Estimation of Various Properties of CaO–“FeO”–SiO2 System at 1,673 K by Mass Triangle Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-585
Author(s):  
Yaxian Wang ◽  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Kuo-chih Chou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Sulfide Capacity ◽  
Metallurgical Process ◽  
New Model ◽  
Sio2 System ◽  
Limited Solubility ◽  
Contour Lines

AbstractIn consideration of great need for the physicochemical properties of slag systems in metallurgical process estimation, this work examined the possibility of predicting multi-properties by one model. The mass triangle model was applied to evaluate the density, viscosity, surface tension and sulfide capacity of CaO–“FeO”–SiO2 system at 1,673 K. Good agreements were achieved between calculated data and experimental data in the various properties. Meanwhile, the calculated contour lines successfully predicted the properties of slag within the limited solubility area. The new model thus is competitive and flexible when an integrated knowledge of a certain system is necessary.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Melts Used for the Electrodeposition of Niobium

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Kubikova ◽  
Vladimir Danek ◽  
Marcelle Gaune-Escard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Limited Solubility

Formation of oxyfluoroniobium compounds in the binary systems KF-Nb2O5 and K2NbF7-Nb2O5 and in the ternary system KF-K2NbF7-Nb2O5 has been expected. Therefore the phase equilibrium and surface tension of the above systems have been determined. The three systems have only been investigated up to 20 mol% Nb2O5 because of its limited solubility. The obtained results have confirmed the formation of oxyfluoroniobium compounds.

scholarly journals Revisiting Kelvin equation and Peng–Robinson equation of state for accurate modeling of hydrocarbon phase behavior in nano capillaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyas Al-Kindi ◽  
Tayfun Babadagli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Kelvin Equation ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Robinson Equation

AbstractThe thermodynamics of fluids in confined (capillary) media is different from the bulk conditions due to the effects of the surface tension, wettability, and pore radius as described by the classical Kelvin equation. This study provides experimental data showing the deviation of propane vapour pressures in capillary media from the bulk conditions. Comparisons were also made with the vapour pressures calculated by the Peng–Robinson equation-of-state (PR-EOS). While the propane vapour pressures measured using synthetic capillary medium models (Hele–Shaw cells and microfluidic chips) were comparable with those measured at bulk conditions, the measured vapour pressures in the rock samples (sandstone, limestone, tight sandstone, and shale) were 15% (on average) less than those modelled by PR-EOS.

Concentration Dependence of the Surface Tension of Three and Four-Component Systems with Peculiarities in the Surface Tension Isotherms of Lateral Binary Melts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
R.Kh. Dadashev ◽  
R.A. Kutuev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Minimum Depth ◽  
Surface Tension Isotherms

The experimental study results of the melts concentration dependence of the surface tension of the four-component indium-tin-lead-bismuth system and its constituent binary systems of indium-tin, indium-lead, indium-bismuth, tin-lead, tin-bismuth, lead-bismuth are presented in the paper. It is shown that the concentration dependence of the melts surface tension of the In-Sn-Pb-Bi four-component system can be predicted from the data on ST (surface tension) values of lateral binary systems. Features in the ST isotherms in the form of a minimum are observed only in the indium-tin lateral system from all lateral binaries. A distinctive feature of the detected minimum is that the minimum depth slightly exceeds the experimental error. Therefore, in addition to the fact that the area of average compositions was studied more thoroughly, we carried out the surface tension measurements by two independent methods. The experimental data obtained by both methods coincide within the experimental error and indicate the extremum availability on ST isotherms. Thus, ST experimental studies by two independent methods confirmed the presence of a flat minimum on ST isotherms of the indium-tin binary system increasing the reliability of the obtained data. The obtained outcomes and their comparison with experimental data have shown that the considered models for predicting surface properties based on data due to similar properties of lateral binary systems adequately reflect the experimental dependences. However, the prediction model based on Kohler's method of excess values describes the experimental curves more accurately.

High-enthalpy, water-cooled and thin-walled ICP sources characterization and MHD optimization

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HERDRICH ◽  
D. PETKOW
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Magnetic Pressure ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Plasma Power ◽  
New Model ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
Lorentz Forces

AbstractThe development of the inductively driven plasma wind tunnel PWK3, which enables the electrodeless generation of high-enthalpy plasmas for the development of heat shield materials required for space vehicles performing entry manoeuvres in the atmospheres of Venus, Earth and Mars, is described. The facility with its modular inductive plasma generators allows operation with gases such as carbon dioxide, air, oxygen and nitrogen and was qualified for thermal plasma powers up to 60 kW. Previously developed models for determining plasma properties and plasma source related characteristics enable a maximum plasma power in combination with long operational periods using different operational gases and gas mixtures. This is achieved by an optimization using the optimum operational frequency, a minimization of field losses using very thin plasma tube wall thicknesses and the successful application of MHD effects. Based on the solved cylinder problem for ICPs, a one-dimensional model for radial Lorentz forces and magnetic pressure has been developed. Here, a synthesis of previously published data and works is made where the new algebraic model for the calculation of Lorentz forces and magnetic pressures in an ICP was used and applied to experimental data. In addition, results from the model using the experimental data are shown to be consistent and, in addition, a comparison with a simpler model based on the well-known exponential approach for ICPs showed that the simpler model is covered without fail by the new model. The new model also states that there is a maximum of the Lorentz forces over the damping parameter d/δ (plasma diameter divided by skin depth) which almost corresponds with the position of the maximum plasma power of the cylindric model for ICPs. For the magnetic pressure the position of the maximum pressure is identical to the value for d/δ for the maximum plasma power.

Numerical Simulation of Oil-Droplet Cleavage by Surfactant

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi He ◽  
Micah Dembo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Surface Tension Gradient ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Numerical Computations ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
Pure Surface

We present numerical computations of the deformation of an oil-droplet under the influence of a surface tension gradient generated by the surfactant released at the poles (the Greenspan experiment). We find this deformation to be very small under the pure surface tension gradient. To explain the large deformation of oil droplets observed in Greenspan’s experiments, we propose the existence of a phoretic force generated by the concentration gradient of the surfactant. We show that this hypothesis successfully explains the available experimental data and we propose some further tests.

scholarly journals A New Model Approach for Convective Wall Heat Losses in DQMOM-IEM Simulations for Turbulent Reactive Flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshaswini Emmi ◽  
Andreas Fiolitakis ◽  
Manfred Aigner ◽  
Franklin Genin ◽  
Khawar Syed
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
New Model ◽  
Turbulent Reactive Flows ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Approach

A new model approach is presented in this work for including convective wall heat losses in the direct quadrature method of moments (DQMoM) approach, which is used here to solve the transport equation of the one-point, one-time joint thermochemical probability density function (PDF). This is of particular interest in the context of designing industrial combustors, where wall heat losses play a crucial role. In the present work, the novel method is derived for the first time and validated against experimental data for the thermal entrance region of a pipe. The impact of varying model-specific boundary conditions is analyzed. It is then used to simulate the turbulent reacting flow of a confined methane jet flame. The simulations are carried out using the DLR in-house computational fluid dynamics code THETA. It is found that the DQMoM approach presented here agrees well with the experimental data and ratifies the use of the new convective wall heat losses model.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration concentration of whey in a pilot plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
D. A. Rodionov ◽  
S. I. Lazarev ◽  
K. K. Polyansky ◽  
E. V. Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
General View ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Retention Coefficient ◽  
Tubular Type ◽  
Specific Output ◽  
Output Stream ◽  
Mathematical Expressions

Experimental data on the retention coefficient and the output specific flow are obtained. The test solutions were goat and cow's milk whey after obtaining cheese. The description, general view and technological scheme of a pilot installation of a tubular type are given. The studies were carried out on semipermeable tubular type ultrafiltration membranes manufactured by AO "ZAVKOM". Based on the studies, graphical dependences of the retention coefficient on the specific output stream were constructed and analyzed. During the analysis, it was noted that with an increase in the output specific flow of the solvent, the retention coefficient decreases. The reason for this is the boundary layers of fat and protein formed in the near-membrane layers, which prevents the passage of protein molecules through the pores of the membrane. Also during the experiment, it was noted that goat milk serum has a more oily structure and requires prior separation. For the theoretical calculation of the retention coefficient and specific output stream, mathematical expressions are developed and numerical values of the values of empirical coefficients are obtained. The developed mathematical expressions describe the experimental data with good confidence. The obtained experimental and calculated data can be used with great reliability in the calculations of mass-transported flows of substances through semipermeable membranes, as well as in engineering methods for calculating and predicting the effectiveness of the use of membrane processes for the concentration of whey.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE ROUGHNESS FORECASTING MODEL OF COATING OF NON-RIGID ROAD PAVEMENT COATING

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (164) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
A. Batrakova ◽  
H. Sarkisian ◽  
E. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Over Time

To ensure safe, comfortable driving at high speeds, a strong, even surface is required for the entire life of the pavement. In this regard, the issue of predicting changes in the equality of coverage over time is very important. The article considers the peculiarities of changing the longitudinal equality of the road surface. Purpose is to improve the model of forecasting the equality of non-rigid pavement. Methods – analytical and experimental. The analysis of existing decisions on the issue of forecasting the equality of coverage is performed. The most important factors influencing the change in the equality of road coverage have been identified. Based on the analysis of theoretical models and a number of experimental data, an improved model for predicting the equality of coverage of non-rigid pavement is proposed. MathCAD and MS Excel were involved in the development of an improved model that takes into account the most important factors. The model of change of coverage roughness, where increase in the roughness index over time is considered as a function of such parameters, is improved: the modulus of pavement elasticity (actual or required); the number of load cycles for t years of pavement operation; the share of trucks in the traffic flow; the factor of safety margin of the pavement structure. The adequacy of the developed model of changing the roughness of coverage is confirmed by statistical processing of experimental data obtained by the thesis author and other researchers on public roads with different service life, and calculated data under the theoretical model. The Pearson correlation coefficient between experimental and calculated data is more than 0.95, which indicates the adequacy of the developed model. Compared to the well-known models of forecasting coverage roughness, the improved model allows to apply a wider range of values of the general equivalent modulus of elasticity of pavement design (from 100 MPa to 600 MPa) and to receive forecast values of roughness for service life of non-rigid pavement over 5 years.

scholarly journals Research of friction characteristics on the hydraulic transportation in inclined slurry-pipe

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Wang Tieli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Friction Loss ◽  
Acceleration Time ◽  
New Model ◽  
Inclined Pipe ◽  
Inclined Pipes

By analyzing the momentum transfer and velocity both of solid particles and water over the acceleration time of solid particles, as well as interaction mechanism between water and solid particals, a new model is proposed to predict friction loss for setting slurry flow in inclined pipe. The hydraulic gradient formula for inclined pipes summarized by the author is confirmed by a large amount of experimental data. The results show that the deviation between the theoretical value of the model proposed by the author and the measured value is not more than 13.33%, which is the smallest among all reports.

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