

Aline de Piano Ganen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Fat Reduction ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Weight Loss Therapy

Aim: To investigate the association between visceral adipose tissue loss and insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia in adolescents with obesity submitted to interdisciplinary weight-loss therapy. Methods: A total of 172 post-pubertal adolescents (body mass index greater than the 95th percentile of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference growth charts) were recruited for the study. The adolescents were assigned to long-term weight-loss therapy. Body composition, visceral and subcutaneous fat, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes and leptin concentration were measured. After the therapy, the adolescents were allocated to three different groups according to the tertile of visceral fat reduction. Results: Positive effects on body composition were observed in all analysed groups independent of visceral fat reduction. It was found that visceral fat was an independent predictor of insulin resistance in the investigated population. Obese adolescents who lost a higher proportion of visceral adipose tissue (>1.8 cm) demonstrated improved metabolic and inflammatory parameters twice as much than those who presented smaller losses. Positive correlations between visceral fat reduction and glucose metabolism, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index were demonstrated. Conclusion: The magnitude of the reduction in visceral fat was an independent predictor of insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia and metabolic disorders related to obese adolescents.

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