Features of dysfunctional attrition in the Arbresh of Piana degli Albanesi

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (178) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eda Derhemi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Competence

AbstractThis article discusses the nature of the attrition of the Arbresh dialect of Piana degli Albanesi. It investigates the state of language use, the state of structural decay, and the linguistic attitude of Arbresh speakers. It concludes that this Arbresh dialect is undergoing a process of “dysfunctional attrition,” which consists of a progressive shrinkage of linguistic domains and functions, a decrease in the number of speakers, and a decline in linguistic competence as the speakers’ age diminishes. Unlike previous views, it maintains that dysfunctional attrition is not necessarily characterized by stigmatization and rejection of the language. The study emphasizes that a positive attitude towards the language is not a guarantee of linguistic survival, and that other aspects of language deterioration and loss must not be neglected in the process of linguistic revitalization.

Linguistic Competence in Aphasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Leonard L. LaPointe
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Feral Children ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Communication Goals ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Loss of implicit linguistic competence assumes a loss of linguistic rules, necessary linguistic computations, or representations. In aphasia, the inherent neurological damage is frequently assumed by some to be a loss of implicit linguistic competence that has damaged or wiped out neural centers or pathways that are necessary for maintenance of the language rules and representations needed to communicate. Not everyone agrees with this view of language use in aphasia. The measurement of implicit language competence, although apparently necessary and satisfying for theoretic linguistics, is complexly interwoven with performance factors. Transience, stimulability, and variability in aphasia language use provide evidence for an access deficit model that supports performance loss. Advances in understanding linguistic competence and performance may be informed by careful study of bilingual language acquisition and loss, the language of savants, the language of feral children, and advances in neuroimaging. Social models of aphasia treatment, coupled with an access deficit view of aphasia, can salve our restless minds and allow pursuit of maximum interactive communication goals even without a comfortable explanation of implicit linguistic competence in aphasia.

Grammar and variation in the classroom

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vít Dovalil ◽  
Adriana Hanulíková
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Teacher Interviews ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Grammar Knowledge ◽  
Model Texts

Abstract Grammar is the structural foundation of successful communication, language use, and literacy development. Grammar is therefore sometimes viewed as the heart of language with an important place in language teaching. In a classroom setting, regulation of grammar knowledge through teachers is strongly influenced by teachers’ linguistic competence and beliefs. In this paper, we will first show the diversity in this knowledge by means of teacher interviews and speeded grammatical-acceptability data from pupils and students. We will then sketch a socio- and psycholinguistic perspective on several selected morphosyntactic variables in German. These will be discussed with reference to social forces that determine what is standard in a language (language norm authorities, language experts, model texts, and codifiers). Finally, we will draw a roadmap for teachers, language practitioners and editors looking for a qualified solution to grammatical cases of doubt in contemporary German and provide practical examples by drawing upon the German reference corpus.

scholarly journals The Level of Teacher’s Preparedness for Teaching and Assessing Children at a Hospital-Based School in Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4S) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Sugendran Nagandran ◽  
Aminuddin Hassan ◽  
Noraziela Abdul Majid ◽  
Norlizah Che Hassan ◽  
Siti Suria Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The State ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Self Sufficiency

The establishment of hospital-based school (HBS) in Malaysia is an excellent step forward in helping patients, who are unable to attend school, continue receiving their education. The Education Ministry of Malaysia, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, initiated the idea of (HBS) in response to concerns over the fate of hospitalized children who were missing out on school. However, the effectiveness of the program depends largely on the willingness of teachers to go beyond the school infrastructure and facilities. This study was conducted to identify the level of self-sufficiency of HBS teachers when implementing teaching and learning (PdP) in various aspects such as controlling the concept of entertainment in PdP, motivation and positive attitude of teachers, as well as the state of their emotional and physical health. The study adopted a quantitative method using questionnaires as the key research instrument. Respondents of this study consisted of 95 HBS teachers in Peninsular Malaysia using sampling techniques. The findings of the study showed that the ability and creativity of a teacher to manage various aspects including entertaining, portraying motivational and positive attitude, and maintaining emotional as well as physical health affects the level of preparedness of teachers during PdP in HBS.

scholarly journals THE ATTITUDE OF MOTHERS IN REVITALIZING PUNJABI LANGUAGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE PUNJABI COMMUNITY IN MANJUNG DISTRICT, PERAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Deepa Visvanathan
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Shed Light

Punjabi is a small minority community in Malaysia among the approximately two million Indians in Malaysia. Punjabi people remain distinct from other people of Indian origins because of their religious beliefs and a strong sense of community. In the context of Malaysia, studies about the Punjabi community have not been encouraging and very minimal. As the Punjabi in Malaysia becomes more educated, the Punjabi community, which has long been undergoing a gradual shift into modern Malaysian society, and less emphasis is being placed on the ability to read and write Punjabi. The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of the language use patterns and language attitudes of Malaysian Punjabi mothers with the presence of their children. Specifically, the objective is to shed light on the importance of promoting Punjabi in the home domain by investigating whether the education and attitude of the mothers bring on the value of speaking the Punjabi language to their children in the home domain. A total of 11 respondents aged between 25 and 44 with children at or within the age of 6 were interviewed. One of the most significant findings of this study is the mismatch between language attitudes and actual language use by mothers with their children. The awareness exists in the mothers that Punjabi is important to their children to communicate with old age people and the Punjabi language is being used to do their prayers and to read their holy book. However, this positive attitude towards the language is not reflected in their language use and choice regardless of their education level. English dominated in most instances and most of the mothers claimed to be more comfortable speaking to their children in English.

Code-switching and the optimal grammar of bilingual language use

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAKESH M. BHATT ◽  
AGNES BOLONYAI
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Local Functions ◽  
Global Principles

In this article, we provide a framework of bilingual grammar that offers a theoretical understanding of the socio-cognitive bases of code-switching in terms of five general principles that, individually or through interaction with each other, explain how and why specific instances of code-switching arise. We provide cross-linguistic empirical evidence to claim that these general sociolinguistic principles, stated as socio-cognitive constraints on code-switching, characterize multi-linguistic competence in so far as they are able to show how “local” functions of code-switching arise as specific instantiations of these “global” principles, or (products of) their interactions.

Language territorial regimes in multilingual ethnic territorial autonomies

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Borisova ◽  
Konstantin Sulimov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Language Rights ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
The Way

Ethnic territorial autonomy (ETA) is an institutional way to ensure simultaneously the integrity of the state and the rights of ethnic minorities through preferential policies in certain ethnically sensitive spheres. Language preferential policies differ greatly across multilingual ETAs and can be analyzed through the concept of “language territorial regime” (LTR). In this paper, we examine LTRs along two dimensions: (1) the scope of state regulation of language use and (2) the way language rights are perceived and used. The first considers the depth and universality of state regulation of language use – “strong” or “weak.” The second concerns whether the community's approach to language rights is symbolic or pragmatic. The combination of these two dimensions allows the categorization of LTRs into four main classes: “strong parting-regime,” “strong pooling-regime,” “weak pooling-regime,” and “weak parting-regime.” A comparison of South Tyrol, Vojvodina, and Wales allows conceptualizing LTR as a system of de jure institutional arrangements of linguistic issues and practice of self-organization and perpetuation of multilingual communities.

scholarly journals INDONESIAN EFL TEACHERS’ CONCEPTUALIZATION OF CULTURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY EFL CLASSROOM (Konseptualisasi yang Dimiliki Guru Bahasa Inggris Indonesia Terkait dengan Kultur dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing pada Abad XXI)

SUAR BETANG ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruly Morganna ◽  
Sakut Anshori
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Learning Culture ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Teaching Principles ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Way ◽  
Efl Learning

In dealing with the 21st century EFL pedagogy where interculturality and multiculturality are promoted to be the crucial aspects of EFL learning, this study is oriented towards investigating Indonesian EFL teachers’ conceptualization of culture in EFL classroom. The conceptualization in this sense is emphasized on their knowledge construction underlying their teaching principles. This study was conducted qualitatively by engaging three Indonesian EFL teachers selected purposively. The data of this study were garnered from open-ended questionnaires and interview. Regarding the teachers’ conceptualization, this study revealed that culture referred to the way of living becoming the framework of language use since language per se referred to a social semiotic, and the framework of learning going on inter and intra-individually. In EFL learning, culture was viewed from its interculturality. Interculturality was supported although two teachers stayed in native-speakerism specifically for linguistic competence. This study is meaningful since it serves a set of contributive knowledge vis-a-vis culture in EFL learning for EFL teachers and curriculum developers. However, this study is still delimited on cultural conception. Further studies are expected to work on the practice of cultural conception to deal with the 21st century EFL learning in Indonesia.

scholarly journals МОВНА КОМПЕТЕНЦІЯ ЯК СКЛАДНИК КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ ПРОФЕСІОГРАМИ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІНЦЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Л. С. Загребельна
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
The People ◽  
Inner World

At the present stage of the state-building in Ukraine, professionalisation of the public service and formation of the professional linguistic competence of public servants are top-priority issues. Proper command of the state language and the ability to use it correctly is mandatory for the people working in public administration. In this regard, an urgent need arises to clearly identify the competences of business communication and the areas of competence development of public servants generating strong interest on behalf of scientists. The rationale of the topic researched is determined by both the theoretical and practical importance of the issues related to the improvement of the professional speech of specialists working under conditions of constant communication (contact and distant, direct and indirect, oral and written, dialogic and monologic, interpersonal and mass, private and official, informational and factual, related to the inner world of the speaker). The objective of the research is to determine the ways of improving the linguistic competence of public servants. The achievement of the objective in question provides for implementation of the following tasks: • Generalise the approaches to the definitions of the notions of “communicative competence,” “linguistic competence,” “communicative behaviour,” “culture of business communication,” and “communicative professiogram”• Determine the linguistic competence as a factor required for shaping up the professional image of a public servant• Develop proposals for enhancing the linguistic training of public servants • Propose the measures to deepen the linguistic competence of public servants through the systematised linguistic communicative professiogram. The article presents a set of measures aimed at improving the linguistic competence of public administration employees. The emphasis is made on the communicative professiogram which outlines the components of linguistic competences required and the forms of enhancing the communicative culture of public servants.

scholarly journals Mental illness attitudes and knowledge in non-specialist medical doctors working in state and private sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumna Minty ◽  
Mahomed Y.H. Moosa ◽  
Fatima Y. Jeenah
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge

Background: An increasing number of South Africans utilise primary healthcare services (either in the state or private sector) for mental health concerns; hence, there is a need to objectively assess these doctors’ attitudes and knowledge of mental illness.Aim: To investigate aspects of knowledge and attitudes towards mental illness of a group of private and state-employed non-specialist medical doctors.Method: Doctors in the state sector who were working at a primary healthcare level and who were not working towards, or did not hold, a specialist qualification were considered eligible for the study. Doctors in the private sector who were working as general practitioners and who did not hold a specialist qualification were considered eligible for the study. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. A link to the study questionnaire, information about the study, details of the researcher and matters pertaining to informed consent were emailed to potential participants.Results: Of the 140 practitioners who responded to the survey, 51.4% (n = 72) worked in the state sector, 41.4% (n = 58) worked in the private sector and 7.1% (n = 10) worked in both the state and private sectors (χ21 = 45.31, p 0.010). The majority ( 50%) of participants in all three groups had a positive attitude towards mental illness (χ22 = 1.52, p = 0.468). Although there were no significant associations between attitude and socio-demographic characteristics (p 0.05), male SS doctors reported feeling less comfortable when dealing with mentally ill patients (p = 0.015); SS doctors who did not have family contact with mental illness were less likely to feel that mentally ill patients did not pose a risk to others (p = 0.007), and PS doctors under the age of 35 years were more likely to feel adequately trained to treat mental illness (p = 0.026). The majority ( 50%) of participants in all three groups had an adequate level of knowledge of mental illness (modal scores = 10). There were no significant associations between knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics (p 0.05).Conclusion: Despite the findings of a positive attitude and adequate knowledge of mental illness amongst the participants of this study, it is recommended that more targeted interventions are established to further improve mental health awareness and knowledge of doctors at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels of study.

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