Phytochemical, sub-acute toxicity, and antibacterial evaluation of Cordia sebestena leaf extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke Osho ◽  
Chiagoziem A. Otuechere ◽  
Charles B. Adeosun ◽  
Tolu Oluwagbemi ◽  
Olubunmi Atolani
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fraction H ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Ftir Spectrophotometry ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Antibacterial Evaluation ◽  
Antibacterial Potential ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Abstract: In Nigeria,Ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. The antibacterial potential of the extracts was tested against five standard bacteria, namelyThe TLC profile yielded 39 fractions, which were pooled to nine combined sub-fractions (A–I). The FTIR spectrum of sub-fraction H indicated the presence of aliphatic C-H stretching vibration at 2922 and 2850 cmThe study showed that

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of Sponge-Associated Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum against Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Sri Sedjati ◽  
Ambariyanto Ambariyanto ◽  
Agus Trianto ◽  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Ali Ridlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Antibacterial Potential ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

This study aims to explore the antibacterial potential of a sponge-associated fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolated from Ternate waters, North Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. Various culture media were used to stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in T. longibrachiatum. The isolate was cultured in various media for 6-9 days. Then, the antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate extracts were assayed against pathogenic bacteria of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus cereus). The results showed that all extracts had similar profiles on the thin layer chromatography. However, two of the most potent extracts were produced from the PCA and MEA media for 9 days. These extracts inhibited methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (12.48 mm and 12.27 mm); B. cereus (12.11 mm and 12.12 mm); K. pneumoniae (12.40 mm and 10.76 mm); and P. aeruginosa (11.59 mm and 8.69 mm) at concentrations 500 mg/disc. In conclusion, the fungus T. longibrachiatum that was cultured in PCA and MEA media had the potential to produce antibacterial compounds against MDR pathogens and both had similar compounds.  Meanwhile, the  ethyl acetate extracts from fungus cultured in the TPA and TA media were inactive against all tested bacteria

scholarly journals Isolation of Phomopsis Inhibitory Fraction of Allamanda Extract Removing Gum and Other Undesirable Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Ahmed ◽  
MB Meah ◽  
F Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phomopsis Vexans ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Allamanda leaf extracts were made by three organic solvents hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate having different polarities. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the refluxing extracts showed each of them contained considerable number of different compounds. By observing Rf value of these extracts it was confirmed that the compounds present in different extracts are not same and two of them (methanol and ethyl acetate) extracts were distilled to remove solvent for bioactivity test. In growth inhibition test, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of allamanda inhibited mycelial growth of Phomopsis vexans. Ethyl acetate extract at 0.2% and 0.3% concentration inhibited 100% mycelial growth of Phomopsis vexans while methanol extract was not effective in suppressing growth rather it arrested temporarily the growth of Phomopsis vexans. Eggplant seeds treated with ethyl acetate extract in blotter produced higher percentage of seed germination (85.00%) and healthy seedlings (88.36%) and lower percentage of dead seed (15.00%), and rotten seed (5.89%) than those treated with methanol extract. In most cases, seed quality was improved with the increasing of concentration of ethyl acetate extract. It may be summarized that higher amount of antifungal compounds were present in ethyl acetate extract in purified form where methanol also have some compounds that inhibited partially growth of Phomopsis vexans.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14814 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 199-203 2012

ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS OF MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE FROM MILLETTIA PEGUENSIS ALI (SYN. MILLETTIA OVALIFOLIA KURZ)

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (05) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Arshpreet Kaur ◽  
◽  
M. C. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The present study was aimed to investigate the biologically active compounds present in the seed and leaf extracts of Millettia peguensis. Screening was done through preliminary qualitative analysis of phytochemicals and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method. The study revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, gum and mucilage, phenolics, quinones, steroids and terpenoids in both aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves and seeds. The GC-MS analysis of ethanol extracts of seeds and leaves have yielded 29 and 23 phytoconstituents, respectively. These observations were further validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of the leaves and seeds powder. FT-IR has provided detailed information of the various functional groups associated with the compounds present in the samples. A single compound was isolated through Column Chromatography and Thin Layer Chromatography whose characterization was done through mass spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of the Phytochemical and Antioxidant activities of the leaves, stems, roots, and seeds extracts of Mitracarpus scaber Zucc (Rubiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Wacothon Karime Coulibaly
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mitracarpus Scaber ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Extracts of the leaves, stem, roots, and seeds of <em>Mitracarpus scaber</em> plants have been thoroughly investigated in an attempt to determine their phytochemical and antioxidant activities.<em> </em>Phytochemical screening carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in all the selective extracts of the plant. The levels of phenolic compounds showed that the leaves of <em>M. Scaber</em> are the richest in polyphenols with an average value of 488.291 ± 1.205 μg GAE/g (microgram of gallic acid equivalent per gram of the dry matter of the powdered plant). The total flavonoid assay revealed a high content in the leaves (1.624 ± 0.032 %). Also, studies of the antioxidant activities by DPPH<sup>● </sup>(2,2-diphenyl-1'-picrylhydrazyl) method showed a significant effect compared to vitamin C (96.62 %). The percentages of inhibition are respectively 89.82 % and 82.3 % for ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves and seeds. Furthermore, the inhibitory percentages of n-butanol in the leaves and seeds are 90.57 % and 83.67 %, respectively. Calculated IC<sub>50</sub> showed that the n-butanol fraction of the seeds exhibited the highest activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.293 mg/mL less than ascorbic acid with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.387 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Larvicidal Potential of the Leaf Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit against Anopheles Mosquitoes

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amaka, John I. ◽  
Attah, D. Daniel ◽  
Obisike, Victor U. ◽  
Benedict, Aboje G.
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Layer Chromatography

This study evaluated the larvicidal potential of the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit on the 4th larval instar of laboratory-reared Anopheles spp at varying concentrations of 0.1ml, 0.2ml, 0.3ml, 0.4ml and 0.5ml for specified periods of 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts identified bioactive components like alkaloid, saponin, phenol, anthraquinone and flavonoid. The LC50 and LC90 values obtained indicate that the ethanolic leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Poit had the greatest toxicity on the test organisms within 24hrs of exposure at median LC50 value of 0.485ml compared to the LC50 value of 0.625ml by its aqueous extract. The relative median potency estimates indicate that within 24 hrs, the ethanolic Hyptis suaveolens Poit was 0.161 times more potent on the test organism than aqueous Hyptis suaveolens Poit. The result of this research, therefore, underscores the efficacy of Hyptis suaveolens Poit as an eco-friendly alternative in Anopheles mosquito control. It is, therefore, recommended that quantitative phytochemical screening, application of column chromatography as well as thin layer chromatography be carried out on the extracts to isolate and purify toxic phytochemicals with larvicidal potentiality.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA SEED AND LEAF EXTRACTS ON THE TISSUES OF CYPRINUS CARPIO.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094-1101
Author(s):  
SyedaHina Kauser ◽  
◽  
Shoeiba Tasneem ◽  
Rafath Yasmeen ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pathological Effect

DETERMINATION BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF URINARY HOMOVANILLIC ACID IN NORMAL AND DISEASE STATES

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1381-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin Sankoff ◽  
T. L. Sourkes
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Hepatolenticular Degeneration ◽  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Acetic Acid Water ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Phenol Reagent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

A rapid method using thin-layer chromatography has been developed to measure urinary HVA (homovanillic acid). Ethyl acetate extracts of urine are chromatographed on glass plates coated with silica gel. The solvent used is the organic phase of benzene: acetic acid: water (2:3:1) mixture. The eluted HVA is treated with Folin's phenol reagent and absorbance is measured at 750 mμ in a spectrophotometer. Normal amounts of HVA in human urine are 8.23 ± 2.96 (mean ± standard deviation) mg/24 hours or 6.42 ± 2.28 mg/g of creatinine. Higher values were obtained in cases of ganglioneuroma and neuroblastoma, in a case of pheochromocytoma, and in one of two cases of hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease). In three cases of Huntington's chorea, values lay in the normal range.

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