scholarly journals Shrink-swell potential, hydraulic conductivity and geotechnical properties of clay materials for landfill liner construction

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Widomski ◽  
Witold Stępniewski ◽  
Rainer Horn ◽  
Andrzej Bieganowski ◽  
Lucjan Gazda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Landfill Liner ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
Swell Potential ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Clay Materials

Abstract This paper presents studies concerning the applicability of two clay materials for the construction of a sustainable landfill liner. The studies consisted in determination of basic characteristics of the materials, eg particle size distribution, bulk density, particle density, total porosity, pore size, mineralogy, specific surface area, nanoparticle size, and Atterberg limits, as well as measurements of their geotechnical and hydraulic parameters, such as in situ saturated hydraulic conductivity, modules of primary and secondary compression, cohesion, and angle of internal friction. Furthermore, the effects of compaction performed by the Proctor method at various water contents on swelling and shrinkage characteristics and saturated hydraulic conductivity were investigated in order to determine the compliance with the national requirements for selection of material for landfill liner construction. The determined characteristics and geotechnical parameters of the tested clay materials allowed qualifying them as suitable for municipal landfill construction. The shrinkage potential of the tested clays observed was rated as moderate to very high. The cyclic drying and rewetting of the clay materials performed resulted in a significant increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity. Thus, the clay sealing layers, as part of a multilayer liner, should be very carefully operated, preventing the drying out of the clay sealing and assuring the possibility of its constant saturation.

scholarly journals Clays of Different Plasticity as Materials for Landfill Liners in Rural Systems of Sustainable Waste Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Widomski ◽  
Witol Stępniewski ◽  
Anna Musz-Pomorska
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Landfill Liners ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Waste Landfill ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
Basic Characteristics

This paper presents a study assessing the possible application of seven clay substrates of various particle compositions and plasticity, sampled locally in rural regions, as materials allowing affordable construction of the waste landfill liners, which meet the main principles of sustainability, utilize locally available materials and limit the environmental threats posed by landfill leachate to water, public health and arable land. The researched substrates were tested according to their long-term sealing properties by their saturated hydraulic conductivity after compaction, swelling and shrinkage characteristics and ability to sustain their sealing capability after repeated drying and rewetting. The basic characteristics of soils were determined by the standard methods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity after compaction and after repeated shrinking and swelling were tested in laboratory falling head permeameters. Shrinkage characteristics were based on dimensionless indicators of the geometry and linear extensibility. The obtained results showed that the tested clay substrates were found applicable to construction of compacted clay liner for sustainable waste landfill. The environmental sustainability of a local, rural waste landfill, isolated by compacted earthen liners utilizing local materials is, in our opinion possible, but strongly related to the compaction parameters applied during liner construction for the given clay substrate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Saturated Hydraulic Characteristics and its Influence on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils Developed on Coastal Plain Sands of Obufa Esuk Orok in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
E. A. Akpa ◽  
A. I. Akpama ◽  
O. Oyedele
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cross River State

The study highlights the evaluation of saturated hydraulic characteristics and its influence on some physical and chemical properties of soils developed on coastal plain sands of Obufa Esuk Orok in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Sixteen grids designed in an experimental plot measured 6 m x 6 m were used for field studies and sixteen (16) soil samples were collected in each of the grid using a soil auger for particle size analysis, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The samples were analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The result showed that the soils were predominantly high in sand content with a mean value of 860.6 g kg-1 and low in silt and clay contents with mean values of 56.1 g kg-1 and 83.3 g kg-1 respectively. The soil texture was predominantly loamy sand. The saturated hydraulic conductivity showed rapid with a mean value of 36 cm min-1. Total porosity was high, a mean value of 52.4 %. Bulk density was low, a mean value of 1.21 Mgm-3 while Particle density was moderate, mean value of 2.55 Mgm-3.  The soil pH showed very strongly acid milieu (mean pH in water = 5.1). Organic carbon and Total nitrogen were low with mean values of 1.1 % and 0.09 % respectively. Available phosphorus was high with a mean value of 36.66 mg kg-1. The exchangeable acidity and exchangeable bases were generally low with mean values of 2.54, 0.59, 0.08 and 0.053 cmolc/kg for calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium and 0.261and 0.416 cmolc/kg for aluminum and hydrogen. The correlation coefficient (r) between the saturated hydraulic conductivity and texture showed that there was a positive relationship between saturated hydraulic conductivity and sand, silt and clay (correlation coefficient of r = 0.0013, 0.062 and 0.119) at p≤0.05 indicating good relationship. There was also a positive linear relationship between the saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density, particle density and total porosity (correlation coefficient values of r = 0.224, 0.03 and 0.107) at p≤0.05 respectively. Despite the positive relationship existed in their correlation, cultural practices such as minimum, zero, mulch tillage and other conservational practices should be adopted to help maintain the rapid condition of the saturated hydraulic conductivity to avoid restriction of water movement and other soluble nutrients in the soil.

scholarly journals Hydraulic and Swell–Shrink Characteristics of Clay and Recycled Zeolite Mixtures for Liner Construction in Sustainable Waste Landfill

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7301
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Widomski ◽  
Anna Musz-Pomorska ◽  
Wojciech Franus
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Clay Liner ◽  
Compacted Clay Liner ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
Swelling Characteristics ◽  
Shrinkage And Swelling

This paper presents research considering hydraulic as well as swelling and shrinkage characteristics of potential recycled fine particle materials for compacted clay liner for sustainable landfills. Five locally available clay soils mixed with 10% (by mass) of NaP1 recycled zeolite were tested. The performed analysis was based on determined plasticity, cation exchange capacity, coefficient of saturated hydraulic conductivity after compaction, several shrinkage and swelling characteristics as well as, finally, saturated hydraulic conductivity after three cycles of drying and rewetting of tested specimens and the reference samples. The obtained results showed that addition of zeolite to clay soils allowed reduction in their saturated hydraulic conductivity to meet the required threshold (≤1 × 10−9 m/s) of sealing capabilities for compacted clay liner. On the other hand, an increase in plasticity, swelling, and in several cases in shrinkage, of the clay–zeolite mixture was observed. Finally, none of the tested mixtures was able to sustain its sealing capabilities after three cycles of drying and rewetting. Thus, the studied clayey soils mixed with sustainable recycled zeolite were assessed as promising materials for compacted liner construction. However, the liner should be operated carefully to avoid extensive dissication and cracking.

scholarly journals Implications of Agricultural Gypsum Doses in Physical-Hydric Attributes of a Typic Haplortox and on Root Growth and Soybean Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Guedes Júnior ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Marcos Felipe Leal Martins
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Attributes

The response to agricultural gypsum, as a conditioner of the root environment in depth, has been observed for most annual crops. These responses are attributed to the better distribution of roots of the crops in depth in the soil by the reduction of chemical impediments, caused by the exchangeable aluminum and calcium deficiency in these layers, which allows to the plants the use of greater volume of water when they occur summer. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gypsum doses on physical-hydric attributes, root growth and soybean productivity. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Institute of Paraná (IAPAR) in Santa Tereza do Oeste-PR. The soil was classified as Typic Haplortox. Five doses of agricultural gypsum were evaluated: 0; 3; 6; 9 and 12 t ha-1, in outline randomized block design with six repetitions. Soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were evaluated at layers of 0.0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. Soybean productivity and root growth were also evaluated. Data were submitted to regression analysis. The physical attributes soil density, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity did not differ significantly with the application of the gypsum doses in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.2-0.3 m layers. However, in the 0.1-0.2 m layer, due to pressures imposed by the machines and agricultural implements deforming the soil, there were significant differences in the physical attributes of the density, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. There was no significant difference in grain productivity and root growth of soybean.

scholarly journals Restorative effects of amendments on artificially degraded soils in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Yield Reduction

An evaluation of the productivity of degraded alfisols at Makurdi and Otobi, Nigeria, using artificial desurfacing techniques (ADT) was carried out in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The study was a split-split plot experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The soil was desurfaced at 0 – 5, 0 – 10, 0 – 15, 0 – 20 cm and the undesurfaced soil, 0 cm (control) depths. The restorative amendments were 9 t ha-1 of poultry dropping as an organic source of manure, N:P2O5:K2O as an inorganic source of manure and zero application as control. Soybean variety TGX 1448-2E and maize variety, Oba super II were used as test crop. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly (P = 0.05) lower at 20 cm (29.08 cm hr-1 ), but did not differ significantly at 0 to 10 cm depths. Soil pH of 5.58 was recorded at 0 cm depth and it decreased to 5.05 at 20 cm depth. Also, organic matter content (1.71 – 1.00 g kg-1 ), total nitrogen (0.12 – 0.08 g kg-1 ) as well as CEC (7.39 – 6.24 cmol kg-1 ) recorded a significant decrease with increase in soil depth from 0 to 20 cm depths. Application of poultry manure increased total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity as well as organic matter content across desurfaced depths. Soybean number of leaves was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced at 4, 7, and 10 WAP with increased topsoil removal. The highest grain yield of soybean (1474 kg ha-1 ) was recorded on poultry manure treated plots which were significantly higher (p = 0.05) than other treatments. Application of poultry manure caused 20 % soybean yield reduction at 5 depth, and a 56 % reduction at 20 cm depth.

scholarly journals Physical characteristics of soils in the landslide areas of Cadac-an Watershed in Leyte, Philippines

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Jorge Cabelin ◽  
Beatriz Jadina
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Water Holding

Landslides have become very frequent in Leyte which justifies the need for soil assessment and characterization of the landslide-prone areas in the province. This study assessed the physical characteristics of soils from the landslide areas in Cadac-an watershed in Leyte, Philippines. Landslide cuts located in the central highlands of Cadac-an watershed were used as representative profiles in this study. These were examined, characterized and sampled for the analyses of soil physical properties which include particle size distribution (Pipette method), bulk density (Paraffin-clod method), particle density (Pycnometer method), porosity, total soil wet density, water holding capacity and field capacity (Gravimetric method), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Constant head method), liquid limit and plastic index. Generally, soils from the landslide areas in Cadac-an watershed had a sandy loam to clay loam to clayey texture, low bulk density, low particle density, high porosity, moderate total soil wet density, moderate to high water holding capacity, low to moderate field capacity, moderately high to high saturated hydraulic conductivity, moderate liquid limit and low plastic index. Based on the above characteristics, the soils are susceptible to landslide occurrence thus it is highly recommended to conduct constant assessment and monitoring the area.

Soil hydro-physical changes in natural grassland of southern Brazil subjected to burning management

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Vogelmann ◽  
J. M. Reichert ◽  
J. Prevedello ◽  
C. A. P. de Barros ◽  
F. L. F. de Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Natural Grassland

Burning of vegetation can promote changes in soil physical properties and also create hydrophobic substances, which accumulate and result in the formation of water-repellent layers. A study was conducted between 2005 and 2011 on an Albaqualf, with natural grassland composed mainly of Andropogon lateralis, in southern Brazil, to investigate the induction of hydrophobicity by burning and changes in the soil hydro-physical characteristics. The treatments consisted of no burning, and burned 60, 36, 12, 6, 4, and 2 months before sampling. Burning management did not change the saturated hydraulic conductivity, whereas air permeability was significantly reduced in the surface layer, nearly reaching the original values 4 months after burning. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability correlated with total porosity and macroporosity. The surface layer was the most sensitive to fire effects, with an increased degree of hydrophobicity for up to 2 months after vegetation burning. Hydrophobicity and contact angle correlated positively with soil organic matter content.

scholarly journals VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO SATURADO EM LATOSSOLO AMARELO DISTROCOESO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZ DAS ALMAS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Silva Santos Alvares de Almeida ◽  
Luciano Da Silva Souza ◽  
Vital Pedro Da Silva Paz ◽  
Fagner Taiano Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Davi Ney Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
E Mail

VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO SATURADO EM LATOSSOLO AMARELO DISTROCOESO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZ DAS ALMAS  KARLA SILVA SANTOS ALVARES DE ALMEIDA1; LUCIANO DA SILVA SOUZA1; VITAL PEDRO DA SILVA PAZ1; FAGNER TAIANO DOS SANTOS SILVA2; DAVI NEY SANTOS1 E JULIANA DA SILVA LOPES PEREIRA1 1Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia – UFRB, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710 – Campus Universitário – CEP 44380-000 – Cruz das Almas – BA, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] do Estado de Santa Catarina – UDESC, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias – CAV, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090 – CEP 88520-000 -  Lages – SC, e-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a variabilidade espacial da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado (K0) utilizando dois métodos de laboratório e amostras com diferentes volumes em Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso localizado no Município de Cruz das Almas. Foram coletadas amostras com estrutura indeformada em dois tipos de anéis volumétricos com 0,081 m de altura e 0,070 m de diâmetro (≈312 cm3) e com 0,05 m de altura e de diâmetro (98 cm3). Nos mesmos pontos de amostragem da K0 foram coletadas amostras deformadas para quantificação de areia, silte, argila, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade, densidade do solo em uma malha amostral de 7 x 7 pontos espaçados em 2,0 x 2,0 m, totalizando uma área de 196,0 m². Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística exploratória e teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk; posteriormente, verificou-se a dependência espacial pela análise geoestatística. Os resultados revelaram que para a profundidade de 0-0,15 m a condutividade hidráulica determinada no permeâmetro de carga constante no cilindro de volume maior apresentou menor coeficiente de variação, indicando uma melhor representatividade das amostras; a densidade do solo apresentou índice de dependência espacial moderada, com alcance de 1,22 m e semivariograma tipo esférico para a profundidade de 0-0,15m; para a profundidade de 0,15-0,30 o índice de dependência espacial foi forte, com alcance de 1,54 m e semivariograma tipo exponencial. Palavras-chave: condutividade hidráulica saturada, Tabuleiro Costeiro, geoestatística.  ALMEIDA, K. S. S. A.; SOUZA, L. S.; PAZ, V. P. S.; SILVA, F. T. S.; SANTOS, D. N.; PEREIRA, J. S. L.SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SATURATED SOIL USING TWO LABORATORY METHODS AND SAMPLES WITH DIFFERENTS VOLUMES     2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to characterize the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K0) using two laboratory methods and samples with different volumes in Oxisoil Distrocoeso located in the city of Cruz das Almas. Deformed structural samples were collected in two types of volumetric rings with 0.081 m long and 0.070 m in diameter (312 cm3) and 0.05 m in height and diameter (98 cm3). In the same sampling points of K0 deformed samples were collected for quantification of sand, silt, clay, total porosity, macro and microporosity, bulk density in a sample grid of 7 x 7 points spaced at 2.0 x 2.0 m totaling an area of 196.0 m². The results were submitted to exploratory statistical analysis  and Shapiro-Wilk normality test; later, the spatial dependence was verified by geostatistical analysis. The results showed that for the depth of 0-0.15 m the hydraulic conductivity determined in the constant load permeameter in the higest volume  cylinder showed a lower coefficient of variation, indicating a better representativeness of the samples; soil bulk density showed moderate spatial dependence index, with a range of 1.22 m and pherical-type semivariogram to the depth of 0-0.15m; to the depth of 0.15-0.30 the spatial dependence index was strong, reaching 1.54 m and exponential semivariogram. Keywords: Saturated hydraulic conductivity, coastal plain, geostatistics

Quantifying variability of soil physical properties within soil series to address modern land-use issues on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Webb ◽  
J. J. Claydon ◽  
S. R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Wilting Point

Lack of accurate data to estimate soil physical properties for soil types is limiting the wide application of simulation models to address modern environmental and land-use issues. In this study, systematic sampling of soil profiles for soil physical characteristics has provided an improved basis upon which to estimate a number of soil physical properties for 4 soil series. The selected soils form a soil drainage sequence on the post-glacial surface of the Canterbury Plains and vary from shallow sandy loam, well-drained soils to deep clay loam, poorly drained soils. Three profiles within 3 map units were sampled for each of 4 soil series. Three horizons in each soil profile were sampled for soil porosity values, particle size, and saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity. Variability in all data, as shown by coefficient of variation, increased in the order: total porosity = field capacity < wilting point < total available water = clay content < readily available water < macroporosity < sand content < hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity exhibited high variability within horizons, between profiles, and within soil series. Temuka subsoils had extremely high variability in saturated hydraulic conductivity and this could be explained by their coarse prismatic structure. Analysis of variance identified horizons that differed in soil physical properties between soil series. Horizons that do not differ between series may be given pooled soil property values for the pooled series. Total porosity, field capacity, wilting point, clay content, and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity had the greatest number of differences (60–70%) between series comparisons, while total available water had fewest differences (5%). The series with greatest differences in drainage class (Temuka compared with Eyre or Templeton soils) recorded the largest number of differences in water release characteristics and particle size. There were few differences between well-drained Eyre and moderately well-drained Templeton series. Subsoils of Eyre series differed in hydraulic conductivity from subsoils for the other 3 series, but few differences in hydraulic conductivity were found between horizons of Templeton, Wakanui, and Temuka series. Hydraulic conductivity estimates for these series can therefore be pooled.

scholarly journals Effect of zeolite utilization on volume change and strength properties of expansive soil as landfill barrier

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1320-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şerife Öncü ◽  
Huriye Bilsel
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Landfill Liner ◽  
Swell Potential ◽  
Compressibility Characteristics ◽  
Natural Reserves

A sand–Na–bentonite mixture is widely used as engineering barrier material, which usually possesses hydraulic conductivity below the regulatory limit (10−7 cm/s). However, in some areas natural Na–bentonite is not readily available; instead, an abundantly prevailing local expansive soil can be an alternative. This study assesses the suitability of a local expansive soil mixed with zeolite, easily obtained from natural reserves in Turkey, proposed to be used as a landfill liner in a semi-arid climate. The choice of zeolite is due to its already well-understood high adsorption capacity for heavy metals as well as its pozzolanicity. The volume change, strength, and hydraulic conductivity characteristics were studied with respect to durability through ageing. When an expansive soil to zeolite ratio of 0.5 was used, the results indicated improved properties with curing. Swell potential was observed to decrease by 85% within a 90 day curing period, while a 30%–34% reduction was noted in shrinkage and compressibility characteristics. The hydraulic conductivity was observed to remain below the regulatory limit under all confining pressure ranges studied, provided the curing time was at least 90 days. Moreover, the mixture attained improved strength characteristics with time, and proved to be sustainable over the period studied. Therefore, it was concluded that expansive soil mixed with zeolite could be a good alternative to sand–Na-bentonite, mainly in developing areas of growing population and environmental degradation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document