Towards a clean slate: Attempting to preserve civil liberty in the post-Snowden age

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander von Gernler
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Mobile Computing ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWide adoption of mobile computing, smartphones, social networks and big data techniques have brought undoubtable advantages to society as such, as well as to its individuals. The downside of this diffusion of technology throughout society has already been well discussed. Single authors also pointed out the threats not only to the single individual, but to democratic society as a whole. However, suggestions or even practical approaches of how to mitigate these threats not only at the individual level (

The True Believers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gendered Expectations

This is the first data chapter. In this chapter, respondents who are described as true believers in the gender structure, and essentialist gender differences are introduced and their interviews analyzed. They are true believers because, at the macro level, they believe in a gender ideology where women and men should be different and accept rules and requirements that enforce gender differentiation and even sex segregation in social life. In addition, at the interactional level, these Millennials report having been shaped by their parent’s traditional expectations and they similarly feel justified to impose gendered expectations on those in their own social networks. At the individual level, they have internalized masculinity or femininity, and embody it in how they present themselves to the world. They try hard to “do gender” traditionally.

scholarly journals The Effect of Individual’s Technological Belief and Usage on Their Absorptive Capacity towards Their Learning Behaviour in Learning Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Thomas Dolmark ◽  
Osama Sohaib ◽  
Ghassan Beydoun ◽  
Kai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Learning Behaviour ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
The Individual

Absorptive capacity is a common barrier to knowledge transfer at the individual level. However, technology absorptive capacity can enhance an individual’s learning behaviour. This study investigates that technology readiness, the tools for knowledge sources, social influences, and social networks influence an individual’s absorptive capacity on an adaptation of the individual learning behaviour. A quantitative approach is used to assess the presence of a causal relationship from the constructs mentioned above. Data were collected from university students in Australia to examine the hypotheses. With 199 responses, a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was used for the analysis. The results generated mixed findings. Individual’s technological belief in optimism and innovation and social influences had a significantly weaker effect on individual absorptive capacity, which in turn had a significantly weaker impact on their learning behaviour.

scholarly journals Personalization as a promise: Can Big Data change the practice of insurance?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395172093514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Barry ◽  
Arthur Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Homogeneity Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article is to assess the impact of Big Data technologies for insurance ratemaking, with a special focus on motor products.The first part shows how statistics and insurance mechanisms adopted the same aggregate viewpoint. It made visible regularities that were invisible at the individual level, further supporting the classificatory approach of insurance and the assumption that all members of a class are identical risks. The second part focuses on the reversal of perspective currently occurring in data analysis with predictive analytics, and how this conceptually contradicts the collective basis of insurance. The tremendous volume of data and the personalization promise through accurate individual prediction indeed deeply shakes the homogeneity hypothesis behind pooling. The third part attempts to assess the extent of this shift in motor insurance. Onboard devices that collect continuous driving behavioural data could import this new paradigm into these products. An examination of the current state of research on models with telematics data shows however that the epistemological leap, for now, has not happened.

scholarly journals Collective communication and behaviour in response to uncertain ‘Danger’ in network experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2237) ◽  
pp. 20190685
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Shirado ◽  
Forrest W. Crawford ◽  
Nicholas A. Christakis
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Collective Communication ◽  
Group Topology ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Actual Accuracy

In emergencies, social coordination is especially challenging. People connected with each other may respond better or worse to an uncertain danger than isolated individuals. We performed experiments involving a novel scenario simulating an unpredictable situation faced by a group in which 2480 subjects in 108 groups had to both communicate information and decide whether to ‘evacuate’. We manipulated the permissible sorts of interpersonal communication and varied group topology and size. Compared to groups of isolated individuals, we find that communication networks suppress necessary evacuations because of the spontaneous and diffuse emergence of false reassurance; yet, communication networks also restrain unnecessary evacuations in situations without disasters. At the individual level, subjects have thresholds for responding to social information that are sensitive to the negativity, but not the actual accuracy, of the signals being transmitted. Social networks can function poorly as pathways for inconvenient truths that people would rather ignore.

scholarly journals SleepOMICS: How Big Data Can Revolutionize Sleep Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Ottavia Guglielmi ◽  
and Sergio Garbarino
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Sleep Research ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Sleep disorders have reached epidemic proportions worldwide, affecting the youth as well as the elderly, crossing the entire lifespan in both developed and developing countries. “Real-life” behavioral (sensor-based), molecular, digital, and epidemiological big data represent a source of an impressive wealth of information that can be exploited in order to advance the field of sleep research. It can be anticipated that big data will have a profound impact, potentially enabling the dissection of differences and oscillations in sleep dynamics and architecture at the individual level (“sleepOMICS”), thus paving the way for a targeted, “one-size-does-not-fit-all” management of sleep disorders (“precision sleep medicine”).

Gamifying with badges: A big data natural experiment on Stack Exchange

First Monday ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Bornfeld ◽  
Sheizaf Rafaeli
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Badges are a common gamification mechanism used by many crowd-sourced online systems. This study provides evidence to their effectiveness and measures their effect size using a big data natural experiment in three large Stack Exchange online Q&A sites. We analyze the introduction of 22 different badge-launch events and the resulting changes in user behavior. Consistent with earlier studies, we report that most badge introductions have the desired effect. Going beyond traditional findings on the individual level, this study measures overall badge effect size on the service.

scholarly journals A Core/Periphery Perspective on Individual Creative Performance: Social Networks and Cinematic Achievements in the Hollywood Film Industry

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Cattani ◽  
Simone Ferriani
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hollywood Film ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
The Core ◽  
Organization Science ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Building

The paper advances a relational perspective to studying creativity at the individual level. Building on social network theory and techniques, we examine the role of social networks in shaping individuals' ability to generate a creative outcome. More specifically, we argue that individuals who occupy an intermediate position between the core and the periphery of their social system are in a favorable position to achieve creative results. In addition, the benefits accrued through an individual's intermediate core/periphery position can also be observed at the team level, when the same individual works in a team whose members come from both ends of the core/periphery continuum. We situate the analysis and test our hypotheses within the context of the Hollywood motion picture industry, which we trace over the period 1992–2003. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. You are free to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this work, but you must attribute this work as “Organization Science. Copyright © 2017 INFORMS. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1070.0350 , used under a Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .”

scholarly journals Stepping into the Era of Personal Big Data: a Roadmap to the Design of a Personal Digital Life Coach (Preprint)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno M. Garcia ◽  
Nuno Pombo ◽  
Torsten Braun ◽  
Francisco Flórez-Revuelta ◽  
Ivan Chorbev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Hardware Platform ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Networking Tool ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

UNSTRUCTURED The increased availability of devices that can record every aspect of a person’s life will allow the recording of a large amount of data that will be primarily useful for that particular user. These devices and their data will place each and every one of us at the doorstep of the era of personal big data. Using this data, in a not so distant future, we will be able to set a personal digital life coach, a digital platform that will act at an individual level, but also considering a global interaction, not only as a social networking tool, but as a platform that will profit from the individual experiences of its users. This position paper focuses on the identification of the milestones that will mark the creation of such a software and hardware platform, by exploring the opportunities and challenges that it poses to the computer science researchers, and how such a solution can be designed to be a user-adoptable lifestyles monitoring and training tool.

scholarly journals A big data analysis of the relationship between future thinking and decision-making

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. E1740-E1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Thorstad ◽  
Phillip Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Far Future

We use big data methods to investigate how decision-making might depend on future sightedness (that is, on how far into the future people’s thoughts about the future extend). In study 1, we establish a link between future thinking and decision-making at the population level in showing that US states with citizens having relatively far future sightedness, as reflected in their tweets, take fewer risks than citizens in states having relatively near future sightedness. In study 2, we analyze people’s tweets to confirm a connection between future sightedness and decision-making at the individual level in showing that people with long future sightedness are more likely to choose larger future rewards over smaller immediate rewards. In study 3, we show that risk taking decreases with increases in future sightedness as reflected in people’s tweets. The ability of future sightedness to predict decisions suggests that future sightedness is a relatively stable cognitive characteristic. This implication was supported in an analysis of tweets by over 38,000 people that showed that future sightedness has both state and trait characteristics (study 4). In study 5, we provide evidence for a potential mechanism by which future sightedness can affect decisions in showing that far future sightedness can make the future seem more connected to the present, as reflected in how people refer to the present, past, and future in their tweets over the course of several minutes. Our studies show how big data methods can be applied to naturalistic data to reveal underlying psychological properties and processes.

Democracy, Screens, Identity, and Social Networks: The Case of Donald Trump’s Election

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Sáez-Mateu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Porous Surface ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The unexpected election of Donald Trump as the new U.S. president is situated in a complex and unprecedented intersection of ideas regarding democracy, identity, and social networks, all against the background of the omnipresent and cultural centrality of the digital screen. In this article, we will try to analyze these links through the concept of the paraphragmatic screen, an unusual term from the Greek that is found in Plato’s famous myth of the cave. Our thesis is that the paraphragmatic screen that hosts social networks is not merely interactive. It is also a porous surface that no longer serves only to communicate in the traditional sense but also for senders and receivers to negotiate what is and is not real or true. Using it changes the rules of the game for political communication and even for politics itself while it also generates new types of negotiable identities, as much at the individual level as at the collective.

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