scholarly journals Production of Iron Based Alloys from Mill Scale through Metallothermic Reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 889-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bugdayci ◽  
Murat Alkan ◽  
Ahmet Turan ◽  
Onuralp Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Iron Recovery ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Mill Scale ◽  
Iron Source ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Steel Ingots

AbstractMill scale (MS) has a potential to use as an iron source because of its high iron content. MS mainly consists of a mixture of iron oxides, metallic iron and other base metal oxides. MS is formed on the surfaces of steel ingots during continuous casting as a waste material. In this study, the use of MS as an iron source for the production of carbon-free iron containing alloys (unalloyed iron, Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr-Ni, Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo) via a metallothermic reduction process was investigated. Thermodynamic calculations and the experimental studies were performed on the basis of 100 g of MS. The effects of different stoichiometric amounts of MS and aluminum (Al) powders (as reductant) were investigated for the production of unalloyed Fe. While, different amount of metal oxide ratios and their effects on metal recoveries, compositions and microstructure of final alloys were studied during Fe-based alloys production. The highest iron recovery during unalloyed Fe production was obtained as 95.14 % by using 100 g of MS and 100 % stoichiometric Al (28.6 g) containing mixture. In Fe-based alloys production series, the highest metal recovery values were reached up to 95.0 % for Fe, 95.1 % for Ni, 68.3 % for Cr and 77.2 % for Mo, respectively.

Reduction Kinetics of Mill Scale Briquettes by Using A3 Fine Coal as a Reductant

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2563-2567
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoang Viet ◽  
Pham Ngoc Dieu Quynh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoang Oanh
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Reduction Degree ◽  
Furnace Temperature ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Mill Scale ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this work, a mixture of mill scale with 5 wt% molasses as binder was pressed under pressure of 200 MPa to prepare briquettes. The reduction process was performed at the temperature of 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150 and 1200 °C in the bed of A3 fine coal as the reductant. The degree of reduction was evaluated at time duration of 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 150 minutes, after the furnace temperature reached the predetermined reduction temperature. The highest reduction degree is 94.7% at the reduction process temperature of 1200 °C. Reaction rate constant (k) increased from 4.63×10-4 to 5.03×10-3 min-1 when the temperature increased from 1000 to 1200 °C. The apparent activation energy of the reduction reaction (Ea) is about 95.6 kJ/mole.

Metallothermic Reduction at Low Temperature Synthesis of Ti4O7 Powder with Lithium Ion Insertion/Extraction Property

2019 ◽  
Vol 956 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Bei Lei Yan ◽  
Wei Wei Meng ◽  
San Chao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Method ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
Extraction Property

In this work, a thermal reduction process via ultrafine titanium powder as the reducing agent under argon atmosphere is firstly used to prepare Ti4O7. Compared with the conventional method, this experiment process reduces the sintering temperature to 850°C. The phase transformation and the morphology of the as-prepared powders are examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, it is found that the Ti4O7 powders obtained by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited the crystal structure, distinctly possessing an average particle size around 750 nm. The as-prepared Ti4O7 nanoparticles are used as anode active material in lithium battery. The results demonstrate that the anode with Ti4O7 calcined at 850°C by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited insertion/extraction lithium ion property.

scholarly journals Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of the Continuous Casting Bloom in the Heavy Reduction Process

JOM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 3107-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Ji ◽  
Chen-hui Wu ◽  
Miao-yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Reduction Process

scholarly journals Synthesis of Mg–Zn–Nd Master Alloy in Metallothermic Reduction of Neodymium from Fluoride–Chloride Melt

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilia Beloglazov ◽  
Sergey Savchenkov ◽  
Vladimir Bazhin ◽  
Rudolf Kawalla
Keyword(s):  
Master Alloy ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
Chloride Melt ◽  
Ternary Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Degree Of Extraction

In the presented article, a differential thermal analysis was carried out and the temperatures of thermal effects were established that arise during the reduction of neodymium from a technological salt mixture KCl–NaCl–CaCl2–NdF3 with a magnesium–zinc alloy. The results of experimental studies on the reduction of neodymium from a fluoride–chloride melt in a shaft electric furnace at temperatures of 550, 600, 650, 700 °C are presented. In order to increase the degree of extraction of neodymium into the Mg–Zn–Nd master alloy, the study of the influence of technological parameters on the degree of extraction of neodymium was carried out. It was experimentally proven that when zinc is added to a reducing agent (magnesium), the degree of extraction of neodymium into the master alloy is 99.5–99.7%. The structure of the obtained master alloy samples, characterized by a uniform distribution of ternary intermetallic compounds (Mg3,4NdZn7) in the volume of a double magnesium–zinc eutectic, was studied by optical and electron microscopy.

Formation of two crystal modifications of Fe7C3−x at 5.5 GPa

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1384
Author(s):  
Sergey Gromilov ◽  
Anatoly Chepurov ◽  
Valeri Sonin ◽  
Egor Zhimulev ◽  
Aleksandr Sukhikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
Crystal Modifications ◽  
High Pressure Apparatus

The Fe–C system, which is widely used to grow commercial high-pressure–high-temperature diamond monocrystals, is rather complicated due to the formation of carbides. The carbide Fe3C is a normal run product, but the pressure at which Fe7C3 carbide becomes stable is a subject of discussion. This paper demonstrates the synthesis of Fe7C3 carbide and its detailed study using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, as well as electron probe micro-analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The experiments were performed using a multiple-anvil high-pressure apparatus of `split-sphere' (BARS) type at a pressure of 5.5 GPa and a temperature of 1623 K. Our results show that in the Fe–C system, in addition to diamond, a phase that corresponds to the Fe7C3 carbide was synthesized. This means that both carbides (Fe7C3 and Fe3C) are stable at 5.5 GPa. Two crystal phases are described, Fe14C6 and Fe28C12−x . Fe14C6 is based on the well known rhombic structure of Fe7C3, while Fe28C12−x has a different packing order of Fe6C polyhedrons. The results obtained in this study should be taken into account when synthesizing and growing diamond at high pressures and temperatures in metal–carbon systems with a high iron content, as well as when conducting experimental studies on the synthesis of diamond directly from carbide.

Versatile and biomass synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles supported on carbon matrix with high iron content and tunable reactivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmao Zhang ◽  
Sheldon Q. Shi ◽  
Charles U. Pittman ◽  
Dongping Jiang ◽  
Wen Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Iron Based

scholarly journals Investigation on the thermodynamic analysis, preparation and characterization of LaNi5 - hydrogen storage alloy by magnesiothermic reduction diffusion process

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Giresan ◽  
S.R. Sankaranarayanan ◽  
L.J. Berchmans
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
Lani5 Alloy ◽  
Probabilistic Nature

The present investigation focuses on the preparation of LaNi5 intermetallic compound by ?Metallothermic reduction diffusion process?. Experiments were carried out using oxides and chlorides of La and Ni metal powders as the raw materials with granular Mg powder as the reductant. The thermal reduction process was carried out at 900 ?C for 9 hrs in Ar atmosphere. After the completion of reaction, the contents were purified by treating with dilute acetic acid followed by de-ionized water. Thermodynamic feasibility studies were carried out to determine the probabilistic nature of formation of the desired compound. Thermal analysis was carried out to find the dissociation and decomposition temperature of the reactants. The phase purity and the elemental composition of the alloy were assessed by XRD and EDX analyses. The morphological features of the prepared powders were examined by SEM. From this study, it has been concluded that LaNi5 alloy can be prepared with an appreciable purity by the Metallothermic reduction diffusion process.

scholarly journals Bulk and Single Crystal Growth Progress of Iron-Based Superconductors (FBS): 1111 and 1144

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Shiv J. Singh ◽  
Mihai I. Sturza
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Single Crystal Growth ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Iron Based Superconductors ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Iron Based

The discovery of iron-based superconductors (FBS) and their superconducting properties has generated huge research interest and provided a very rich physics high Tc family for fundamental and experimental studies. The 1111 (REFeAsO, RE = Rare earth) and 1144 (AEAFe4As4, AE = Ca, Eu; A = K, Rb) families are the two most important families of FBS, which offer the high Tc of 58 K and 36 K with doping and without doping, respectively. Furthermore, the crystal growth of these families is not an easy process, and a lot of efforts have been reported in this direction. However, the preparation of high-quality and suitable-sized samples is still challenging. In this short review, we will summarize the growth of materials with their superconducting properties, especially polycrystals and single crystals, for the 1111 and 1144 families, and make a short comparison between them to understand the developmental issues.

scholarly journals Reuse of the Steel Mill Scale for Sustainable Industrial Applications

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Dana-Adriana Iluțiu-Varvara ◽  
Marius Tintelecan ◽  
Claudiu Aciu ◽  
Ioana-Monica Sas-Boca
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Mill Scale ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3

The purpose of our paper is to assess the reuse potential of the steel mill scale for sustainable industrial applications. We have presented the experimental procedures for chemical and mineralogical characterizations. According to the results of the elementary chemical analysis, the steel mill scale contains the following predominant chemical elements: iron, aluminum, silicon, and magnesium. Due to its high iron content, the steel mill scale can be reused as a source of raw material in the sustainable steelmaking industry. The mineralogical phases identified in the steel mill scale are: wüstite (FeO), hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), silica (quartz) (SiO2), magnesioferitte (MgFe2O4), and aluminum oxide (corundum) (Al2O3). Silica, alumina, and hematite are the main compounds of the cement and contribute to the formation of the: dicalcium silicate (2CaO·SiO2), tricalcium silicate (3CaO·SiO2), tricalcium aluminate (3CaO·Al2O3), and tetra—calcium aluminoferrite (4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3). The results of the paper are promising and encourage the future research for establishing the optimal percentage for the reuse of the steel mill scale in the composition of concrete.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document